The first assassin in the history of Zhangzhou was enshrined as Chen Yuanguang, the Holy King of Kaizhang

　　Chen Yuanguang (657 – 771 CE), a native of Gwangju, was born on February 16, 657, the second year of Xianqing(657). In the second year of Yifeng (677), he succeeded his father and served as the general of the Yuzhao Wei YiFu Zuolang, and in the second year of Yonglong (681), he was awarded the title of General of the Yuzhong Wei Zhonglang (官秩正四品下), and served as the commander of the Lingnan March. Advanced Zhengyi Doctor, the first assassin in the history of Zhangzhou. He was born in the Yingchuan Wang clan, a disciple of the Kai Tang Dynasty, and a family of generals. At an early age, he read the scriptures and went through the history of his children. Changbo has learned the history of the scriptures, and has learned the art of war and shooting. In the thirteenth year, the first place was recommended.

　　He is one of the important folk beliefs in the Fujian-Taiwan region and is enshrined as the Holy King of Kaizhang. General Chen Yuanguang led his father to the south with his father from the year of his weak crown, and until he was martyred, he always insisted on staying in the land of Minshu for forty-two years; he ruled Fujian well, opened up science and selected talents, appointed sages, invited exile, burned wasteland, built schools, and persuaded the people to study. There were also 36 forts in the prefecture, which were erected in the four borders as a stronghold for military appeasement and political religious people.

　　For the Yamakoshi people, they mainly recruited and cared, and attached equal importance to Dewei, intermarried with relatives, and married Yamakoshi women as wives. Use force against those who rebel against the Tang Dynasty, and those who wish to submit, divide the land to live, and manage themselves, called "Tang Huali", also known as "Jiulongli". Southern Fujian, known as the "barbaric" land, has developed rapidly in economy and culture. Chen Yuanguang became the founder of promoting the integration of Central Plains culture and Fujian-Vietnamese culture.

　　Chen Yuanguang was the commander-in-chief of the Lingnan March, the general of Jinzhong Lang, the general of Huaihua led by the Right Eagle Yang Wei, and also the leader of the Zhangzhou Assassin History. Because of the death of Chao Kou, he gave lin to the Marquis of Zhang, And Yu Zhongyi. The Chaozhou Poetry Collection contains three of his poems, 48 of which are compiled by later generations, and 7 of which are compiled by his descendants.

　　Biography

　　Calm the chaos

　　In the second year of the General Chapter (669 AD), when there was a rebellion between the spring tides, Emperor Gaozong of Tang ordered Chen Zheng to be the chief steward of the Lingnan March.

　　"The people are suffering and barbaric rebellion, and the town of You begs the commander of the town to jingbianfang." It was at this time that the Guide general Chen Zheng was ordered to lead 3,600 soldiers and 123 generals from Gushi County, Henan, as the commander-in-chief of the Lingnan March, to put an end to Fujian. His son Chen Yuanguang was 13 years old at the time and also joined the Tang army south.

　　Chen Zheng led the Tang army along the Huai River into the Grand Canal, along the canal south into Zhejiang, and then from Xianxialing into Fujian, and after several barbarian villages in Lianke, they reached the boundary of the Jiulong Mountains in present-day Hua'an County. In this place, due to the disparity between the masses and the tang army, the Tang army was unable to break through for a while, and the soldiers from the Central Plains were not satisfied with the water and soil, and it was difficult to endure the warm and humid climate of "the area of the barbarians, the land of miasma", and many soldiers could not afford to get sick. The troubled Tang army had no choice but to retreat to Jiulong Mountain, and the imperial court requested additional reinforcements.

　　In the third year of the general chapter (670 AD), Chen Zheng's two brothers led more than 5,000 soldiers and military dependents to "come south", including their 75-year-old mother, Lady Wei. During the march, the two brothers died of illness one after another, and Lady Wei resolutely replaced her son and took the reinforcements to Jiulong Mountain to join Chen Zheng. The Tang army was mighty and vigorous, and in one fell swoop, it broke through the siege. After the great victory of Jiulong Mountain, the Tang army fought all the way, and Lianke had 36 barbarian cottages. Today's Pantuo Town, Zhangpu County, there is still a Niangzai Temple. The owner of the temple, Niang Huixian, is the owner of the Niangzi Village who once gathered with a group of mountain Kou Xiao in the mountains. Chen Zheng's father and son sent his subordinate Li Boyao to infiltrate the village, outwit Niang Huixian, and recruit her to safety. After the last cottage was removed, the Tang army crossed Pukui Pass and settled in Huotian Village, Huotian Town, Yunxiao County, where they camped and won a decisive victory in quelling the chaos.

