People's health is an important symbol of national prosperity and national prosperity, and having healthy people means having a stronger comprehensive national strength and sustainable development capabilities. Since its birth a hundred years ago, peking union medical college of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences has gone through ups and downs, always kept in mind its original mission, and taken the development of medical science and technology education in China and the maintenance of people's health as its own responsibility, with educational talents, fruitful scientific research, medical leading the industry, and made important contributions to the establishment and development of China's modern scientific medical system. In this issue, Xiaobian will lead you to understand the "top ten scientific and technological achievements" of Concord.
I. Development of a series of polio vaccines and their application in the immunization of children in China
In October 2000, the WHO Committee for the Confirmation of Polio Eradication in the Western Pacific Region (RCC) declared China polio-free. As the largest polio vaccine production and research base in China, the Institute of Medical Biology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences has made remarkable achievements since its establishment in 1959 with the mission of producing and developing polio vaccine. Under the leadership of medical scientist Gu Fangzhou, in 1963, the "polio sugar pill" dosage form was successfully developed, which played a key role in the elimination of polio in China, and since then, in order to promote the use of large-scale, the first new dosage form of the live attenuated vaccine for polio has been developed.
With the implementation of the WHO polio eradication plan, the Institute has successively developed a full range of national immunization vaccines such as liquid oral live attenuated polio vaccine, live attenuated polio vaccine prepared by human diploid cells, and live attenuated vaccine for type I+III polio, which provides a strong guarantee for Maintaining Polio-free status in China.
After nearly 30 years of unremitting efforts, the Institute of Biology has independently developed and produced The first inactivated polio vaccine in China - Sabin strain polio inactivated vaccine (sIPV). As a major innovative product with completely independent intellectual property rights in China, it not only fills the gap in the field of polio inactivated vaccine production in China, but also breaks the monopoly of developed countries on the production technology of polio inactivated vaccine.
National control and basic eradication of leprosy: a declaration of war on fear and despair
In 1957, in order to prevent and control leprosy in many parts of China, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences established the Institute of Dermatology, according to the actual situation of the leprosy epidemic in China, closely integrated with the national development strategy, under the joint efforts of several generations, put forward the prevention and control strategies, technologies and measures in line with the actual situation of the leprosy epidemic in China, so that leprosy, a major infectious disease that was once frightening, was difficult to find.
According to the requirements and goals of "active prevention and control of infection" put forward by China in the 1950s and "achieving the basic elimination of leprosy in China by the end of this century" put forward in 1981, under the leadership of the Dermatology Hospital (Research Institute) of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, this arduous research project was jointly completed with some leprosy prevention and control research institutions. This has enabled my country to achieve the goal of complete control and basic elimination of leprosy and to be at a leading level among developing countries in the world.
In 2001, "Research on National Strategies, Prevention and Control Technologies and Measures for the Control and Basic Eradication of Leprosy" won the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.
Third, the creation and promotion of chemotherapy for the eradication of chorioepithelial carcinoma: a subversive breakthrough from a mortality rate of 90% to a cure rate of 90%.
Choriocarcinoma is a very malignant tumor, the disease develops rapidly, once metastasized, the vast majority of patients are dead within half a year, is recognized as one of the most dangerous incurable diseases.
Since the 1950s, Academician Song Hongzhao of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking Union Medical College and his team have conducted research on chorionic carcinoma and achieved a series of pioneering results: the first high-dose therapy has made the disease from a mortality rate of 90% to a cure rate of 90%. Since 1959, the primary uterus has been treated with drugs alone without resection, so that patients with chorionic cancer can have healthy offspring. The proposed clinical staging method of chorionic carcinoma has been adopted by THE WHO and FIGO as a unified clinical staging method. This achievement has great scientific significance and social value, and has won the 1978 National Science Conference Award, the 1982 Ministry of Health Scientific Research Achievement First Prize, and the 1985 National Science and Technology Progress Award.
On the basis of the work of Song Hongzhao, Yang Xiuyu and other predecessors, Professor Xiangyang of Peking Union Medical College Hospital led the team to conduct in-depth research on the mechanism of chorionic carcinoma resistance, drug resistance marker screening and drug resistance reversal, and explored a set of effective comprehensive treatment methods for the treatment of drug resistance and critical cases, so that the treatment effect of drug-resistant and critically ill velvet carcinoma patients has been significantly improved, the complete remission rate has reached more than 70%, and the treatment effect has reached the international leading level.
