Although Wu Zhaoqian of the Fourteenth Year of Shunzhi's Ding You's Scientific Expedition Case was somewhat wronged, in fact, from this major case, there was no unjustification, and there were many deep-seated things exposed from the Kechang case, one was that the Ming Dynasty party struggle extended to the Qing Dynasty, the second was Shunzhi's suppression of the Han people, and the third was the dispute between the North and the South.
In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), in addition to the Shuntian Examination Hall, the Qing Dynasty also set up the "Jiangnan Lu" in Nanjing, and the Nanjing Examination Hall was equally important, because since the ancient Jiangnan was full of talents, so the setting of Jiangnan Min was to select Jiangnan talents for the Qing Dynasty. The chief examiner of Jiang Nanmin is called Fang You, and the deputy chief examiner is called Qian Kaizong.
These two examiners were personally selected by the Shunzhi Emperor, who believed in them. Before leaving, he warned the two men: "If what you do is not right, you will not forgive them lightly."
At that time, there were many problems in the imperial examination, and in the Ming Dynasty, there was a problem of fraud. After Shunzhi entered the customs, following the ming Dynasty's imperial examinations, fraud cases often occurred, and the Shunzhi Emperor punished the Kechang case very slightly. Therefore, Fang and Qian did not pay attention to the warning of the Shunzhi Emperor. More importantly, he did not look up to the Shunzhi Emperor, thinking that the Shunzhi Emperor was young and that the Manchus did not understand the imperial examination. But Fang and Qian did not expect that their contempt would trigger a major case.
After Fang and Qian arrived in Nanjing, they had already put aside the words of the Shunzhi Emperor, and they collected a lot of money in the examination. After Jiangnan Min was unveiled, the examinees were all rich and noble children, and at that time, some Jiangnan scholars wrote poems satirizing Fang You and Qian Kaizong: "Kong Fang lord tried to unite the god of money, and the topic first discussed the rich and the poor." Jinling has been called the Golden Cave since ancient times, and the white is in the present-day Baiding. ”
In addition to writing poetry satire, there were also people who published books to satirize, at that time, there was a book called "Ten Thousand Gold Records" in Nanjing that alluded to Fang You and Qian Kaizong, taking the square character a little and taking half of the money word. There is also a miscellaneous drama called "Jun Tianle" that is also a story of cheating in the field. On the way back to Beijing, when Fang and Qian passed through Suzhou, Changzhou, they were scolded all the way, and some people threw stones into the boat they were riding, frightening the two people to dare not come out.
Originally, the Shuntian case had just passed, implicating many people, such as Li Zhenyi and others, who had been sentenced to capital punishment, at this time the northern minister Liu Zhengzong thought that there was an opportunity to clean up the southern officials, so the engineering department gave Shi Yin Yingjie to report the case of Jiangnan Min to the Shunzhi Emperor. Even Fang Gongqian's fifth son, Fang Zhangyu and Fang Youlian Sect, were included in it.
In fact, Liu Zhengzong and Yin Yingjie participated in this case, and the main purpose was to implicate Fang Gongqian, and why should he implicate Fang Gongqian, which was a continuation of the party struggle at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Because Fang Gongqian had offended Liu Zhengzong in the case of the Southern Prince during the Southern Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Liu Zhengzong wanted revenge.
In addition, Fang Gongqian's father and son were deeply favored by the Shunzhi Emperor, the eldest son Fang Xuancheng was a jinshi of the sixth year of Shunzhi, the second son Fang Xiangxian was a jinshi of the fourth year of Shunzhi, the third son Fang Yusheng and the fourth son Fang Yaomao were all juren, and the fifth son, Fang Zhangyu and Fang Yizhen. Fang Gongqian's names for his son are all regular, the first stroke of the first word is a dot, and the last stroke of the second word is a diagonal hook. The talent name of Fang's father and son was Zhen Jiangnan, and after surrendering to the Qing Dynasty, he was also liked by the Shunzhi Emperor. Therefore, the Fang father and son were also jealous of the Northern Ministers.
It can be seen from this that the Jiangnan Min case in the fourteenth year of Shunzhi was actually an extension of the party struggle at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and it was a matter of enmity between the northern ministers and the southern ministers.
