Plato was a man who deserves to be studied. He was a great philosopher of ancient Greece, but also a figure from the past: a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. Socrates never wrote an article, and his philosophical ideas were all recorded by Plato in a series of famous dialogues.
It has been said that Plato's highest ideal is that a philosopher should be a politician and a politician should be a philosopher. Philosophers are not nerds hiding in ivory towers, but should apply what they have learned and practice. Those who have a philosophical mind must have political power, and those who have political power must have a philosophical mind.
But Plato did not only have the Republic, but also many more famous works. In Tai Artede, for example, the typical philosopher is no longer seen as an expert in political domination, but primarily as a thinker on the eternal themes of morality and science. The political enthusiasm and WTO mentality revealed in the Republic were replaced in Tai Artede by a more escapist and detached feeling, and it is considered a seminal and far-reaching classic work, which is more than two thousand years old, but it is not outdated at all.
Plato's 10 books, learn about Socrates and Plato you didn't know, and taste the wisdom of ancient Greece.
I will die, you will live, and whoever of us will have a better destiny, only God knows.
- Socrates
1. The Republic: A must-read book for Western intellectuals and an outline of the governing plan written by philosophers and politicians
Plato's most famous masterpiece, recognized by Western philosophers as the "Philosophical Encyclopedia".
The entire Western philosophical tradition is a series of footnotes to Plato.
—The British philosopher Whitehead
Every soul pursues goodness and makes it the goal of all its actions. People intuitively perceive that it does exist, but they are not sure about it; because they cannot fully understand what goodness really is, they cannot establish a firm belief in goodness, as they do with other things; therefore they do not recognize what is good in other things.
"The Republic" is Plato's masterpiece, which was written in the author's prime, shocked the past and the present, and had a far-reaching influence, not only as a manifesto of the author's political thought, but also as a governing outline for a politician who has folded people. Plato took on the post of successor to Socrates and wrote twenty-five dialogues. He firmly believed that philosophers could be politicians at the same time, and that they could indeed govern the world. The book deals with justice, the state, property, happiness, philosophers, truth, knowledge, ideas and other aspects of the book, and has been a must-read book for Western intellectuals for more than 2,000 years.
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2. "Drinking Chapter": The Source of Platonic Love
Since very ancient times, the desire for love between people has been rooted in the human heart, and it is necessary to return to the original state of unity, to combine two people into one, and to cure the pain of the previous section.
Each of us is half of human beings, something that together becomes the whole. So everyone is constantly seeking their significant other.
This book is a dialogue-style work by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, written in the form of dialogue or speech, and is set in the dialogue of a group of men in ancient Greece in a wine feast, and the subject of discussion is the nature of love.
This book expresses Plato's inner belief that invisible things are permanent. The book also speaks of love from the lower to the highest, and in this book this group of men believes that the noblest love is the love between men, and they believe that a man should love another man, but they oppose the ancient Greek custom of man's love for a teenager, which is the premise of their discussion.
3. The Wise Man: One of Plato's most profound dialogues
The book is a late work by Plato. The book is a work of dialogue philosophical work, which reflects the core ideas of late Plato's existentialism, epistemology, and philosophy of language, and occupies an important place in the history of the development of ancient Greek philosophy.
The book is based on the Ancient Greek edition of Burnett's collation of the Oxford Classics, as well as Fowler's collation of the Loeb Classics and Campbell's annotated edition of the Collation.
4. The Bamanides: One of the greatest mysteries in Plato's writings
The comments are about nine times the translation?!
The most difficult to understand Plato's dialogues.
If one speaks of Plato's writings, they all cite the Republic almost in unison, as if this "Conversation" were the representative of his thought, or even the culmination of his thought. If among the few who have read Plato's complete works have not completely forgotten the Bamanides, he at least does not hold it up, as if it were far below the Republic.
The Bamanides is one of Plato's dialogues and is considered the most difficult to understand. The dialogue consisted of a meeting between two philosophers, parmenides, and zeno of elea, and the young Socrates. The meeting was about Zeno of Elea advocating his monism in conflict with the scholars of the time who advocated pluralism, who believed that monism was full of absurdities and contradictions.
