In the production base of Qingmei Company in Xuanqiao Town, Pudong, Shanghai, colorful vegetables are very rare: "Oriental Purple" is purple cauliflower, "Black You" kale leaf color dark green, "Bid No. 5" cream lettuce is reddish brown ... "Colored vegetables anthocyanin content is relatively high, high value and nutrition, so netizens joke that 'sending flowers is better than sending vegetables' can be achieved in Shanghai. Li Li, head of Qingmei Agricultural Science and Technology, said with a smile.
New varieties of vegetables with high value
They are all new varieties of vegetables being cultivated in Shanghai, which are beautiful, nutritious and have high added value. Take "Purple of the East" as an example, its unit price is several times that of traditional cauliflower varieties. In Daozhen County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, more than 1,700 kilometers away from Shanghai, there are also 10 thousand mu of vegetable bases that have planted high-end vegetables such as "Oriental Purple", with a cumulative sales of 1,058 tons, benefiting 8,249 poor people and more than doubling their income.
Shanghai's agricultural planting area is limited, but the power of seeds is enormous. The Central Rural Work Conference proposed that it is necessary to further promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and promote the cultivation of varieties, quality improvement, brand building and standardized production. The seeds cultivated in Shanghai not only add color to the tables of local residents, but also spread to all parts of the country to help local agricultural production. According to the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, 17 new varieties of crops selected and bred in the city were approved by the state, 196 varieties were registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 221 new plant varieties were granted to the state, and 305 varieties were approved by Shanghai.
100% coverage of excellent crop varieties
"Everything grows without seeds, and there are two sentences that can describe the importance of seeds to agriculture. One is that 'the seed is the chip of agriculture', and the other is that 'a seed can change an industry'. Cao Liming, director of the Institute of Crops of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, described the seed industry in his eyes. At this year's Central Economic Work Conference, "solving the problem of seeds and cultivated land" was listed as one of the eight key tasks of China's economy next year, which made the seed expert who has been dealing with rice seeds for 20 years very excited. ”
One of the advantages is that Shanghai has started the construction of seed source bank very early and attaches special importance to quality breeding. Shanghai has built a comprehensive agricultural biological gene resource bank, initially established germplasm resources such as fruit trees, flowers, edible mushrooms, etc., and built eight livestock and poultry breeding farms; collected and preserved 10,000 local germplasm resources such as crops, fruit trees, flowers, microorganisms, livestock and poultry, and more than 210,000 pieces of genetic materials; has a number of high-quality local livestock and poultry aquatic resources, of which 12 varieties such as Meishan pig, Pudong white pig, Pudong chicken, Shenhong colorful pheasant and so on are included in the national inventory of livestock and poultry genetic resources protection. Shenhong Colorful Pheasant is also the first nationally approved breed in China's pheasant industry with independent intellectual property rights. At present, the coverage rate of excellent varieties of major crops in the city is 100%, and the seed quality pass rate is more than 98%, leading the country.
"Shanghai Seeds" has a distinctive character, which can be seen from the familiar rice seeds. A few days ago, the "Yinxiang 38" rice seed independently developed by the Guangming Rice Breeding Team of Liangyou Group won the gold medal at the third national high-quality rice variety taste quality appraisal activity, which is the third rice species in Shanghai to win this highest honor after the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences "Husoft 1212" won the first national gold medal and the Songjiang Agricultural Technology Center "Rosin Japonica 1018" won the second national gold award, Shanghai has also become the only province and city in china's southern japonica rice area to win awards for three consecutive years. It reflects Shanghai's ability to adhere to the breeding of excellent japonica rice for many years.
Cao Liming said that when it comes to rice seeds, people often think of Yuan Longping's hybrid rice, "Yuan Longping's team is studying hybrid indica rice, while Shanghai mainly studies japonica rice seeds." Japonica rice seeds and indica seeds complement each other, which can better adapt to different grain-producing areas in the country and also meet the taste needs of consumers in different regions. ”
Water-saving and drought-resistant rice was piloted in Africa
The "Drought Excellence 73" cultivated in Shanghai is a new variety of water-saving and drought-resistant rice in China, which can grow in the harsh environment of water shortage, and is not only introduced by many places in China, but also goes out of China and successfully tried to breed in Kenya, Uganda, Ghana and other African countries. Recently, a photo of African farmers planting "Drought 73" appeared on the official website of the United Nations Environment Programme, because this "Shanghai seed" has played an active role in ensuring food security in many parts of Africa, and has been praised by the United Nations Environment Programme.
"Shanghai Seeds" take root throughout the country
"The people of the old district sincerely thank the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences for their contribution to the development of the yellow peach industry." This year, Yanling County, Hunan Province, sent a letter of thanks to Shanghai, which originated from the yellow peach seeds from Shanghai: a total of 4,811 households and 14,238 poor people in the local area successfully got rid of poverty by planting "Shanghai Yellow Peach", and "Yanling Yellow Peach" has also become a well-known brand in China.
Behind the yellow peach seeds, there is another feature of "Shanghai Seeds": there are many varieties, high quality, can take root in all parts of the country, and become the gripper of Shanghai's "small agriculture" to serve the "big agriculture" in the country.
In Kashgar, Xinjiang, "Shanghai Eggplant", which has only been on the market in the past two years, is very popular with local farmers and consumers. This eggplant has a dark and shiny skin, strong growth and is not easy to get sick, and the yield of high-quality fruits is high. Its official name is "Shanghai Eggplant No. 5", which is also an original variety in Shanghai.
