Who killed Snow White? | The drama is good

The weekend is coming to an end again, so let's take an academic look at a reasoning-themed Japanese movie released in 2014, "Snow White Murders".

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by Li Linyan

In the National Forest Park, an ol was brutally murdered. She died after being stabbed in the body, and was later burned to coke by the killer. The case caused a sensation in Japan, because the company where the deceased Noriko Miki worked produced a soap called Snow White, and because Noriko Miki was recognized as a beauty by the company, the case was called "Snow White Murder Incident" by netizens. Yuji Akashi, who works for the TV station, accidentally receives a phone call from his ex-girlfriend, Sasuke Kano, and learns that Noriko is Rishako's senior in the workplace, and in Rishako's account, the deceased is not only beautiful, but also kind-hearted, helpful, and like Snow White. Akahoshi further learns that Mihime Kinino, who joined Noriko at the same time, has the greatest suspicion, and that this person has now been declared missing. In order to become an internet celebrity to save his career from a slump, Akasho single-handedly interrogates Noriko and the people around Kinano. While seemingly close to the truth, the distance of the eyes is more and more confusing.

In the following narrative, the film borrows the lens of TV reporter Yuji, and we see the suspects in different populations. First, three of Mihime Kinino's colleagues, the first colleague was the company's "Gossip Pass", who identified Kinino as the murderer; the second colleague was the section chief who had a relationship with Kinino, who denied interacting with Jono; the third colleague witnessed Kinino rushing to the train station. These pieced together images point the murderer to the city.

Yuji took the footage back to the television station, and the host and guests speculated about Joshiro's motives for killing and whether the crime was feasible. After the program was broadcast, network public opinion was very loud, netizens have expressed their opinions, some think that Chengye is the murderer, some express doubts, at this time "accidentally" leaked the name of Chengye, and a "human flesh search" against Chengye began. There are also netizens who call themselves Josano's girlfriends who blew themselves up in the university era, leading Yuji to a deeper investigation.

This time, he investigated The students of The same level of Kinino, and in the story of "Cursed Football Captain" and "Fire of the Lord Of The Gods" narrated by the three students, Kinino became a marginal person with a dark personality and curse ability. When asked about the mother of the other protagonist of the fire incident, Yuko, she directly pointed out that Kinino was an arsonist. Seino's parents do not know The whereabouts of Kinino, and in front of Yuji's camera, they think that their daughter is the murderer and cry for everyone to forgive Kinino.

At this point, Chengye has been convicted of being a murderer by public opinion, Andiino is not able to bear the rumors, and when he is ready to commit suicide, the truth is revealed, Rishazi is the murderer, and Michino is the object of Rishako's careful arrangement to carry the black pot. This time, internet public opinion turned to the city and demanded an apology from the TV station.

In the film, there are serious reporting inaccuracies in the television media, and in the process of reporting the news, the distance between the news and the truth is confused. Walter Lippmann wrote in his 1922 public opinion: "News and truth are not the same thing... The function of the press is simply to make an event more prominent" or to make it known; "the function of the truth is to explain hidden facts, to make them interconnected, to form an image of reality, so that people can act on them as a reference. ”

Judging from this story, Yuji's motivation for conducting the investigation is problematic — not to seek the truth, but to become an internet celebrity and save his career in television. At the same time, Yuji's investigation has been misled by the murderer, the colleagues questioned are deliberately arranged by the murderer in advance, and the self-proclaimed girlfriend of Kinino and Yukiko have a direct interest in Shirono, and the accounts of these sources are unreliable. What's more, Yuji did not have the permission of the person concerned when recording the video of the head of the class.

The law imposes strict rules on witnesses, "Witnesses can testify about things they have been in direct contact with, such as external facts that actually exist, what they heard and saw, but witnesses usually cannot prove that the other person thinks or feels something while talking, unless the other person explicitly says it." Second-hand accounts — what other witnesses told witnesses to see — are also often not accepted. The law classifies it as "hearsay," and some second-hand narratives are adopted only under certain conditions. [1] Seeing does not equal knowing, "in the eyes of lawyers and police, even a direct witness does not mean that his or her account is reliable." Leaving aside for the moment those who intentionally mislead or lie. But even if someone witnesses a news event with their own eyes and wants to provide an accurate and fair narrative, their memory can be wrong. They may not notice certain details, or they may want to appear to know more. Some events that never happened, after being reminded, may insist that the false memory is real. As a result, lawyers now ask questions about the accuracy of the eyewitness's memory and whether they have been helped by others during the process of memory formation. ”[2]

According to the book Truth: How to Know What to Believe in the Age of Information Overload, one element in judging the credibility of eyewitness sources is to look at how long news events have occurred; the second is to see if the narrative can be corroborated by other sources. (The sources of mutual support are independent of each other and cannot repeat the same second-hand narratives heard from the same people), and from these points of view, the material used by Yuji is unreliable. The sources are not independent of each other, and Yuji's process of tracking down the source is carefully arranged by the murderer, and the incident of the cursed fire occurred 14 years ago, and the purpose of identifying Kinino as the murderer is to remove the responsibility for the fire from her own daughter. "People's memories are fabricated, people will only pick up memories that are beneficial to themselves, and say", Chengye's friend told the truth, and in the case that everyone only said that they were beneficial and fabricated memories, how could the TV reporter conclude that the murderer was Chengye on this basis?

