Datang, an era of poetry heyday, an era of poets. The dashing and flowing poet Li Bai inspired many young people with lofty ideals with "I am born to be useful"; Du Fu, who was rigorous in his studies, proved that he was worthy of the title of poetic saint with the sentence "Boundless falling wood xiaoxiao, endless Yangtze River rolling in".
There is also Bai Juyi, who pursues the practicality of poetry, Wang Wei, who has paintings in poetry, Cen Shan, who is proud and sings praises of life in the border areas, Du Mu, who is mercurial, and Li Shangyin, who is depressed, all of which are well known to future generations. The poets of the Tang Dynasty can be described as brilliant stars and great garlands.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was such a poet, although he wrote a lot of poems, he was not well known today, just like the "eighteen-line stars" in today's showbiz, so that the audience looked strange, let alone named.
This poet, his name is Luo Yin. The phrase "there is wine in this day and drunk in this day" is often quoted by people who are frustrated in life when they are dispatched; the sentence "After harvesting a hundred flowers into honey, for whom is hard work and for whom is sweet" is often used by children to recite. And these verses are all from Luo Yin's pen.
Luo Yin, born in the late Tang Dynasty, died in the Fifth Dynasty. He witnessed the corruption and decline of the Tang regime, and experienced the pain of more than ten times, but he always had a "proud" heart. He was arrogant and arrogant, contemptuous of the powerful, full of confidence in himself, exposing reality in poetry, and expounding profound truths in laughter and anger.
But beneath his powerful exterior, there was also a soft heart, he sympathized with the people, and when he saw the hardships of the peasants' lives, he would complain about them, and sometimes he would feel sad and reflect on his own frustrations.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > I'm really talented</h1>
According to volume 69 of the Chronicle of Tang Poetry, some people refer to Luo Yin and the previous poets Li Shangyin and Wen Tingjun as "three talents", saying that the three of them were successively known to the chancellor Ling Fox. After Ling Hucheng,the son of Ling Hucheng (令狐澄) was admitted to the ranks, Luo Yin wrote a poem of congratulations, which made Fox Silk very happy and said to his son, "I don't like Ru and the first, I like Ru to get Luo Gong's ear." It can be seen that Luo Yin's poetry at that time was very influential.
The truth is also true, although Luo Yin's poems are catchy to read, like vernacular, but his poems are very realmed, and their understanding of life and things is profound, and has its own unique side.
Xi Shi, one of the four beauties of ancient China, enjoys the name of "sinking fish". Xi Shiben was a Yue national in the Spring and Autumn Period, and since childhood, she followed her mother Huan Sha to the riverside, known as the "Huan Sha Girl", she was born beautiful and fell into the city.
After the defeat of the war against the State of Wu by the King of Yue, the King of Yue tried his courage and adopted the strategy of "leaving beautiful women to confuse his heart and mess with his plots", sending Xi Shi to the Wu King's husband, and after the Wu King got Xi Shi, he built a pavilion for him to live in, and from then on he was deserted in state politics and indulged in wine. King Gou of Yue took the opportunity to attack the state of Wu, and Wu perished.
Since then, Xi Shi has been saddled with notoriety, and many literary works have blamed Xi Shi for the demise of the Wu state. Luo Yin, on the other hand, broke with traditional concepts and put forward his own views.
The rise and fall of the family country has sometimes occurred, and the Wu people have complained bitterly about Xi Shi.
If Xi Shi dissolved the State of Wu, who would be the fall of the Yue Kingdom?
- "Xi Shi"
In the poem, Luo Yin negated the view of Xi Shi's subjugation of the country with a clear attitude, changed the traditional understanding of "red face and disaster water", and justified xi shi's name and women's name.
Luo Yin's grievances for Xi Shiming this time were not a whim, but his consistent attitude.
During the reign of Emperor Wuzong at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Huangchao Rebellion attacked Chang'an, and Emperor Cangcang fled to Sichuan for refuge. More than a hundred years ago, during the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Xuanzong also fled to Sichuan, and was forced to kill Yang Guifei halfway because of the advice of his subordinates, and Yang Guifei also became a scapegoat for Xuanzong's lazy government and wrong country.
In response to Emperor Shu's escape from Shu at that time, Luo Yin recorded this incident with the Emperor Xingshu.
Ma Song Mountain color CuiYiyi, and see Luan Yu Yu fortunate shu return.
