Wen \ Zhong Baichao
Money up (722—780?) Wu Xing (present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Tang Tianbao was a scholar in the tenth year (751), initially a secretary of the provincial school secretary Lang, a lieutenant of Lantian County, and later a si xun member Wai Lang, Kao Gong Lang Zhong, Hanlin Bachelor, etc., one of the ten talents of the Great Calendar.
Nostalgia is the eternal theme of the literati of thousands of years, Qian Qi's poems of the geese, with the help of the image of the goose, express the homesickness of the wanderer, touching the heart, and become a famous passage that will never fade.
Autumn sky is pure, and liáo lì is alone. The wind turned frost cold, and the clouds opened to see the moon. The captain timidly removed his wings, and the shadow disappeared with a sound. Hope is far away, nostalgia is full of life. ("Sending The Wild Goose")
The first link points out the season, the autumn is high, the sky is clear, and the sound of "sighing" refers to both geese and implies desolation, and the word "alone" further strengthens this sense of loneliness. The word "Southern Expedition" is reminiscent of the verse in the "Book of Poetry • Drumming": "Drumming its boring, enthusiastic use of soldiers." Tuguo City Cao, I travel south alone. Whether it is a "southern expedition" or a "southbound journey", it is a kind of reluctance. Here, the poet uses the technique of interlacing dynamic and static, combining dots and surfaces, and sketches a picture of the southern return of autumn geese with condensed brushstrokes. The sound of geese "hissing" sets a sad tone for the whole text.
The jaw link further describes the environment at this time, "the wind is urgent" and "the frost is cold", highlighting the sharp changes in the weather, "the clouds are open" and "seeing the moon" indicate that the night is clear and the moonlight is bright. "Cold" is not only the cold of the weather, but also the cold of the heart. "Shock" is not only to see the moon shock, but also to fear of delaying the trip. Therefore, the words "cold" and "shock" add to the sad color of the whole poem.
The neck link is closely related to the title of the poem, expressing feelings, facing the geese that flutter their wings and travel far, they can't help but feel pity, worried that the geese will break their wings because of the long distance, a "timid" word, the poet's inner emotions are fully expressed. However, it is gratifying that even if the trace has disappeared from sight, its high-pitched and loud cry can still be faintly heard.
The tail link ends with "nostalgia" and inherits nature skillfully. "People go to leave their names, geese leave their voices", the geese still leave a voice, the geese can still return to the south, what should be left in their lives, and when they can return to their hometown. However, the poet feels that he is not a free body, so he can only look at the geese and his hometown outside the sky with a sad mood, hoping that the distant geese can dissolve the endless nostalgia in his heart. After the Anshi Rebellion, Qian Qi stayed in Chang'an, had a family that was difficult to return, and used the Autumn Goose to fly south, which not only indirectly revealed his ambition to make meritorious achievements, but also expressed his feelings of homesickness.
This poem uses geese as an image to express nostalgia, its sentiments are sad, its sorrows can be wept, its sighs are deep and heavy, but it is actually touching.
Xiao Xiang waited for idle return, water bisha ming on both sides of the moss. Twenty-five strings played the night moon, but they flew in. ("Return to the Goose")
Legend has it that the autumn geese fly south, do not cross the Huiyan Peak of Hengshan Mountain in Hunan, fly to the north of the peak and inhabit the lower reaches of the Xiang River, and then fly back to the north after winter.
The poem "Sending The Wild Goose" expresses the poet's urgent mood and sorrow of missing his hometown and longing to return to his hometown. The poem "Return to the Goose" is unusual, expressing the sorrow of having to leave his hometown.
Why is the Xiang River, which is "water and sand and moss on both sides of the river", willing to leave at will? This question is intended to secretly express a kind of contradictory mentality, but also lay the groundwork.
The "twenty-five strings" are an ancient kind of piano. According to the "Huainanzi Tai Ethnic Training": "The piano does not sound, and the twenty-five strings each respond to its sound." Here, the poet expands his rich imagination and uses the "twenty-five strings" to refer to the love myth of the goddess of the Xiangjiang River drumming under the moonlight. The Xiangshui goddess GuSer, pinning her endless thoughts on her husband Shun, who died in Cangwu, was so desolate and mournful that people could not bear to listen to it any longer, so they had to leave the Xiang river again and fly back to the north.
However, this is only the superficial meaning. How can a scholar with a heart for the world be too nostalgic for his hometown? The so-called "invincible resentment" is not only the resentment of the voice, but also the call of one's own heart, a kind of grievance that cannot seek peace for the world. Therefore, leaving home is a logical statement.
This poem is uniquely conceived, the imagination is bold and rich, the brushwork is flexible, the lyricism is clear and mournful, and it expresses the implicit and distant meaning in a condensed language.
