9. Fight for permanent peace
(57) [Case: This paragraph can also be regarded as Chairman Mao's general view on World War II. The protracted nature of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the struggle for permanent peace in China and the world are inseparable [Case: The relationship between China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and permanent peace in the world. It is a relationship that cannot be separated. China's situation is closely linked to the world, and China's national conditions and the world's situation are inseparable. 】。 There is no historical period where war is as close to permanent peace as it is today. There is clearly a lot of optimism here. 】。 Due to the emergence of classes, human life has been full of wars for thousands of years, and every nation has fought many wars, either within national groups or between national groups. Here's a brief explanation. The class struggle is the root cause of war. 】。 When it comes to the imperialist period of capitalist society, the war is fought on a particularly large scale and with a special brutality [Case: What are the characteristics of imperialist wars, which are particularly cruel and extensive, because imperialism is universal, and it is impossible for a war not to be universal. Because imperialism uses happy technology and machine production, the efficiency of war cannot be inefficient, and therefore it cannot be cruel. 】。 / The First Imperialist War, twenty years ago, was unprecedented in the history of the past, but it was not yet a war of the last [Case: Characteristics of the First World War. 】。 Only the war that has begun at the present time is close to the final war, that is, close to the permanent peace of mankind [case: the unique value of World War II at that time. 】。 At present, a third of the world's population has gone to war, you see, Italy, Japan, Abyssinia, Spain, China. The countries that participated in the war had a total population of almost 60,000, or almost one-third of the world's population. In the end, a total of 1.7 billion people from 61 countries and regions [more than three-quarters of the world's population] participated in World War II. 】。 The current war is characterized by an uninterrupted and near-permanent peace character. [Case: Interruption is from the course of war. After Italy fought Abyssinia, then Italy fought Spain, Germany also took a stake, and then Japan fought with China. Who else will follow? There will be no doubt that Hitler will continue to fight with the great powers. "Fascism is war" (20) [Case: Mao Xuan's original note: In August 1935, Dimitrov said in his report to the Seventh Congress of the Communist International: "Fascism is unbridled chauvinism and a war of aggression. In July 1937, he published a paper entitled "Fascism is War." Not bad at all. The current war will not be interrupted between the development of the world war, and the war disaster of mankind is inevitable [case: The uninterrupted nature of war is the same today, but the form has changed: that is, economic warfare, scientific and technological warfare, trade warfare, intelligence warfare, espionage warfare, public opinion warfare, biological warfare, network warfare, and other forms of warfare are intertwined and cannot be separated, and they are superimposed on each other, so the war is characterized by uninterrupted. The vast majority of people are in the middle of a war and don't know it. Because in everyone's understanding, war is in the form of guns, airplanes, tanks, and vehicles. Hot war, just standing in one form, is the most intense form of war. It is therefore the shortest form of war, although hot war is the decisive form of warfare. 】。 / Why is it said that this war is close to permanent peace? This war took place on the basis of the development of the general crisis of world capitalism that had already begun in the First World War [case: The "theory of the general crisis of capitalism" was applied here. The concept of a "general crisis of capitalism" was first proposed by Stalin in 1927. From the very beginning, this theory was linked to revolution and war. The "Textbook of Political Economy", written under the direction of Stalin, defines the "general crisis of capitalism" as follows: "The general crisis of capitalism is the general crisis of the entire world capitalist system, characterized by war and revolution, the struggle between dying capitalism and growing socialism. The general crisis of capitalism encompasses all aspects of capitalism, both economic and political. The basis of this crisis is, on the one hand, the increasing disintegration of the capitalist world economic system and, on the other, the growing economic power of the countries that have left capitalism". The theory of the "general crisis of capitalism" is the concretization and an important part of the theory of the times. The so-called "general crisis" means that the crisis of capitalism has swept not only the economic sphere of capitalism, but also "all aspects of capitalist relations such as the state system, social structure, politics, ideology, etc." The CPSU believed that a change in the balance of power in the world in favor of socialism was the main reason for the