When we think of Eastern Wu Qunchen, we first think of the two heroes of the Battle of Chibi, the outstanding commander Zhou Yu and the steady strategist Lu Su, or the famous general Who killed Guan Yu, Lü Meng, and so on. However, there was an extremely low-key courtier who made great contributions to Eastern Wu, and he was Zhang Hong, one of the "Two Zhangs of Eastern Wu" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
▲ Zhang Hong, both ability and political integrity
Zhang Hong (153-212) zigang, Guangling people. When he was young, he studied in the capital City of Taixue, studied the Jingshi Yi and Ouyang Shangshu under Dr. Yu Hanzong, and also went to Waihuang to study the Han Poems, Li Ji and Zuo Shi Chunqiu with Puyang Min, returned to his hometown, was recommended as Maocai, and the three generals He Jin, Taiwei Zhu Jun, and Sikong Xunshuang wanted to be hired as auxiliary officials, but they all refused to accept them on the grounds of illness and took refuge in Jiangdong.
There is no detailed description of the family in the history books, but from Zhang Hong to the capital, he studied in Taixue, the highest school in the Eastern Han Dynasty, indicating that he was not the son of an ordinary family, at least the family's economic situation was very solid. There were also three major generals, taiwei, and Sikong who wanted to hire him as an official, indicating that Zhang Hong had considerable fame at that time and also recognized his ability. No wonder the history books say, "Sun Ce started a business, so he was entrusted with quality." "
▲ Sun Ce, little bully
At that time, Sun Ce could be said to have started a business from scratch, and there were more than a thousand people from the former Sun Jian's old department borrowed from Yuan Shu, plus Zhou Yu's gang, as well as new recruits, a total of a few thousand troops (about five or six thousand), or young people in their early twenties who had just entered society. It is also reasonable to say that the middle-aged man Zhang Hong committed himself to Sun Ce.
Sun Quan personally came to the door to invite Zhang Hong to become an official, and he was made a lieutenant of the Zhengyi School. Zhang Hong followed Sun Ce in his conquest of Danyang, and Sun Ce personally came to the front line of the battle, and Zhang Hong advised:
"The husband and the lord will be the place of the chip, and the fate of the three armies should not be taken lightly." Self-enemy Xiao Kou, may his subordinates have a posture of heavenly teachings, and the hope of the four seas, and there is no danger to the whole country. "
The gist of it is that the main player will be the role of planning and planning, and the fate of the three armies depends on him, and it is not possible to act rashly and personally fight against Xiao Kou. I hope that you can cherish the talents granted to you by God, meet the wishes of the world, and do not let the whole country worry about your safety.
The same thing happened to Sun Quan. Zhang Hong followed Sun Quan to attack Hefei, and Sun Quan wanted to personally lead the light cavalry to charge and kill the enemy, and Zhang Hong advised:
"The soldier is a murderous weapon, and the warrior is also in danger." Now the arrogance of the subordinates, the sudden rape of the prisoners, the multitude of the three armies, do not shudder, although they will slash the flag and threaten the enemy's field, this is the responsibility of the general, not the main general. May the courage of inhibition, the courage of nurturing, and the plan of the overlord be cherished. "
Its general meaning is that weapons are murderous weapons, and war is dangerous. Now you rely on the strong and majestic momentum, despise the powerful and fierce enemy, the generals of the three armies, all chilling, although cutting off the enemy will capture the enemy flag and shock the enemy army, but this is only the responsibility of the general, not the work of the commander- I hope that you will suppress the bravery and recklessness of Meng Ben and Xia Yu, and have the grand plan of becoming a king with your heart.
The world is really wonderful, at different times and in different places, the brothers and Zhang Hong re-performed the same scene. What flows in the blood seems to be not easy to change, the brothers are flesh and blood, they have forgotten their identities, want to charge into the battle to kill the enemy, fortunately, Zhang Hong is on the side to stop it immediately, so as not to cause an accident. The combination of one old and one young played its strengths, and sun Quan and the two brothers adopted Zhang Hong's opinion to avoid misfortune.
Sun Quan, who was open-minded and cheerful, was not bound to the number of etiquette, and under normal circumstances, he directly called the group of subjects by their words, but only called Zhang Zhao as Zhang Gong and Zhang Hong as the east, which shows Sun Quan's importance to the two.
In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), at this time, the old men and courtiers of the Central Plains ridiculed the lack of erudite people in Jiangdong, and Sun Ce wanted to send Yu Tuan, who was "comparable to Dongfang Shuo", but was refused. Therefore, Sun Ce instead sent Zhang Hong to send The Song Zhang to Xu Capital, and was left at the imperial court to serve as an attendant.