Fourth, the comprehensive prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer: the 5-year survival rate of early cancer exceeds 95%
Esophageal cancer is the fourth most malignant tumor in China, and its efficacy has been poor in the past. Led by the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the researchers lasted 13 years and established a standardized treatment model and key technical system for esophageal cancer in China:
The establishment of the early diagnosis and early treatment technology system clarified the starting point of precancerous lesions and early treatment for the first time; the new strategy of comprehensive treatment in the middle and advanced stages was created, which improved the surgical resection rate and survival rate, and the radiotherapy was the first to confirm that radiotherapy can improve the 5-year survival rate of local advanced esophageal cancer, and the indications were clarified; new genetic susceptibility markers and risk factors were found to confirm the synergy between genetic and environmental factors; vitamin D was positively correlated with the risk of morbidity, which changed the prevention strategy. 63 molecules associated with clinical pathological features were found, and miRNA was first reported as a diagnostic and prognosis marker.
Create a standardized diagnosis and treatment promotion system, publish China's first "Guidelines for standardized diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer"; establish 33 early diagnosis and early treatment bases, screen high-risk groups 256803 person-times, the early diagnosis rate reached 70%, the early cancer 5-year survival rate reached more than 95%; set up 82 application promotion units, train more than 6800 doctors; establish the world's largest intelligent network monitoring platform, evaluate 31883 cases of patients, the 5-year survival rate of middle and advanced patients improved, and the average hospital stay was shortened by 1-8 days.
V. Clinical treatment system for refractory cardiovascular diseases: a series of "first cases" has built a solid Great Wall for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China
Cardiovascular disease represented by coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease and complex congenital heart disease is the first major disease in China, and it is also the cause of death, and the Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences has carried out a lot of pioneering work on the establishment of a cardiovascular disease treatment system for generations.
In 1974, Professor Guo Jianjian completed the first coronary artery bypass surgery in China, marking the beginning of coronary surgery in China. Academician Gao Runlin completed the first coronary intrathrombolytic therapy and the first coronary artery stenting in China in 1984 and 1992, which opened the prelude to the interventional treatment of coronary heart disease in China. Academician Hu Shengshou completed China's first non-stop jumping bridge and the first minimally invasive bypass surgery assisted by thoracoscopy in 1996 and 1999, and academician Hu Shengshou and Academician Gao Runlin completed The first hybrid coronary artery blood vascular reconstruction in China in 1999 created a new era of "minimally invasive hybridization" in coronary surgery. In 1976, Academician Zhu Xiaodong completed the first domestic biological valve replacement in China, which created a precedent for the clinical use of domestic biological valves in China and promoted the development and popularization of heart valve surgery in China.
In 1972, Professor Guo Jianjian completed the first case of right ventricular double outlet orthodontics in China, and in 1987, Professor Guo Jianjian completed the first case of aortic transfer in China, opening a chapter in the treatment of complex congenital heart disease in China. In 1997, Professor Wu Qingyu proposed a new anatomical correction technique for Ebstein deformity. Academician Hu Shengshou completed the world's first double root transfer surgery of aortic arteries and the world's first hybrid treatment of neonatal ventricular septal intact pulmonary artery atresia in 2004 and 2005, which improved China's academic status in the field of complex congenital heart disease treatment in the world.
Sixth, butanphthalide, dicyclool and other natural medicine creation: the creation of major new drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases to provide a powerful weapon
Butylphthalide (enbipro dl-NBP) is the first anti-cerebral ischemia class drug with independent intellectual property rights developed by the Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, which is used for the treatment of mild and moderate acute ischemic stroke. In 2005, Peking Union Medical College Hospital led the largest clinical study of neurology in China in 94 hospitals across the country, showing that the treatment of butanphthalide ischemic stroke is safe and effective.
Exploration doesn't stop with achievements. The Institute of Medicines has also developed a prodrug of butanphthalide: potassium 2-(α-hydroxypentyl)benzoate (DL-PHPB), which has a new pharmacological effect on the basis of anti-stroke and has obvious antidepressant and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects. DL – PHPB has been granted patents in 12 countries including China, the United States and the European Union.
The Institute of Pharmacology of the Academy of Medical Sciences has also made remarkable achievements in the field of natural medicine development. Biphenyl diesters and dicyclool are two major new drugs invented by the Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in the study of natural product schisandra propionate, which have successfully achieved industrialization and internationalization through collaborative innovation between industry, academia and research, and provided a "Chinese solution" for hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory treatment.
Listed in 2001, bicyclool tablets are the first new chemical drugs with international independent intellectual property rights in China. The two varieties have novel chemical structure, clear pharmacological effect and affirmative clinical value, and belong to the self-created and world-first researched biphenyl structure derivatives. Biphenyl diesters have been listed in the previous editions of the National Essential Drugs List, and dicyclool has been recommended by more than ten professional guidelines and consensus for the treatment of a variety of liver diseases.