general crisis of capitalism. The general crisis of capitalism is divided into 3 stages: the first is marked by the victory of the First World War and the October Revolution. The second stage was marked by the Second World War and the emergence of a series of socialist countries in Europe and Asia. At the end of the 50s of the 20th century, the capitalist colonial system collapsed and the internal contradictions of the capitalist countries sharpened, which marked the third stage of the general crisis of capitalism. As a result of this general crisis, the capitalist countries are forced into a new war, and above all the fascist countries are forced to engage in the adventure of a new war. This whole sentence is talking about the origins of World War II, or why World War II took place. A general crisis will inevitably lead to a war waged by capitalism and imperialism. This should be regarded as a law, a scientific principle. Judging from today, this general crisis is very long, and it belongs to the era of the proletarian revolution. It was the era of the proletarian revolution since Lenin proposed imperialism. The epoch of the proletarian revolution, the imperialist revolution, is the epoch of the general crisis of the bourgeoisie, and this is the two sides of this epoch. Therefore, the era of this general crisis is relatively long, sometimes it will be tense, and sometimes it will be relatively relaxed. But on the whole, imperialism is declining more and more, and in order to save its own death, imperialism will die and struggling, create tension, and launch wars to save itself. As a result, the overall international situation is becoming more and more tense, and this is the basic pattern and development trend. From the point of view of the proletariat and the broad Third World, it is necessary to step up preparations for armed struggle. During the period of the general crisis, there was no world war since World War II, and for a long time it was because the existence of the socialist camp played a restraining role. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the great setback of socialism, there were more local wars. In particular, after the rapid expansion of capitalism around the world, it caused the outward migration of industries and accelerated the recession, and in order to save the recession and extinction, it could only continue to wage wars, divert contradictions, plunder foreign countries to replenish itself, attack opponents, rob the market, or suppress resistance. Especially with the decline of imperialism, the more wars of resistance there are, the more imperialism suppresses resistance, and the more natural wars there are. To put it simply, the socialist camp will expand twice, and it will grow bigger and bigger, and eventually it will have an advantage in both quantity and quality, and it will form an overwhelming advantage over imperialism. This has led to a frenzied counterattack by imperialism and thus to launch various provocative wars. Wars are interconnected and will eventually lead to a world war that will overthrow capitalism in one fell swoop. In general, as the decline of imperialism deepens, the degree of general crisis deepens, war, and especially world war, will become inevitable. Before the second time the power of socialism completely surpassed US imperialism, US imperialism was most likely to strangle socialism by the means of starting a world war, because your strength at this time was not enough, and it was a good time to be stifled. But strangulation must not succeed. We generally say that socialism is more powerful than imperialism and it is possible to prevent a world war, but at present it is unlikely, imperialism will not sit back and wait for you to develop and grow, and we have already deeply felt the war launched by the United States in 2018 against us in all other forms except for the hot war. In particular, we have seen that the United States has taken extreme punitive measures against Russia, such as the introduction of an international settlement system, and we have also felt the thoroughness of the imperialist attack on the mainland and the vast world beyond its control. That's why we can see that Russia is desperately resisting and completely falling to the East. This means that imperialism can no longer sit idly by and watch you develop, and cannot sit idly by and watch you develop beyond its control. So far, however, there has not been a hot war between China and the United States, but there has been a military struggle. The Americans have been on the verge of wiping fire many times. If the current non-military war against us does not produce results, then only military action remains. Without the use of military action, Western imperialism would have been left to stare at the second growth of socialism. Marx said: "All historical facts and characters appear twice, the first time in tragedy, the second in comedy." Marx's remark is to be confirmed in the inevitable historical trend of the second socialist growth. In fact, we know that it is too late for Westerners to strangle us today. There is not a single historical period in New China that has left a loophole for Westerners to exploit. Even at the end of the eighties, no. 