In fact, Zhang Hong is extremely accomplished in literature, and one of the seven sons of Jian'an, Chen Lin, who is knowledgeable and able to write poetry, said that he was simply a small witch compared with Zhang Hong. Who is Chen Lin? Before the outbreak of the Battle of Guandu, there was a migraine Cao Cao was sick in bed, but reading a text, he was shocked into a cold sweat, and the headache was suddenly good. The author of this essay is Chen Lin, such a miraculous scolding skill, without a solid literary foundation can not be written.
▲ Sun Quan, inheriting the ancestral inheritance
In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Sun Ce was wounded by the Assassins and died shortly thereafter. After Cao Cao heard this, he took advantage of the mourning period to conquer Eastern Wu, and Zhang Hong advised him, believing that using troops to take advantage of the funeral of others would not only violate traditional morality, but also make the two sides form a vendetta and abandon the former alliance, so it was better to take this opportunity to treat Eastern Wu kindly.
Cao Cao accepted his advice, thus averting a catastrophe for Eastern Wu. At that moment, he also appointed Sun Quan as a general who was a general who was also a general. Cao Cao wanted Zhang Hong to persuade Sun Quan to surrender, and zhang Hong was made the eastern governor of Huiji. Soon, "I was in the Han camp, and my heart was in Eastern Wu." Zhang Hong resigned his official post on the grounds of illness and returned to Jiangdong.
Sun Quan appointed Zhang Hong as the chief historian, and the above-mentioned exhortation to Sun Quan occurred when he accompanied the army's conquest of Hefei.
In the sixth year of Jian'an, Sun Quan was preparing to send troops to attack Hefei again, and Zhang Hong advised again:
"Since the emperor of ancient times, although there is an imperial spirit on the top, Wende is sown on the bottom, and he also relies on martial arts to show his honor." But when it is more expensive than the movement, it is the ear that follows. Now his subordinates are worth four hundred misfortunes, have the merit of helping the crisis, it is appropriate to hide the master and apprentice, spread widely, let the wise enable, be exalted and generous, and obey the mandate of heaven to do the curse, but it is not necessary to decide. "
Its general meaning is that since ancient times, the emperor is a monarch who bears the mandate of heaven, although there is an imperial spirit to assist the blessings, wende is spread from below, but also rely on martial arts to show his achievements. However, martial arts are taken from time to time, and then they build their might. Now that you are suffering from the misfortune of the Han family for four hundred years, and you have the merit of helping the crisis, you should temporarily hide the army, extensively cultivate farming, let the wise enable you, and advocate the policy of leniency and benevolence, and follow the mandate of heaven to carry out the retribution, so that the world can be peaceful without working hard to move the masses.
▲ Sun Quan, open-minded
At that time, Sun Quan was just in charge of Eastern Wu, and its internal contradictions were fraught with contradictions, and the strategic idea of first stabilizing the interior and expanding outward again was incomparably correct. Eastern Wu is composed of three major groups, one is the Sun family group with sun jian and Sun Ce's old department as the mainstay, the second is the northern shi group represented by Zhang Zhao and Zhang Hong, who have taken refuge in Jiangdong, and the third is the local shi clan in Jiangdong. The Northern Shi clan was attached to the Sun family, but the local Shi clan was different, originally Jiangdong was their territory, and later Sun Ce suppressed and seized it by force. After Sun Ce's death, these local warriors must have been eager to regain their original power. At this time, if you fight with the Cao clique again, it is equivalent to being attacked on both sides, not to mention the great cause of the grand plan, and the possibility of being destroyed is greater. The wise Sun Quan accepted Zhang Hong's suggestion and did not send troops.
Zhang Hong also suggested that he should leave Wu County and move to the capital Moling, and Sun Quan obeyed him. Sun Quan asked Zhang Hong to return to Wu County to pick up his family, and zhang Hong died of illness on the way, at the age of sixty.
Before dying, Zhang Hong instructed his son Zhang Jing to leave a note to Sun Quan, proposing how to do a good job of the wise monarch's own suggestions, and Sun Quan read his suicide note and wept and exchanged.
Xiao Chang's "Book of the Continuation of the Later Han Dynasty" has a very true evaluation of Zhang Hong.
纮和昭, 号二張; 纮柔克, 昭淳刚. Hong died first, virtue did not die, Zhao hou died, and his reputation was enhanced.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zizhi Tongjian