Izumi Aman should have a word, and this time Hugh complained more about Concubine Yang.
The "Ah Man" in the poem is Tang Xuanzong, and Luo Yin said with Tang Xuanzong's appearance: You blamed Yang Guifei for the last disaster, and this time the disaster has arisen again, who else can you blame? It can be described as sharp and a bitter satire on the incompetence of the rulers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > I'm ugly, but I'm gentle</h1>
It is said that Luo Cain's face is strange and ugly. Some people may ask, there were no photos at that time, how will future generations know? Let's look at a story.
The Records of the Signing of the Commandments of the Five Dynasties contains: Yin Chang presented the scroll to Zheng Xianggong. Zheng Numiao is in the passage, every time she reads a hidden poem, to "Zhang Huachen came out of rudan, not as good as Liu Hou's paper book", it is not inferior to her father's first three repetitions, like Mu Qicai. Xiang Guo or one day because of the hidden to the house, so he stayed calm, ordered the daughter to peep under the curtain. The female sees that the hidden person is a pedantic person, and will never repeat the hidden poetry.
The above translation into the vernacular is: The daughter of Prime Minister Zheng Bi likes to read Luo Yin's poems, and admires Luo Yin very much, imagining Luo Yin as a big handsome man. Luo Yin came to visit one day, and when she secretly observed Luo Yin's true appearance, she was disgusted and never read Luo Yin's poems again. From this we can see that Luo Yin is indeed ugly.
Although his face was ugly, Luo Yin had a gentle heart. Luo Yin wrote some chant poems, which are often ingenious, allegorical and intriguing. On the basis of his in-depth and meticulous observation of objects, the objects he chanted melted into his strong home-country worries and personal indignation. "Bee" is one of the representatives.
Regardless of the flat land or the tip of the mountain, the infinite scenery is occupied.
After harvesting a hundred flowers into nectar, for whom to work hard for whom to sweet?
This poem is composed with a sense of reality, seemingly describing bees and praising the hardships of bees, but in fact the poem places his deep sympathy for the working people and expresses his anger at the powerful people who have not earned for nothing. The "bee" here is actually the embodiment of the working people.
The old proverb "Rainbow Mega Year" tells people that this year's heavy snow heralds a bumper harvest next year.
No, winter is coming, a heavy snow decorates the world as white, and the dignitaries in Chang'an City are happy, they use the heavy snow to indulge in the sound of wine, and chant "Ruixue Mega Year" in a graceful manner. However, Luo Yin saw the other side after the heavy snow.
As far as the good years are, the good years are like nothing.
There are poor people in Chang'an, and there should not be more for Rui.
- "Snow"
The two different scenes after the snow in Chang'an City touched Luo Yin's soft heart, and he saw that when the magnates in the rich and powerful courtyard were spending their days and drinking, a large number of poor people did not have firewood to keep warm, and they could not even eat enough. Sadly, he issued a cry of "not much for Rui".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > pride is my nature</h1>
Luo Yin began to take the imperial examination in 859, and took the examination for more than ten years. "Twelve or thirteen years on the examination period" is his record of his exam career, posterity called it "ten is not the first".
Repeatedly did not win the first place, because he did not have talent? The answer is no, and the reason why he has repeatedly fallen off the list is related to his pride and wildness.
"I can use my feet...", the pioneer of this sentence is Luo Yin.
There is a folk legend: Luo Yin went out by boat one day, and the passengers in the same boat had a Korean official. Out of kindness, the boatman reminded Luo Yin to pay attention to words and deeds, who knew that Luo Yin did not buy it at all, and said a classic line in a bullish manner: "He counts a ball with the officials in the court, and I write an article with my feet a hundred times stronger than him!" Startled, the people on board opened their mouths.
In fact, Luo Yin is this kind of personality, he does not tend to be inflammatory, he will not bend the leader, he only wants to rely on his own talents to achieve fame. However, reality does not allow it.
In 867, after seven consecutive years of unsuccessful examinations, the complaints in his heart increased, and the emotion of "pride" erupted in a concentrated manner, and he wrote many satirical essays, which were collected into the book "Book of Rumors".