】。 We can foresee that the outcome of this war will not be the salvation of capitalism, but its collapse. This is also the result of the war that the United States is waging at the moment, heading for its own collapse. That is, it may be the last war in human history. Of course, if the United States is eliminated, there will certainly be wars, but after the elimination of party imperialism, there will only be smaller and fewer conflicts of nation-states, and these conflicts should be easily resolved, and the development of society will develop more and more towards socialism, and there will be fewer and fewer reasons for waging war. Let me ask, after the collapse of the imperialist United States, where will there be a second imperialist that can take over the successor? Is it impossible for Russia? Russia is currently on the verge of collapse. India can only break out a revolutionary war, although this war may also be extremely cruel, but this is the first war in thousands of years in which the Indian people overthrow their caste system and establish a truly equal and free country, and this war took place before and after the fall of US imperialism, and it is all of a socialist nature and cannot be of any other nature, and the new India in the future can only move towards socialism under public ownership, and it cannot be any other doctrine. 】。 This war will be bigger and more brutal than the war of 20 years ago, all nations will inevitably be involved, the war will drag on for a long time, and mankind will suffer a great deal of suffering. In the future, unless the United States collapses on its own, the war that will occur will be even more brutal than World War II. The Russia-Ukraine war has already provided a very good example. We have to be ready. 】。 But due to the existence of the USSR [case: the existence of the USSR. Today, China must carry the banner of socialism and communism, and see the future for the people of the world. and the increase in the consciousness of the people of the world [Case: The consciousness of the people of the world has increased, and this point is even more improved today. It is even more conducive to opposing the war. There will undoubtedly be a great revolutionary war in this war against all counter-revolutionary wars, and this war will have the character of a war for permanent peace. Our war against US imperialism is also of the character of a war for permanent peace, which today seems more likely. At that time, US imperialism was still vigorous and vigorous, but today, US imperialism is already dying, and the key is that there is no second country that can take over the baton, unlike Italy in the Mediterranean, followed by the Netherlands in the north, followed by Spain and Portugal, and then followed by Britain and France. After that came the United States. In particular, after Britain stepped down as the world hegemon, the United States took over as the successor world imperialist hegemon, but today, there is no such thing after the United States. Therefore, we say that the war to bring down US imperialism has the nature of fighting for permanent peace, and at present, the history of human wars may have reached the final stage of history. 】。 Even if there is still a period of war after that, it is not far from the permanent peace of the world. 】。 Once humanity has eliminated capitalism, it will reach an era of permanent peace, when there will be no more wars. Then there will be no army, no warships, no military planes, no poison gas. From now on, mankind will not be able to see war for billions of years. The essence of war lies in the realization of class oppression. As for the occupation of territory, the massacre of people, the looting of property, the destruction of culture, this is only a form of expression, a fundamental realization of class oppression. War, of course, but on the other hand, is a rebellion against this oppression. 】。 The revolutionary war that has already begun is part of this war for permanent peace [Case: The relationship between the Chinese's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and permanent world peace. 】。 The war between China and Japan, which accounts for more than 50,000 people, will play an important role in this war. In fact, it is said here that the liberation of the Chinese nation is liberated from the war for permanent peace, which puts the war waged by the Chinese nation for liberation on the high plane of fighting for permanent peace in the world. This is an extremely high evaluation and affirmation of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Naturally, it is also to boost the fighting spirit of the vast number of soldiers. Here, in the same way, Chairman Mao saw China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression as a worldwide military-political, military action, part of the world's war for peace. Here we regard China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression as an inseparable relationship with world peace and war. Again, we see here that if Mao Zedong Thought is defined as Marxism in general, the result of combining it with the actual situation in China is narrow-minded. Because in fact, Chairman Mao regarded China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression as a part of the World Anti-Fascist War and as a part of the world's war for permanent peace, so he naturally regarded China as a part closely related to the world. And there is a separation between China and the world. 】。 The liberated new China in the future cannot be separated from the liberated new world in the future [case: This is the relationship between the world and China. In fact, whether it is the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression or the envisioned post-liberation China, it cannot be separated from the world. 】。 Therefore, our War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression contains the nature of fighting for permanent peace. 】。
(58) Wars in history are divided into two categories, one is just and the other is unjust [case: War is divided into two categories. 】。 All wars of progress are just, and all wars that hinder progress are unjust. Nor does war be defined here in terms of whether it is aggression or not, but in terms of progress or hindrance. 】。 We, the Communists, oppose all unjust wars that hinder progress, but we do not oppose the just wars of progress. 】。 With regard to the latter type of war, we Communists not only do not oppose it, but actively participate in it. 】。 In the former type of war, such as the First World War, both sides fought for imperialist interests, so the communists of the world were resolutely opposed to that war. The method of opposition is to try to prevent the outbreak of war before it breaks out, and after the outbreak of war, whenever possible, to use war against war, and to use just war against unjust war [case: On the case of the First World War, but the formulation here is different from Lenin's formulation, which is to defeat the motherland. Here I guess Chairman Mao was afraid that the peasant generals below would not understand, so he did not say Lenin's method. If it were to be said, Chiang Kai-shek would have to overturn. This is a practical example. If a reasonable explanation is given, then Chairman Mao's vague statement here about using a just war against injustice can of course also include a war that makes the imperialist motherland fail. 】。 / Japan's war is a war, and the people of the world, including the Japanese people, should oppose and are opposing [Bill: Classifying the war waged by the Japanese as an injustice is fundamentally an obstacle to progress, pay attention to this. Judging from the content of the protracted war, the final defeat of the Japanese was actually a defeat in this injustice, that is, a war that was not progressive. However, this is also a matter of no choice, capitalism can no longer make any progress at that time, not to mention that the Japanese themselves are still dragging the tail of a feudal landlord era. The Japanese are even less able to progress. 】。 In China, from the people to the government, from the Communist Party to the Kuomintang, we all raised the banner of righteousness and waged a national revolutionary war against aggression. 】。 Our war is sacred, just, progressive, and peace-seeking [case: war characterization. 】。 Seek not only the peace of one country, but also the peace of the world, not only temporary peace, but also permanent peace. The purpose of the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japan. 】。 If you want to achieve this goal, you must fight to the death, you must be prepared for all sacrifices, persevere to the end, and if you do not achieve your goal, you must never stop [case: Prepare for sacrifice, fight to the death. 】。 Although the sacrifice is great and the time is long, the new world of eternal peace and eternal light has been clearly laid before us. 】。 Our conviction in engaging in war is based on this new China and the new world striving for eternal peace and eternal light. From the very beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chairman Mao saw a contribution to the world. 】。 Fascism and imperialism want to prolong the war for an indefinite period, and we want to end it in the near future. To end war is to achieve peace. Peace is the end of war. That is, the purpose of war. 】。 To this end, the majority of humanity should exert great efforts [case: the efforts of all mankind. 】。 The 450 million Chinese, who account for a quarter of all mankind, can work together to defeat Japanese imperialism [case: 1] and create a free and equal new China [case: 2], and their contribution to the struggle for permanent peace in the world [case: 3] is undoubtedly very great [case: three victories, then the contribution of the Chinese will be very great. 】。 This hope is not empty [case: not empty checks. The world's socio-economic journey has approached this point [Case: This is actually saying that imperialism is coming to an end, and imperialism has entered a stage of dying throes. With the efforts of the majority, decades of work will definitely be able to achieve the goal.
[Case: It can be seen from here that verses 1 to 58 are part of why the protracted war was fought and why the final victory was China. Then you will get into the question of how to do it and how not to do it. In this way, the protracted war can be roughly divided into two major parts. 】