Seventh, the development of artificial musk and its industrialization: "no musk is also incense" writes legends
Musk is a precious Chinese herbal medicine in China, which has the effect of opening up the spirit, activating blood and menstruation, reducing swelling and pain. The annual demand for musk is more than 15 tons, but only about 50,000 male musk are left in China, even if all of them are hunted, only 0.5 tons of musk are obtained. Therefore, in 1975, the Ministry of Health organized a research group to carry out the development of artificial musk with a "top secret" project.
Academician Yu Dequan (left), one of the developers of artificial musk, is working
Led by the Institute of Pharmacology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the project is based on the bionic idea of "chemical classification of homosexuality, biological activity consistency, physical and chemical property similarity, safety, low toxicity", innovatively proposed artificial musk composition strategy, through preclinical and clinical trials, successfully developed artificial musk with similar efficacy and safety to natural musk, and won the national class I new drug certificate; overcame the technical difficulties affecting the production of products, determined the key process conditions and technical parameters, and innovatively established the core technology of industrialization. Successfully achieved large-scale production.
The project fundamentally solves the historical problem of long-term insufficient supply of musk, ensures the normal production of chinese proprietary Chinese medicines containing musk, and meets the major needs of the country.
VIII. The first case of AIDS patient detection and prevention and treatment system of emerging infectious diseases in China: it has shown its skills in responding to sudden epidemics
AIDS is a highly harmful infectious disease caused by infection with the human virus (HIV). Peking Union Medical College Hospital reported the first case of AIDS in China in 1985, which opened the prelude to the prevention and treatment of AIDS in China.
In the past 30 years, this project has combined basic research and clinical translation, and has obtained a series of innovative achievements: research and development of hive-resistant clinical treatment programs suitable for national conditions. It provides key technical support and scientific basis for China to significantly improve the effectiveness of AIDS treatment, greatly reduce the case fatality rate, and eliminate the panic of the people about AIDS.
The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences also organized personnel to carry out the "research on the discovery, treatment and prevention of pathogens of emerging infectious diseases", and achieved a series of remarkable achievements. It has established the world's first and most systematic animal model resource library for major infectious diseases; innovatively established animal models with multi-species references and multiple infection routes, which is the only domestic and most systematic animal model resource library for major infectious diseases in China; and created a new pathogen combination screening technology system, which basically solves the international problem of combining the detection of known pathogens and identifying unknown pathogens.
Successfully developed the world's first inactivated vaccine to prevent EV71 virus infection. In clinical trials, inactivated vaccines have benefited tens of thousands of children under test, with a protection rate of 97.3%, effectively reducing the incidence and severe and mortality of hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by EV71, and achieving good social benefits.
9. The creation of Chinese medical cytogenetics and disease gene research: unremitting exploration to crack the code of life
Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that combines genetics with cytology. The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, together with a number of clinical hospitals, has created cytogenetics in China and carried out genetic research on genetic diseases and complex diseases.
In 1961, Professor Wu Min, the founder of medical genetics in China, established the first cytogenetics research group in China, pioneered the research of human cytogenetics and tumor cytogenetics in China, and measured the basic data and pattern diagrams of Chinese cell chromosomes. This is not only the first and most complete basic chromosome data in China, but also the most detailed reference material in this regard in the world at that time.
In 1963, Concord first established the medical genetics discipline system, and achieved a series of achievements in the genetic diagnosis and enzymatic diagnosis of single gene diseases. Wu Guanyun pioneered the genetic diagnosis of genetic diseases in China, and the research results in the prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia won the first national award in the field of genetic diagnosis of genetic diseases in China.
X. Clinical Application, Theoretical Basis and Technology Promotion of Autologous Stem Cells: Singing the "Voice of China" on the International Stage
The Blood Disease Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences is the largest state-level scientific research hematology medical institution in China, and is an empirical evidence of the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases and hematology research in China.
In 1986, Professor Yan Wenwei successfully performed the first autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in China. Since then, Professor Han Zhongchao and others have pioneered new technologies for the treatment of ischemic diseases of the lower limbs by in vitro peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, benefiting many patients. Professor Cheng Tao led the development of major research projects in many countries such as "Research on the Regulatory Mechanism of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance, Aging and Regeneration", and many of the results were published in the world's top journals.
The series of stem cell-related technologies developed by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for many years have won many national awards, including the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. The "Tianjin Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank" established by the Blood Disease Hospital is one of the first cord blood banks in China to pass the practice acceptance, and has now become one of the largest autologous stem cell banks in the world.
People are supreme, life is supreme. Health is an inevitable requirement for promoting the all-round development of people, the basic condition for economic and social development, an important symbol of national prosperity and national prosperity, and the common pursuit of the broad masses of the people. The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College will continue to focus on the construction of people's lives and health, and strive to become an advanced ideological source and a strong source of power for national medical research and education.
Pay attention to the headline number of "Peking Union Medical College Recruitment" for more exciting information!
The source of this article is the official website of Peking Union Medical College and People's Daily News