　　In the second year of YiFeng (677 AD), Chen Zheng became ill and died in Yunxiao, burying the bones of general Shan. The 21-year-old Chen Yuanguangzi inherited his father's business, took charge of Shuaiyin, and continued to lead the Chen family army to develop the southern barbarian land. "Chen Yuanguang believes that backward production, fierce nature of the people, lack of management, and lack of education are the root causes of frequent riots in this area." Fang Qunda, a folklore expert who has long been engaged in the study of the culture of kaizhang shengwang, said that in order to ensure the long-term peace and stability of this area, Chen Yuanguang wrote to the imperial court in the 14th year of entering Fujian and asked for the establishment of prefectures and counties. Two years later, Wu Zetian approved the establishment of Zhangzhou between Quanzhou and Chaozhou, and the earliest county rule was located in Yunxiao. Chen Yuanguang was appointed as the first assassin in the history of Zhangzhou.

　　Kaizhangzhi Prefecture

　　In the second year of the Imperial Arch (686 CE), Chen Yuanguang petitioned the emperor to set up counties between Quanzhou and Chaozhou to strengthen feudal rule over the Zhangzhou area. In the middle reaches of Huotian Creek in Huotian Village, there is still a dam about 30 meters long, which the local people call "Junpo", which has a history of more than 1,300 years. "This is a water conservancy project built when General Chen led the Kaizhang General Tun Reclamation, the length of the dam is 120 meters, and the total length of the diversion canal is 4,000 meters." Tang Yuxian said: The irrigation area of the "military slope" is more than 1,000 mu, and it is one of the earliest water conservancy projects in Fujian.

　　"Junpo" is a historical witness that Chen Yuanguang attaches importance to production.

　　Among the Kaizhang soldiers, multi-skilled craftsmen were good at weaving, pottery and iron smelting, filling the gap in the handicraft industry in Mindi. Chen Yuanguang implemented the policy of "trade and benefiting farmers", which made Zhangzhou quickly become an important commercial town in the south. At the same time, the local transportation industry has gradually developed, and the Jiulong River and Zhangjiang River have become important waterways. Fishing flourished as a result, and shark skin was the main tribute to Zhangzhou at that time.

　　After nearly 40 years of development and construction, Zhangzhou has transformed from a barren land into a paradise with pure folk customs and prosperous industries. "Thousands of miles in all directions, without the sound of drums", Han and Brute coexist harmoniously, there are few wars; "flowers are three winter green, Jiahe is new twice", a prosperous scene.

　　In the second year of Jingyun (711 AD), the remnants of the Chaozhou area were revived, and Chen Yuanguang led a light horse to resist the enemy, and fell into an encirclement on the way, because he was outnumbered, and finally he was seriously wounded and died on the battlefield. The whole city of Zhangzhou mourned, and the soldiers and civilians initially buried him in the Yunxiao Dazhiyuan, which was also named Gebu Mountain because the people hung white Gebu on the top of the mountain.

　　Source Sacrifice Saint King

　　After Chen Yuanguang's death, successive dynasties remembered his exploits and successively praised him. Since the Tang Dynasty, successive imperial courts have posthumously awarded Chen Yuanguang 22 times, and as many as 15 times in the two Song Dynasties alone. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Yuanguang was posthumously awarded the title of "Kaizhang Saint King". At this point, a generation of heroes ascended to the altar and was worshipped by posterity.

　　Chen Yuanguang and the descendants of 87 Fu Bing took root in the southern Fujian region and became the main population component of Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Chaoshan in the future. After the Tang Dynasty, the descendants of Kaizhang continued to migrate to Taiwan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and at the same time, they also brought the kaizhang Saint King's faith culture. Since then, the Kaizhang Saint King has become a god shared by both sides of the strait.

　　Chen Yuanguang's deeds are not found in the old and new Tang Books. "No one in the history of Tang Dynasty has cultivated the legend, and there are temple generals in Zhangjiang." For thousands of years, the people on both sides of the strait have commemorated this pioneering ancestor in their own way, and the Weihui Temple built for him has been flourishing for a long time.

　　Later influences

　　First, the opening of Shu Fujian accelerated the historical development process of human society in the southeastern frontier, made the ethnic minorities in the barbarous land submit to the imperial court, and consolidated the central power of the Tang Dynasty.

