Share the biographical stories of historical figures and experience the centenary of life: literary strategist - Zhang Hong

The vast starry sky is boundless, and the years are like songs. In the splendid history of China, countless heroes and heroines are like stars shining, dotted with the galaxy of civilization.

The character we are going to talk about today is the literary scholar of the Three Kingdoms period, the strategist - Zhang Hong.

When Zhang Hong was young, he traveled to Kyoto, studied the I Ching and Ouyang Shangshu with Dr. Han Zong, and then went to Waihuang to learn Han poetry, Li Ji and Zuo Shi Chunqiu with Puyang Min, and then returned to Ben County, where he was recommended as Mao cai, when the generals He Jin, Tai Wei Zhu Juan, and Sikong Xun Shuang dismissed him as a warrior, and he refused to be called and came to Jiangdong to avoid chaos.

When Sun Ce founded the foundation, Zhang Hong turned to Sun Ce. Sun Ce appointed him as a lieutenant of the Zhengyi School, and later followed Sun Ce in his conquest of Danyang. Sun Ce personally came to the front line of the battle, and Zhang Hong advised: "The main will be the role of planning and planning, and the fate of the three armies depends entirely on him, and it is not possible to act rashly and personally fight against Xiao Kou." I hope that you can cherish the talents granted to you by God, meet the wishes of the world, and do not let the whole country worry about your safety. ”

Zhang Hong (hóng) (153–212), zigang, Guangling people. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, literary scholars and strategists, together with Zhang Zhao, were collectively known as "Er Zhang". When Sun Ce pacified Jiangdong, he personally came to the door to invite him, and Zhang Hong was appointed as an official. Later, Zhang Hong was sent to XuDu and appointed Shi Yushi.

In 199 (the fourth year of Jian'an), Sun Ce sent Zhang Hong to Xuchang to serve as an attendant.

Shaofu Kong Rong and others were close and friendly with him. When Cao Cao heard of Sun Ce's death, he planned to take advantage of the mourning period in Jiangdong to carry out a campaign, but Zhang Hong advised him, believing that using troops to take advantage of the funeral of others was contrary to traditional morality, and if the attack was not victorious, it would also make the two sides form a vendetta and abandon the former alliance, so it was better to take this opportunity to treat Jiangdong kindly. Cao Cao listened to him and immediately appointed Sun Quan as a general and a general who would also be a general. Cao Cao wanted Zhang Hong to persuade Sun Quan to surrender, and zhang Hong was made the eastern governor of Huiji. Chen Lin wrote "Arsenal Endowment", and Zhang Hong wrote a letter praising Chen Lin's literary talent after reading it. Chen Lin said that compared with Zhang Hong and Zhang Zhao, he was a small witch and a big witch.

When Sun Quan had just taken over the affairs, in the prime of her life, Lady Wu thanked Zhang Xuan many times and exhorted them to assist in the righteousness of the external difficulties and deep worries and hardships. Zhang Xuan immediately wrote a letter of thanks, thinking only about making up for mistakes. Whenever there was a secret plan, the four parties were often drafted by Zhang Xuan and Zhang Zhao. Zhang Shao wrote a famous praise for Sun Jian's efforts to defeat Dong Zhuo, support the Han Dynasty, and Sun Ce to pacify Jiangdong and establish a great cause. After writing it, he presented it to Sun Quan, who read the grief and sadness and said, "Junzhen understands my family's experience." ”

Sun Quan directly addressed the group of subjects, but only called Zhang Zhao the Duke of Zhang and Zhang Hong as the east, which shows the importance that Sun Quan placed on the two.

In 208 (the thirteenth year of Jian'an), Sun Quan appointed Zhang Hong as the chief historian and accompanied the army to conquer Hefei. Sun Quan led the light horse to prepare to personally attack the enemy, and Zhang Hong advised: "Weapons are murderous weapons, and war is dangerous."

Now you rely on the strong and majestic momentum, despise the powerful and fierce enemy, the generals of the three armies, all chilling, although cutting off the enemy will capture the enemy flag and shock the enemy army, but this is only the responsibility of the general, not the work of the commander- I hope that you will suppress the bravery and recklessness of Meng Ben and Xia Yu, and have the grand plan of becoming a king with your heart. Sun Quan accepted his suggestion and abandoned the action.

After returning to the division, the following year Sun Quan was ready to send troops again, and Zhang Hong advised: "Since ancient times, the emperor has been a monarch who bears the mandate of heaven, although the imperial spirit is assisted by the upper, wende is spread from below, and it is also necessary to rely on martial arts to show his achievements." However, martial arts are taken from time to time, and then they build their might.

Now that you are suffering from the misfortune of the Han family for four hundred years, and you have the merit of helping the crisis, you should temporarily hide the army, extensively cultivate farming, let the wise enable you, and advocate the policy of leniency and benevolence, and follow the mandate of heaven to carry out the retribution, so that the world can be peaceful without working hard to move the masses. So Sun Quan stopped military operations.

Zhang Hong suggested that he should leave Wu County and move to the capital Moling, and Sun Quan followed his advice. Sun Quan asked Zhang Hong to return to Wu County to pick up his family, and Zhang Hong died of illness halfway along the way.

Before his death, he instructed his son Zhang Jing to leave a note to Sun Quan, saying: "Since ancient times, people with state-owned families have wanted to cultivate moral governance to prosper and prosper, and as for their governance, most of them have not achieved ideal results. It is not that there are no loyal and good generals to complement each other, not because they do not understand the fundamentals of governing the country, but because the monarch cannot overcome his likes and dislikes and is not good at listening to opinions. The common sentiment of man is to fear difficulties and become easy, to prefer the same opinions and to hate different opinions, which is the opposite of the law of world rule.

"Yi Chuan" has a saying that 'from good is like climbing a mountain, learning bad is like collapsing a mountain', which means that learning is not easy. The monarch inherits the inheritance passed down from generation to generation, and by virtue of the natural tendency, he holds the authority of the rulers of the imperial courtiers, is willing to do what he does, listens to good words, and does not need to ask for anything from others, while the loyal subjects have a difficult art of governing the country and speak the advice of the opposing ear, and the two cannot agree with each other, is it not also a matter of course?

Discord will produce estrangement, clever words will make people take advantage of the void, the monarch will be deceived by false loyalty, covet the love of the villain, so the wise and foolish are mixed, the elder and the young are out of order, the reason for these situations is that the relationship between human relations disrupts the normal order of rule. Thus the holy monarch awakened to this, sought the wise with hunger, tirelessly accepted advice, restrained feelings, suppressed lust, and gave up love for the sake of morality, and there was no bias or wrong appointment in the upper, and there was no distinction between the lower.

You should think twice, endure humiliation, and hide your sharp edge in order to achieve the great cause of benevolence and righteousness. "Zhang Hong died at the age of sixty. Sun Quan read his suicide note and wept and exchanged. Zhang Hong has written more than ten poems and inscriptions.