Kashgar has a tradition of growing eggplant, but the local eggplant varieties are general and the added value is not high. According to the local climate and soil conditions, the Horticulture Institute of the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences formed a research group with the Kashgar Regional Agricultural Technology Extension Center to guide the local introduction of "Shanghai Eggplant No. 5". Last year, Shache County in Kashgar promoted the planting of 637 greenhouses of "Shanghai Tomato No. 5", benefiting 120 farmers. This year, Yecheng, Zepu, Bachu, Shule County, etc. also began to plant "Shanghai Eggplant No. 5", becoming the largest planting type of eggplant of the same type.
Agricultural researchers in Shanghai have also improved the breeding of local small long eggplant varieties in Kashgar, and formulated provisional varieties such as "Shanghai Ka ka long eggplant 1" and "Shanghai Ka ka long eggplant 2", hoping to make the original local small eggplant into a regional agricultural product brand. The "Golden Emperor" breeding pigeon from Jinshan District has also been promoted and bred in many places in Kashgar, becoming a breed promoted by pigeon owners, further increasing the income of local farmers, and precipitating the achievements of Shanghai agricultural science and technology in aiding Xinjiang.
Meat breeding pigeons are transported from Shanghai to the Xinjiang base
In Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, "Shanghai Corn" is well-known. Zheng Hongjian, an agricultural researcher, still remembers the first trip to Xuzhao Village in Wafang Township, Longyang District, Baoshan City in 2018: Xuzhao Village in the alpine mountains has steep slopes, few natural resources, poor land, no advantageous crops, and is a deeply impoverished village. However, the local climate and soil conditions are very suitable for growing fresh corn. Therefore, Shanghai donated the self-bred high-quality waxy maize variety "Shenke Glutinous No. 1" to local farmers.
Last year, "Shenke Nuo No. 1" was successfully tried in Xuzhao Village, and the yield of fresh ears reached 700 kg mu, an increase of 95.1% over the output value of ordinary corn mu, and the income of farmers increased significantly. This made Zheng Hongjian very excited, and this year he went to Longyang District again to train local agricultural technicians and farmers in fresh corn production technology, and also brought more fresh corn varieties cultivated in Shanghai, such as "Shenke Glutinous 601", "Shenke Glutinous 602" and "Hutian 16".
"Shanghai corn" was successfully tried in Yunnan
Now agriculture needs "modern chips"
In the Huagu base of Fengxian Bay Town, the young seedlings of green leafy vegetables such as chicken feathers and kale that have just displayed their leaves are very cute, and the names of these green leafy vegetables are also attractive: "Xiaomei", "Meimei", "Fast-growing"... Tian Zhiyuan, head of the base, explained that these are new varieties selected and bred in cooperation with scientific research institutions and mechanized operations, "The appropriate varieties must have good growth and good taste, and the specifications should be relatively uniform, which is convenient for mechanical operation, improve production efficiency, and reduce agricultural production costs." ”
Breeding of leafy green vegetable varieties suitable for mechanized operations
The development of modern agriculture requires modern seed industry. China's traditional agriculture has a high degree of dispersion and a low degree of mechanization, resulting in some crop varieties that are no longer suitable for today's mechanized and facility planting trends. At the same time, good seeds need supporting seed technology to play a leading role in the development of the industry. These have become new opportunities and new directions for the development of Shanghai's seed industry.
The good news is that the comprehensive strength of Shanghai seed industry enterprises is constantly increasing. Statistics show that there are 60 crop seed enterprises and 50 livestock and poultry breeding enterprises in the city, with an average annual sales volume of 1.57 billion yuan. Among them, Zhongken Seed Industry is the city's first national breeding, breeding and promotion integration of enterprises; Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry is one of the "Credit Backbone Enterprises of China's Vegetable Seed Industry"; Shanghai Tiangu Biology, which has been listed on the New Third Board, has obtained the National High-tech Enterprise Certificate; the breeding pigs of Shanghai Xiangxin Livestock and Poultry Co., Ltd. rank among the top in the ranking of NSR, a professional breeding institution in the United States; and The Jinshan Breeding Dairy Farm of Guangming Animal Husbandry is a national dairy cow core breeding farm Shanghai Dairy Cattle Breeding Center became a member of the Holstein Society and the American Animal Breeding Association (NAAB).
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and other scientific research institutes and universities have also carried out extensive cooperation with agricultural seed enterprises to accelerate the integration of breeding and seed production.
A new generation of high-quality hybrid japonica rice "Shenyou 26" seed production base
In the Guangming May Fourth Modern Agricultural Park, which is close to huagu base, there are new breeding achievements of industry-university-research cooperation: a new generation of high-quality hybrid japonica rice varieties "Shenyou 26" and "Shenyou 28". One of the characteristics of these two new rice varieties is that they have strong toppling resistance, which is conducive to mechanized seed preparation and cultivation. Based on these two varieties, a series of mechanized operation technologies such as mechanized seedling planting, plant protection, fertilization, leaf cutting, agricultural machinery auxiliary pollination, drying selection, etc., have formed a mechanized seed production technology system for the whole process of hybrid japonica rice, which has increased the mechanization level of the whole process of seed production to more than 94%, in response to the seed industry development goal of "hiding grain in the ground and hiding grain in technology".
At present, the mechanized seed production technology of hybrid japonica rice has become the main driving technology of Hybrid Japonica rice seed production in Shanghai, and the annual mechanized seed production area of the whole mechanized seed production base such as Guangming May Fourth Modern Agricultural Park, Pudong Honghui Seed Industry, Chongming Seed Company, and Kinmen Seed Company has reached 8,000 mu, providing more "modern chips" for Shanghai modern agriculture.
Column Editor-in-Chief: Liu Kun Text Editor: Ren Chong
Source: Author: Ren Chong