And the special programs arranged by the TV station belong to the so-called "assertive news". On television, print, or online media, one of the obvious hallmarks of assertive journalism is that it allows newsmakers to recite prepared ideas without questioning. In assertive journalism, the person manipulating the report (the source) has more influence and power. [3] In the show, the host's discourse orientation is based on the assumption that Jono is the murderer, the host and guest speculate whether Jono's motive is vendetta or love killing, whether it is feasible to rush to the train station after killing, and when a guest says "I don't know, I don't know", the producer of the TV station directly asks the guest to say "maybe" through the headset. The way the TV station resorts to motives directly attributes the case to the psychological factors of the suspect, which not only makes the case difficult to prove, but also the laziness of "thinking". In Milton's Freedom of the Press, he sketches a free market for truth, but the reality is more complex, and the truth will only come out if the news topic is investigated continuously. However, the media and the public have very short attention to most news; second, it believes that false information entering the market will be weeded out over time and with the deepening of the investigation. However, "the truth is still in the shoes, the lies have run all over the world", in this case, the truth has not yet been revealed, and Shirono has planned to commit suicide.

Moreover, this film is a very typical case of media trials and how the media can discern the truth. The so-called news trial was originally called "newspaper trial", and later expanded to include electronic media such as radio and television "media trial", and in recent years with the rise of Internet-based public opinion, it has also been called "public opinion trial". According to scholars' definitions, public opinion adjudication refers to the use of news reports or comments by the news media to interfere with and influence judicial independence and judicial impartiality. Its manifestation method is mainly that the media goes beyond judicial procedures to make public judgments and conclusions on a series of issues such as the case analysis, case characterization, and conviction and sentencing of the case being tried, and guides the audience with its obvious tendency to form a public opinion atmosphere that can affect the independent adjudication of the judiciary, so that the trial loses its impartiality to varying degrees. [4]

Under the false reports of the television media, public opinion has brought great pressure to Miki Shirono. The report points out that Kinano has a dark personality and a jealous personality, appealing to unverifiable evil motives. When the report was widely watched, it set off a climax of "human flesh search" and "public opinion trial". Although the starting point of most netizens is to promote justice, punish adultery and punish evil, but the vast majority of netizens do not go to find evidence, check the truth of the facts, and many netizens have a certain bias at the beginning, through communication to strengthen the tendency, and eventually may form extreme views and behaviors, resulting in unfairness to the object of condemnation, more importantly, conformist psychology makes most netizens blindly follow the trend in network public opinion, affecting people's understanding of the authenticity of the incident and causing significant harm to the parties. [5]

[1] Bill Kovac, Tom Rosenstier. The Truth: How to Know What to Believe in the Age of Information Overload [m]. Chinese University Press:Chinese University Press, 2014.

[2] Same as 1

[3] Bill Kovac, Tom Rosenstyle. Ten basic principles of journalism[m]. Chinese University Press:Chinese University Press, 2011.

Mu Mingchun. Mechanism and countermeasures of "media trial"[j]. Modern Communication,2005,01:64-66.

Kong Deqin,Chen Peng. Causes of negative effects of "online media trial"[j]. Newsworld,2010,02:87-88.

How should the media report investigative incidents? In the report, the media should be calm to the audience, clearly and clearly tell the public what they know, how to know, what they do not know, and what aspects of the investigation need to be carried out. In the initial report, there was indeed a stage where it was impossible to go beyond the superficial accuracy. However, in the subsequent follow-up report, the media needs to supplement the errors and omissions in the previous reports, and then investigate, write the third and fourth reports, and so on. Each new level will incorporate different background material and verification.

In this regard, Professor Chen Lidan also suggested that the media's supervision of the judiciary needs to do the following: First, the report must not be deliberately hyped, and a serious attitude of respecting the facts must be shown. Second, follow journalistic ethics and comment only on existing trial results, rather than influencing trials before they are decided. Third, the media's commentaries are limited to the scope of opinions, cannot pursue sensational plots, and do not have the meaning of public opinion judgment. Fourth, it is necessary to maintain contact with the judicial and discipline inspection departments at higher levels in order to obtain support, which can ensure that the supervision is appropriate and that judicial acts that are obviously non-professional operations are faced with highly professional operations. [1]

As netizens, we also need to distinguish what is the truth in the multitude of information, do not become a part of the transmission of false information, online violence, Bill Kovac and Tom Rosenstie said in the book "The Truth", as an audience, we must do the following six steps to ensure that the era of information overload knows what to believe:

Step 1: Identify what you're exposed to;

Step 2: Identify whether a news report is complete;

Step 3: Evaluate the source;

Step 4: Assess the evidence;

Step 5: Explore how the latest news models use evidence or interfere with evidence, and determine what type of news you see is key;

Step 6: Take a general look at whether you have gotten the information you need from the news.

For important and complex reporting, the whole public and private discussion joins in as part of the search for the truth, evolving the investigation into a normalized, testable process so that even if the truth is a bottomless pit, we can approach the truth indefinitely and media trials can be avoided.

Chen Lidan. A Brief Discussion on Public Opinion Supervision and Judicial Justice[eb].http://www.mediainchina.com/pages/xsyjy/xsjd/2003-11-13/1219.htm .

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