　　At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the quan and chaojian were regarded as "barbarians", almost at the end of the clan society, living in the "snake and pig area" of "back mountains and facing the sea", hunting for a living, caves as a home, everywhere "hazel is like this, almost suspected of not living" (Chen Yuanguang," Xie Zhuan (Jianzhou County) table). They often clashed with the Han Chinese who lived in farming, and the troops sent by the governments of successive dynasties failed to enter their "territory", and could only use the Jiulong River as the boundary, "planting willows as a camp", and the central government could not reach them. The west of the Kowloon River was used as a place for "barbarians" to carry out activities, and they confronted the government for a long time, becoming a problem for the imperial court.

　　Chen Yuanguang's grandson and his general Shu Min Kaizhang opened a new era in the history of the southeast frontier, so that the former barbaric land gradually became a civilized state, and the political, economic, cultural, military, and social customs began to integrate into the big family of the Chinese nation, and gradually approached the level of the Central Plains. Since then, the ancestry, psychological quality and national consciousness of the residents have been closely linked to the Central Plains, and the long-standing Chinese culture has been carried forward in the fujian and Guangdong regions. For more than a thousand years, there were no separatist regimes or forces in southern Fujian that opposed the central government, and they had a major impact on future generations. Therefore, it can be said that its historical significance and influence are epoch-making.

　　Second, chen Yuanguang's ancestors and grandsons, as practitioners of Confucian political and religious thought and disseminators of Central Plains culture, played an unquestionable foundational role in the future that The prefectures of Zhangzhou, Quan, Chao, and Shanzhou became famous historical and cultural cities with a thriving literary style at home and abroad, and their territories became a country of courtesy and righteousness with pure folk customs and talents. And with its vigorous historical appeal and inheritance, it has had an endless impact on the development of education, the accumulation of culture and the formation of good customs and customs in later generations.

　　The achievement of Chen Yuanguang's ancestors and grandsons in this historical merit should be said to be inseparable from his family's gushi from Gwangju, Henan. This is because Gushi is located in the Central Plains, and the Central Plains is the birthplace of Heluo culture, and the economy and culture and education are relatively developed, and it can even be said that it is the first to lead China. Born in Si and raised in Si, Chen Yuanguang, born in a family of official eunuchs, scholarly and studious, has the conditions to read Confucian classics, is deeply influenced by Confucian thought and culture, and is recommended by the countryside at the age of 13.

　　After succeeding Zuo Lang as general and Jin as the first assassin of Zhangzhou, he showed his literary martial strategy and ability to govern Zhang. He was not only a general who was good at leading troops and conquests, but also a politician with foresight and foresight in feudal society, but also a Confucian scholar with a full heart and an accomplished poet. He is the author of "Longhu Collection", "Jade Collection", "Art of War Shooting Technique" and other poetry collections, and "Quan Tang Poems" has seven poems. It can be seen from this that Chen Yuanguang, who is a collection of civil servants and Confucians, has such a high quality and cultivation, and it is naturally reasonable to emphasize the teaching of Xingwen during his reign, to educate people with virtue and etiquette, to attach equal importance to grace and prestige, and to advocate civilization. Only in this way did it receive the social effect of "Yan Wu Xiu Wen, Si Yi Self-Submission".

　　The exploits of his third Chen Yuanguang and his grandson Shu Min Kaizhang have been admired by compatriots in Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan and overseas "Tang people" for generations, and have been widely praised. For more than a thousand years, the people of Fujian and Guangdong have always revered Chen Yuanguang as the "Holy King of Kaizhang", and have built temples to worship them, and the incense is still as good as ever. The Tang, Fifth Dynasties, and Song dynasties successively posthumously honored General Chen Yuanguang as "Grand General of the Leopard Tao Wei Zhen Army and Guanglu Dafu Zhongshu Cheng", "General Baoding", "Taiwei Shangshu Ling", "Lingzhu Conforming to zhao lie Guangji King" and so on. There are more than 100 Weihui Temples, Yanyi Palaces, and Prefecture Main Temples in Zhangzhou, Chaochao, and Shantou areas that enshrine the "Kaizhang Holy King". At present, there are 53 Weihui Temples and Zhaohui Temples dedicated to King Chen sheng in Taiwan (55 in one word), of which Yilan, Taoyuan, Taipei have the largest number and incense. There are also as many as 20 or 30 temples in Southeast Asia.