"Title God Sheep Diagram" is one of them, in which he satirizes the bad customs at that time, to the effect that: "When there was a god sheep in Yao, it was impossible to distinguish between right and wrong." Later generations drew the shape of the horns strangely, thinking that this was the god sheep. hum! Yao's sheep were the same as today's sheep. The original sheep were simple, but now the simple wind has been corrupted, the sheep have become greedy and vicious, and people have fallen. Therefore, now that the horns are crooked, it is impossible to directly argue between good and bad people as before. ”
When Tang Zhaozong fled to avoid the Yellow Nest Uprising, one of the accompanying artists was a monkey man, who tamed a small monkey, which was quite well-behaved and clever, and was deeply liked by Zhaozong, so Zhaozong gave the monkey man a five-pin silk robe and gave him the name of "Sun Offering".
Later, Luo Yin ate under the door of The Yue King Qian, feeling that he had worked hard for more than ten years without passing the entrance examination, and was not as good as a monkey player, he angrily wrote "Feeling the Monkey Man Give Zhu Fu", which satirized the fainting emperor.
Twelve or three years on the trial period, the five lakes smoke moon nai contradictory.
How to buy Hu Sun Lane, laugh at the king and go.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > strong, lost and helpless</h1>
Although Luo Yin was arrogant and arrogant, using poetry to satirize reality and ridicule the powerful in laughter and anger, the darkness of reality, coupled with the failure of successive examination halls, also made him feel helpless, and the feelings of loss and helplessness were expressed through poetry.
It is also a story recorded in the "Sign of the Commandment". When Luo Yin first entered Beijing to catch the exam, he stayed overnight at a hotel in Zhongling and met Yunying, a singer and prostitute in the store, and the two have known each other ever since. Twelve years later, Luo Yin went to Beijing to take the exam again, and met Yunying again at Zhongling. Yun Ying'ai told the truth: Gongzi has been taking the exam for more than ten years, and he has not passed the exam so far!
Luo Yin listened and could only shake his head and smile bitterly. He heard that Yun Ying had also been a singer and prostitute, had not married, and had a great sense of pity for the same disease.
Zhong Ling was drunk for more than ten years and saw Yun Ying's palm again.
I am not famous and not married, and I may be inferior.
- "Even Questions"
From this, we can see that in addition to the dissatisfaction with reality implied in the words, it is more self-deprecating and helpless, and the bitterness in his heart is known only to himself.
In 887, Luo Yin ended his seclusion at Jiuhua Mountain and planned to defect to the Wuyue king Qian Wei to seek an errand. At this time, Luo Yin's vigor in his prime years had been greatly reduced, and because he was worried about being rejected for a job, he put down the shelf, presented his own poetry collection, and marked the "Xiakou Poems" at the beginning of the volume: "A you can't tolerate it, think about the hero of Huang Zuman", in order to carefully test Qian's attitude and secretly praise Qian's generosity.
As he wished, Qian Wei valued him very much, took him in and arranged an official position, so that Luo Yin's life had a place to stay.
In his later years, in addition to his official duties, he will also calm down and reflect on the first half of his life. One day, he saw the parrot locked in the cage and thought of himself.
Mo hates the carving cage Cui Yu remnants, Jiangnan land warm Longxi cold.
Advise the king not to use clear language, but to speak clearly and turn out the difficulty.
- "Parrot"
Although he was full of talent, his straight temper, sharp personality, and unobstructed mouth made it difficult for him to make a difference in the filthy late Tang Dynasty, fortunately, he met his confidant in his later years and had a place to live.
Looking at this parrot again, although the scholar speaks well, he loses his freedom because he likes to be put in a cage. Just like you can face reality, dare to speak out, so as to be a satire, but it attracts hatred and leads to a hopeless career. How similar he is to the caged parrot at this time.
Luo Yin seems to be exhorting the parrot, but in fact he is exhorting himself to be careful in his words and deeds, which is also his reflection on the helplessness of decades of rubbing his life.
More often, he is also reluctant to think back, after all, the past has passed, thinking more, in vain to increase sadness, it is better to go with the flow and live well in the present.
Gain is to sing and lose, sentimentality and hatred are also leisurely.
There is wine in this day and drunk in this day, and tomorrow is sad and tomorrow is sad.
- "Self-Dispatch"
This, perhaps, is Luo Yin's inner support, with it, let us see a powerful Luo Yin, with it, but also let us see a tender Luo Yin, with it, but also let us know a real Luo Yin.
Author: Adu, a native of Weifang, Shandong, a teacher of middle school ideological and political science and a lover of ancient poetry.