Originally, the Shunzhi Emperor was very annoyed by the Shuntianke field case, and when the Yin Yingjie was reported, the Shunzhi Emperor immediately called Fang Xuancheng and asked if it was related to Fang You. Fang Xuancheng said that their family was the Fang family in Tongcheng, Anhui, while Fang You was from Zhejiang, and the two Fang families were not from the same sect. Therefore, his younger brother Fang Zhangcheng is not among the avoidants.
The Shunzhi Emperor wanted to know more about the situation in Jiangnan, at this time the eunuch found two copies of the "Ten Thousand Golden Records" and "Jun Tianle", and Shunzhi was suspicious after reading the letter, but when he heard that the author of "Jun Zaile" was You Dong, he immediately believed it. Because You Dong was a famous scholar in Jiangnan, the words he wrote were deeply appreciated by the Shunzhi Emperor.
The Shunzhi Emperor immediately ordered that the Jiangnan case be seriously investigated and dealt with, fang you and Qian Kaizong were dismissed from their posts and brought to the capital for strict trial. Fang Gongqian also needed to truthfully explain the situation.
Fang Gongqian also had nothing to do with the Fang family and the Fang Family, saying again that his son could still take the exam. In fact, when Fang Gongqian said this again, the Shunzhi Emperor no longer believed it.
At this time, the Shunzhi Emperor had already decided to raise his sword and "kill the chicken and scare the monkey". The so-called "chickens" are Jiangnan officials and talents. Because after Shunzhi became emperor, he reused Han officials, but there were still anti-Qing forces in the south. These anti-Qing forces are inextricably linked to Jiangnan Talents.
After the Jiangnan incident, the Shunzhi Emperor thought that the opportunity had come, and he quickly seized the case and suppressed the Jiangnan officials. Therefore, even if Fang Zhangcheng has nothing to do with this case, it is still within the scope of investigation.
And Jiangnan is the tax payment area of successive dynasties, which was valued by the dynasty, and a popular sentence at that time was: "Jiangnan is safe, the world is safe; Jiangnan is dangerous, the world is dangerous." Therefore, Shunzhi must use the Jiangnan Kechang case to further suppress the people in Jiangnan and ensure the long-term peace and stability of the Qing Dynasty.
For his part, the Shunzhi Emperor was unaware of the party strife that existed among the Han officials, because these were continued by the Ming Dynasty.
Regarding the Jiangnan Kechang case, there is another detail that must be mentioned, that is, The Shunzhi Emperor's favored concubine Dong Efei. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, Shunzhi personally presided over the re-examination of the Shuntian Science Field, and 8 of the 128 people who did not understand humanities were dismissed and removed. At this moment, the fourth son of the emperor born to Concubine Dong Efei fell ill and died of illness, less than 100 days, so Concubine Dong Efei was very sad.
Looking at Aifei sadly, the Shunzhi Emperor's mood also deteriorated, and even his eyes were confused. Moreover, in handling the Jiangnan Min case, the Qing Dynasty kept happening one thing after another. The chancellor Chen Zhiyi and others colluded with the eunuch Wu Liangfu to cause the incident, which also made the Shunzhi Emperor very angry. Because after Shunzhi entered the customs, he learned the lessons of the Ming Dynasty and set up an iron plate, strictly prohibiting eunuchs from interfering in government affairs and conferring Han officials, and the violators were directly executed. Chen Zhiyi was dismissed from his post and sent to Shengjing, and finally died in exile. Wu Liangfu was not punished, so some people say that Chen Zhixuan's dismissal is a premeditated shadow.
Chen Zhiyi was a Jiangnan official and a target for Liu Zhengzong. However, at this time, the Shunzhi Emperor was already annoyed, which was directly related to the loss of his beloved son and the bad mood of aifei.
Later, Dong Efei was ill, as well as many things in the harem, and the Shunzhi Emperor did not immediately deal with the Jiangnan Kechang case. However, later, the doctor Dong Efei's illness worsened, and the Shunzhi Emperor became extremely irritable, so he was even more harsh in dealing with the Jiangnan Kechang case. The Shunzhi Emperor once again went on a killing spree. However, the Fang father and son were not killed, but were exiled to Ninguta, and later tried to find a way to return to the capital.
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Reference: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty