【School Profile】Baoding Army Officer School, referred to as "Baoding Military School", was founded in the twenty-eighth year of the Qing Dynasty (1902), discontinued in the twelfth year of the Republic of China (1923), is the first regular army military school in modern Chinese history, the school site is in Baoding City, Hebei Province (formerly called Zhili), formerly known as the Qing Dynasty Beiyang Xingying General Ben School, Beiyang Rapid Military Preparation School, Tongguo Army Rapid Military Preparation School, Beiyang Army Accelerated School, Army Officer School, after the Republic of China changed to Baoding Army Officer School, It was the highest military academy in China before the Whampoa Military Academy. The school's original head was Feng Guozhang, then known as the General Office (i.e., the principal), who was replaced by Duan Qirui in 1906; later Jiang Baili, an expert in military theory, and Qu Tongfeng, who served as the commander-in-chief of the Anhui Army in the Second Zhiwan War, served as principals successively. If you count from the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Baoding Military Academy has run 9 sessions, with more than 6,000 graduates; if you count from the Beiyang Accelerated Military Preparation School, the Baoding Military Academy has trained nearly 10,000 officers. More than 1,600 of them received the title of general, and these people were all over the military and political circles of the time, playing a very important role in China's modern political arena. Representative figures include Chiang Kai-shek, Ye Ting, Li Jishen, Bai Chongxi, Zhang Zhizhong, Fu Zuoyi, Xue Yue, Chen Cheng, and Zhang Qun. School motto: trustworthiness, punctuality, hard reading, diligent practice, love of school, patriotism.
【Historical Evolution】In November 1901, Li Hongzhang, the governor and minister of Beiyang, died of illness, and Yuan Shikai took over his post in Baoding. According to the "Xinugu Treaty", the training instructors of the small station were not allowed to be stationed near Tianjin, so they were also moved to Baoding. In 1902, Yuan Shikai created a standing army (new army) outside Baoding Dongguan and set up a military and political department (the rotating supervision and training office), under which there were 3 departments of armament, staff and coach, with Liu Yongqing, Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang as the general office. In May, with yuan shikai's permission, the Beiyang Xingying General Ben School was opened outside the Dongguan in Baoding, with Feng Guozhang as the general office (that is, the principal). In February 1903, Yuan Shikai asked yuan shikai to open an army primary school, a middle school hall, and a university hall for formal military education and training. Later, the Beiyang Army Accelerated Military Preparation School was built in Baoding, the predecessor of the Baoding Military Academy. In August 1903, the first enrollment of the academy began. In 1906, in order to unify the military system and return the military power to the central government, the Qing government established the War Department, and in August of the same year, the school was discontinued, and the Tongguo Army Accelerated Military Preparation School was established on the site of the school, which was directly under the jurisdiction of the central government. From 1906 to 1911, the Beiyang War Department Army Accelerated School, the Army Officers' Academy, and the Army Preparatory University Hall were opened at the Baoding Campus. In 1912, after Yuan Shikai became the The President of the Republic of China, he appointed Duan Qirui as the chief of the army, and in July of that year, with the approval of the War Department, the Army Preparatory University hall was moved to Beijing and renamed the Army University; in October, the Baoding Army Officer School was opened on the original site of Baoding, and the first president was Zhao Litai, a close confidant of Duan Qirui. When the Second Revolution broke out in July 1913, students from Liangguang, Lianghu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian, and Sichuan provinces used the military academy to run to Jiangxi and other places during the summer vacation to participate in anti-Yuan operations, and did not return to school until the end of March of the following year. In 1920, the Zhiwan War broke out, the warlords of the direct family took the officers and men of the 15th Anhui Division after the surrender into the Baoding Military Academy, because they could not get the pay in time, the officers and men of the 15th Division mutinied, looted the general school, and set fire to the school house; when Cao Kun sent troops to suppress it, he took the opportunity to loot 2,000 rifles and 300 mules and horses, so that the school could not resume classes. In August 1923, baoding military school was closed. Cao Kun moved the Lecture Hall of the Caohe Office to the former site of the military academy. After the fall of Cao Kun, the lecture hall was suspended, and the military academy successively became a barracks for the direct, Feng, and Kuomintang armies, and every time there was a change of defense, the school building was destroyed once. After the July 7 Incident in 1937, it became an important base for the Japanese invading army in Baoding. After the japanese surrender in 1945, the school building was demolished; after the liberation of Baoding, the military academy was converted into a farm and converted into a livestock farm. In 1993, the site was announced as a cultural relics protection unit of Hebei Province, and in June of the same year, the Baoding Military Academy Memorial Hall Was established. In 1995, the first phase of the memorial hall imitating the architectural style of the original military academy was completed on the site. In 2002, it was expanded to 12 acres and the review deck was restored. In 2002, it invested 140 million yuan to build baoding military academy square, the largest in north China, and opened it to the public. In 2003, the Baoding Military Academy Memorial Hall was officially opened. In 2006, the former site of the school was approved by the State Council to become the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
【School Contribution】
The reason why Baoding Military Academy is famous at home and abroad is inseparable from its talent generation and great influence on China's modern history. There were 6,553 graduates in the 11 years after the reform of the Republic of China alone, and many of them became well-known figures in the history of China's modern revolution, and made immortal contributions to the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. For example, Ye Ting was a famous military general of our party, and the "iron army" he led during the Northern Expedition war made the enemy feel frightened and served as the commander of the New Fourth Army during the War of Resistance Against Japan; zhao Bosheng and Dong Zhentang martyrs were famous leaders of the Ningdu Uprising; Zhao Bosheng was the deputy commander-in-chief and chief of staff of the Red Fifth Army; dong Zhentang was the commander of the Red Fifth Army, and he successively sacrificed himself for the cause of the revolution. Zhang Kexia and He Jifeng, underground party members and former deputy commanders of the Kuomintang 33rd Group Army, led the 59th Army and the 77th Army to revolt at the critical juncture of the Huaihai Campaign, respectively, and made major contributions to the smooth victory in the Huaihai Campaign; He Zhuguo and Wang Changjiang also made contributions to the revolutionary cause.
Many of the school's graduates also became the backbone of the democratic revolution, such as He Guanzhong and Li Jishen, the elder of the Xinhai Revolution and the sixth brother of He Ziyuan, the main ally of Jiaying Prefecture of the League, who participated in the Xinhai Revolution at the military academy. On the night of the Wuchang Uprising in Hubei Province on October 10, 1911, several of their military cadets resolutely sneaked out of the school and blew up the Caohe Iron Bridge, the main artery between the north and south, successfully preventing the Qing army from going south to suppress the rebel army, and winning valuable preparation time for the revolutionaries. After liberation, Li Jishen served as vice chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Ji Fang served as a platoon leader of the Death Squad of the Northern Expeditionary Army during the Xinhai Revolution, and then threw himself into the War against Yuan, and after liberation, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. General Zhang Tingfu, who was stationed in the fourth town of Wuhan, led two battalions of troops to conquer the Governor's Palace during the Xinhai Revolution, and was later assassinated. Sun Yue, commander of the Nationalist Three Armed Forces and deputy commander of the Beijing Garrison, joined the League when he was studying at the Baoding Military Academy, and used his residence as a secret meeting point for the Military Academy Alliance; in 1924, in cooperation with General Feng Yuxiang, he launched the Beijing Mutiny and arrested and imprisoned Cao Kun, president of the Beiyang warlord government, which promoted the process of Chinese history; after the Nationalist three armies under his leadership entered Baoding, they released Shi Wenbin, a member of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions who had been imprisoned by Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, Chen Limao, a cadre of the Changxindian Branch, He Liquan, president of the Baoding Branch, and Bai Yueyue, vice president, to participate. Two. VII "The general strike of the party and the trade unions responsible cadres. He Sui joined the League at the military academy, and later served as a staff officer of Wu Luzhen, the commander of the sixth town of Beiyang, actively assisted in the overthrow of the Imperial System of the Qing Dynasty, and participated in the revolutionary action of establishing the Great Governor's Palace of the Yan-Jin Coalition Army in Baoding.
In addition, Deng Yanda, Geng Yi, Liu Yuexi, Chen Mingshu, Wu Yiwu, Liu Ruxian, Zhou Jizhan, Li Jingrong, Zhou Sicheng, Shang Zhen, Wang Faqin, Huang Xi, Shen Tao, Wang Zizhai, Liu Jianfan, Ni Dexun, Zhang Wen, Tong Baoxuan, Zhang Bi, Wang Juqing, An Suoyan, Liu Yaokui, Qian Ding, and Fang Shengtao, Lü Gongwang, and Lin Zhiyuan of the Army Accelerated School all threw themselves into the Xinhai Revolution and the War against Yuan. There are also many people who have gone through a tortuous road and then joined the revolutionary camp, such as Zhang Zhizhong, Fu Zuoyi, Tao Zhiyue (founding general), Chu Xichun, Liu Wenhui and so on. Of course, many students at the Baoding Military Academy also became senior military and political figures of the Beiyang warlords and the Kuomintang counter-revolutionary camp, such as Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Qun, and Wang Bailing, students who graduated from the Army's Accelerated School; Bai Chongxi, Chen Cheng, Li Shuchun, and Qin Dechun, who graduated from the officer school; and Xiong Shihui, Gu Zhutong, Liu Zhi, Xue Yue, Luo Zhuoying, Ma Fawu, Zhou Zhirou, and other senior Kuomintang generals.
【Notable alumni】
Phase 1 (1,114 students enrolled in the fall of August 1912 and graduated in November 1914):
Zheng Dazhang, Tang Shengzhi, Dong Songheng, Jiang Guangnai, Liang Chunpu, Yan Xunfu, Fu Rujun, Wei Yisan, Gong Hao, Cao Shijie, Cao Haosen, Huang Huizu, Xia Shouxun, Yan Daogang, Zhou Jie, Zhou Jie, Zhou Jiu, Zhou Zuhuang, Rong Hongxi, Rong Zhen, Zhang Dingpan, Zhang Tingting, Zhang Dulun, Zhang Yu, Wu Shang, Yang Shisong, Yang Aiyuan, Su Bingwen, Liu Wendao, Liu Yuke, Men Bingyue, Men Zhizhong, Liu Fengchi, Wang Zhenhuai, Wang Tianpei, Zuo Shiyun, Feng Yipei, Tax Tiqing, Xiang Chuanyi, Li Bingzhi, Li Pinxian, Sun Chu, Sun Zhen, Li Shuchun, Li Xingzhong, Liu Muqun, Zhen Jiyin.
Phase 2 (956 students enrolled at the beginning of 1914 and graduated in May-June 1916):
Chen Ji, Chen Guodong, Chen Shufan, Chen Jijie, Chen Mingshu, Chen Dingxun, Li Yunjie, Du Chunyi, Liu Xing, Liu Zhi, Liu Wenhui, Liu Shangzhi, Li Jishen, He Guanzhong, Qi Xieyuan, Dai Fengxiang, Sun Yue, He Sui, Ma Xiaojun, Wang Bailing, Lü Gongwang, Liu Yuke, Liu Yufen, Sun Chuanfang, Deng Xihou, Wu Peifu, Wu Xintian, Li Jinglin, Li Dingxin, Chen Jiamo, Wang Yunan, Qin Dechun, Qin Shaoguan, Ye Qi, Feng Pengyi, Xing Zhennan, Zhou Huan, Shi Beiheng, Zhu Shaozhou, Liao Lei, Tang Junde, Fu Zhankui, Liang Peihuan, Xu Qiming, Tao Zhiyue, Huang Yin, Peng Chengfu, Xiong Shihui, Dai Yue.
3rd term (801 students enrolled in August 1914 and graduated in August 1916):
Xu Zuyi, Xu Tingyao, Xu Peigen, Xia Wei, Zhao Guantao, Tao Liu, Tao Jun, Huang Shaojun, Liang Chaojie, Cai Tingkai, Dai Ji, Zhou Bei, Zhou Fengqi, Yao Chun, He Weizhen, He Xuan, He Jian, Chen Yizhong, Chen Anbao, Xiao Shanling, Zhang Gang, Zhang Zhen, Zhang Yichun, Zhang Zhizhong, Chen Zhuo, Wu Shi, Zhu Chuanjing, Wang Tianming, Bai Chongxi, Mao Bingwen, Zhang Hao, Zhang Peimei, Zhang Liandi, Zhao Shouyu, Yao Chun, Tang Guomo, Shang Zhen, Jiang Hongyu, Tong Baoxuan, Yu Da, Wang Maogong, Jia Kang, Kong Qinggui, Lü Huanyan, Liu Jianxu, Liu Heding , Yang Xiaoou, Wu Guozhen, Yan Renyi.
4th term (1915 fall, 1917 fall graduation, 209 total):
Zhu Huaibing, Yin Chengfu, Wang Hanming, Liu Zushun, Liu Binggu, Wang Zhibin, Hu Zongduo, Peng Jinzhi, Cheng Ruhuai.
5th term (630 students enrolled in June 1916 and graduated in September 1918):
Zhang Yinwu, Wu Keren, Li Fuyi, Wang Jingguo, Bai Fengqing, Li Shengda, Yang Yaofang, Liu Yifei, Zheng, He Shaonan, Geng Youlin, Zhao Chengshou, Tang Yongliang, Zheng Junyan, Meng Xianji, Dong Yingbin, Lu Yinglin, Fu Zuoyi, Lai Shihuan, Chu Xichun.
6th term (1917, 1919 spring graduation, 1333 in total):
Lin Tinghua, Ouyang Ju, Zhou Hunyuan, Zhou Yuying, Hao Mengling, Zhao Bosheng, Hu Zuyu, Yu Hanmou, Chen Zongjin, Chen Gongxia, Shao Baichang, Wu Qiwei, Li Zhenqiu, Li Yangjing, Li Wentian, Shangguan Yunxiang, Niu Fanjiu, Deng Longguang, Deng Yanda, Ye Ting, Ye Zhao, Lü Chao, Lv Ruiying, Hua Zhenzhong, Zhu Huiri, Liu Maoen, Yang Jie, Yang Hongguang, Li Hanling, Ruan Xuanwu, Gu Zhutong, Xu Zhiqian, Guo Chen, Lü Jingcun, Tan Yi, Luo Cequn, Miao Peinan, Huang Qixiang, Huang Zhenqiu, Huang Zhenguo, Qin Lianfang, Han Hanying, Han Deqin , Peng Weiren, Peng Yubin, Fan Songfu, Xue Yue, He Zhuguo.
7th term (1917 fall semester, 191 fall graduates):
Chen Changjie, Huang Weigang.
8th term (638 students enrolled in August 1918 and graduated in July 1922):
Wan Yaohuang, Ma Fawu, Wang Dongyuan, Wang Yuying, Wang Jingsong, Wang Yizhe, Gu Dinghua, Shi Wengui, Shi Zebo, Kong Linggong, Liu Shaoxian, Liu Guangji, Liu Fengbin, Liu Zhennian, Liu Chunrong, Li Shilin, Han Dong, Zou Hong, Chen Cheng, Zhang Quan, Zhang Wenqing, Zhang Dongkai, Chen Kongda, Song Kentang, Liu Jiming, Zhou Xiangchu, Zhang Houwan, Zhou Zhirou, Guo Siyan, Han Xihou, Fu Zhongfang, Xu Liang, Gao Zhuodong, Hu Bohan, Pei Changhui, Gao Ziju, Xi Ensui, Luo Zhuoying.
9th period (702 students enrolled in October 1921 and graduated in August 1923):
Li Zongbi, Wang Jin, Liu Wanchun, Liu Duoquan, Li Jue, Mou Zhongheng, He Jifeng, Song Bangrong, Zhang Zhixing, Zhang Kexia, Zhang Shouling, He Zhizhi, Zhou Fucheng, Shi Zhongcheng, Guo Jijiao, Zhan Shutang, Dong Zhentang, Li Xingshu.
【Campus Overview】
The school is located 5 miles northeast of Baoding Old City, with a total area of about 1500 acres. It is more than 2 kilometers long from east to west, south vietnam is now Dongfeng East Road, north spanning both sides of present-day May Fourth East Road, and more than 1 kilometer long from north to south.
Originally a Guandi Temple with a temple of thousands of acres and a hundred temples, it was later converted into a barracks, and was burned down by the Eight-Nation Alliance in the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), and when the military academy was built, it was built using the original temple property and requisitioning adjacent land. There are four parts: the main campus of the whole school, the branch school (including the small teaching field), the large playground and the shooting range. The school headquarters is located in the center, covering an area of more than 180 acres. Its architectural pattern is modeled on the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School, which is a complex of brick and tile structures with a strict meteorological atmosphere: there are tall walls on all sides, and there are river rings outside the walls, and the ancient willows on both sides of the river are lined up; the gate of the military academy is on the south side, and there is a tall wall across the river; the gate tower is tall, 3 rooms wide, and its majesty can be compared with the gate of the Governor's Palace; the vermilion lacquer gate is decorated with copper nails and copper rings, and the lintel hangs a horizontal plaque with 6 big characters with the book "Army Officer School"; there are stone steps in front of the door, and the south road leads directly to the riverbank There is a pair of stone lions on both sides of the south road, and a flat bridge is built on the river to open up a large playground. The school is part of the north and south houses. The north courtyard is a living area.
The South Academy is the center and teaching area of the military academy, and is divided into three colleges: east, middle and west. The east and west courtyards are classrooms and student dormitories, each with 10 rows of green brick houses with a long corridor, the layout is symmetrical, there are corridors between each row of houses, and every two rows form an independent courtyard, the courtyard wall opens a moon-shaped door, and each courtyard lives about 1 company of students, commonly known as a company of Daozi. The Middle School has a school office and a monk's hall. The tall Shangwu Hall sits north and faces south, surrounded by stone bars, carved beams and paintings, and is magnificent. On both sides of the hall door there are vice-yang lian, which reads "Shang Father Yin Fu, Wu Hou Tao Strategy, Concise and Pondered into a Hall; Reporting the State's Aspirations, Bundled Hair Congrong, Xinxin Student Zi Si Wang". There is a long corridor in front of the hall that leads directly to the school gate. To the north of Sangmudo is a large empty temple. In the courtyard, there are two ancient poplar trees standing side by side, more than 5 meters tall, and a bronze bell hangs between the two trees. Because the magistrate often gives lectures and issues orders here, it is regarded as the center of the whole school. On the east side of the school headquarters is the branch school, which covers an area of 92 acres. The range is in the north of the branch school, covering an area of more than 330 acres. The large playground is shaped into a "[" shape, from the north, west and south of the three arch guard school headquarters, covering an area of more than 880 acres, with the west area as the largest.