5. "Tour of Sufren Socrates' Plea of Clement": The Story of Socrates Before and After His Trial
Before trial
Syren: Socrates encounters Suffren outside the courtroom to sue his father and discuss with him questions about devotion to God.
On trial
Socrates' Plea: In court, Socrates responded to two charges against him.
After trial
In prison, Socrates explains to Cleton why he does not want to escape.
Only reason is the most precious.
The Apology of Socrates, The Cliton, and The Tour of Sufren are writings written by Plato, a disciple of Socrates, about 392 BC about the philosophical thought of his teacher. Socrates' dialogues, those of piety, courage, virtue, etc., give us such a sense of music. For example, although the subtitle "On Piety" was imposed by later generations of scholars, devotion is exactly the theme of this piece. The Apology of Socrates is recognized as representing the spirit of Socrates; clette is one of the earliest works of Plato's Dialogues.
6. The Cave of Pei: Socrates' Last Day
I would now like to make it clear to you judges why a person who has spent his life in philosophy naturally has the full courage at the end of his life and a strong desire that he will receive the greatest benefit in another world after his death.
Plato's Pei Dong tells the story of Socrates' words and deeds the day before his execution through the memories of Socrates' student Pei Dong. Socrates had soul-immortal conversations with friends and disciples and spent the last days of his life calmly. The topics of the conversation dealt with suicide and the proof of the existence of the soul.
7. Tai Artede: The political enthusiasm and WTO entry mentality revealed in the Republic are replaced in Tai Artede by a more escapist and detached feeling.
In 369 BC, Plato's good friend and famous mathematician Teatides participated in and died in the battle of the Athenian army in the Corinth region. Plato most likely wrote this dialogue shortly after Tyatide's death and asked him to play a major role in the dialogue in his honor. At this time, Plato was already in the year of the flower armor.
Whether due to setbacks in political practice or due to age or other factors, the political enthusiasm and WTO mentality revealed in the Republic are replaced in Tai Artede with a more escapist and detached feeling; the typical philosopher is no longer regarded as an expert in political domination, but mainly as a contemplator of the eternal themes of morality and science.
8. "Plato's Literary and Artistic Dialogues": a collection of speeches on Plato's aesthetic problems
Aesthetics everyone Zhu Guangqian translation
Plato saw the beauty of sensual things (including art) as mere sporadic, vague facsimiles of rational beauty.
——Zhu Guangqian
Plato wrote a total of about forty or so dialogues, covering a wide range of issues, mainly political, ethical education, and general philosophical questions that were hotly debated at the time. Aesthetic problems arise sporadically as part of many of these problems in most conversations.
The only one devoted to aesthetic problems is the "Great Hippias" written in his early years, in addition to the more aesthetic problems involved in "Ian", "Gaugeas", "Protagoras", "Drinking", "Republic", "Phillips", "Fidno", "Law" and other articles.
9. The Dialogues of Plato
Wang Taiqing is a historian of Western philosophy, a literary translator, and a professor in the Department of Philosophy at Peking University. His pen name is Wang Fu. Anhui Tongling people. His translations include Lectures on the History of Philosophy and Crime and Punishment.
As a well-known translator, for nearly half a century, domestic philosophical scholars have learned from Wang Taiqing's extensive translations.
Plato's dialogues are both philosophical and literary masterpieces. The first part of Wang Taiqing's translation of Plato's Dialogues is a translation of 12 of Plato's dialogues; the second part is the author's treatise, which includes both the study of Plato's philosophical thought, the summary of the author's translation experience, and the discussion of the theoretical problems of translation.
10. Plato's Dialogues: a textbook translation
Translation of ancient Greek directly
Four famous dialogues, which concentrate on Socrates' thoughts, lives, and conversations before his death, deal with the questions that are the most concentrated epitome of the philosophical ideas and methods of Socrates and Plato, from which we can obtain a basic concept.
Chinese are no strangers to Greek culture. Among the modern literati, Zhou Zuo and Luo Niansheng introduced ancient Greek culture, and Shui Jianfu was the first person to study ancient Greek after Zhou and Luo.
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