Qian Qi's famous work is "Provincial Examination Xiangling Drumser", which was composed when Emperor Xuanzong of Tang took the entrance examination in the tenth year (751) of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao. It is this poem that establishes Qian Qi's status and reputation in the poetry world.
Good drum cloud and Ser, often heard of the emperor's spirit. Feng (píng) danced in the air, and Chu Ke was unbearable. Bitter tune poignant golden stone, clear tone into the meditation (yǎo míng). Cang Wu came to complain, and Bai Zhi moved Fangxin. The flowing water passes through The pǔ, and the sad wind passes through the cave court. Qu finally disappeared, and several peaks on the river were green. ("Provincial Trial Xiangling Drum ser")
This poem, first of all, adopts the creative technique of combining virtual and real, so that the poem has unlimited tension and imagination space. "Good drum cloud and ser, often heard of the emperor's spirit", this is a fictitious pen, quoting the legend that the goddess of Xiangshui is good at drums, which makes the poem add suspense and mystery.
"Feng Yikong dances by himself, Chu Ke is unbearable", using the technique of interlacing one virtual and one reality, superimposing myth and reality together, shortening the distance between myth and reality, and making mythical stories have a sense of affinity. Through the strong contrast between "Feng Yikong Self-Dance" and "Chu Ke Is Unbearable", it expresses the deep meaning that is difficult to find.
"Bitter tune miserable golden stone, clear sound into the meditation." The infectious power of these two sentences on the tone of the voice is extremely exaggerated and rendered. Its tone is bitter, the golden stone is poignant; its sound is clear, the sky is touched by it; "CangWu comes to complain, Bai Zhi moves fangxin", these two sentences exert a rich imagination, with a flexible virtual pen, the appeal of the sound of the sound is further rendered, not only touched the spirit of Emperor Shun, who lives in the mountains, but also makes Bai Zhi on the mountain spit out fragrance. This technique creates an artistic conception that is both virtual and real, as well as illusory and real, as if traveling through different time and space. "Flowing water spreads to Xiangpu, and the sad wind passes through the cave court", "flowing water" refers to the sound of Xiang Ling, which is as flexible and mournful as flowing water, and also contains the meaning of "Zhiyin"; "Sadness Wind" refers to both the objectively existing wind and the tone of "Sorrowful Wind", such as Tang Libai's poem "Listening to Lu Zishun Playing the Piano on the Night of the Moon": "Overhearing the tune of "Sorrowful Wind", it is like "Han Song" chanting. Therefore, "the flowing water spreads to Xiangpu, and the sad wind passes through the Dongting", these two sentences, ostensibly, say that the music flows down the flowing water to the Xiangjiang River, turning into a sad wind and flying through the vast Dongting Lake, but in fact it also contains the meaning that it is difficult to find the sound, which not only takes care of "Feng Yikong dances by himself, Chu Ke is unbearable", deepening the theme.
"At the end of the song, no one is seen, and there are several peaks on the river." After Xiang Ling played the tune of "Sad Wind", even Chu Ke disappeared, and only a few peaks on the river were still waiting here, which had the same meaning as Li Bai's "Sitting Alone on Jingting Mountain": "Looking at each other is not tired, only Jingting Mountain" has the same meaning.
This poem, with the help of mythological stories and ethereal brushstrokes, expresses the sincere emotions of the world, longing to get a confidant, but who is the confidant? In participating in the examination presided over by Shangshu Province, Qian Qi naturally wanted to be appreciated by the examiner Wailang. Thankfully, he succeeded and became famous for this poem, establishing a place for future poetry.
Qian Qi's landscape poems adhere to the characteristics of Wang Wei's landscape poems and have their own style. Wang Wei was a well-known landscape poet of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, who once sang and sang with Qian Qi. The compiler Gao Zhongwu of the same era regarded Qian Qi as a descendant of Wang Wei and gave a high evaluation to Qian Qi's landscape poetry, saying that "the poetry of the outside world, the physique is novel, and the rationality is clear." Yue Congdengdi, Emperor Wenzong right Cheng, Xu Yigao. After the right beggar was gone, the staff was male. Shān (芟) Song Qi's floating, Slashing Liang Chen's Jing, Mo Zhi and Qun. ”
Taniguchi spring remnant yellow birds are rare, Xinyi flowers fly as many apricot blossoms as possible. First pity under the window of the bamboo mountain, do not change the yin to wait for me to return. ("Late Spring Return to the Mountain Residence Inscription Window In front of the Bamboo")
It is a bamboo poem. In the late spring, the poet returned to his mountain dwelling, and when he listened to it, he could no longer hear the song of the yellow bird; as far as he could see, the Xinyi flowers had long since withered, and the apricot blossoms had also flown off the dust. But this is not autumn, therefore, there is no such thing as a sad autumn. Even so, the poet's heart is still open-minded and comforting, because when he pushes open the window and enters the green bamboo forest, this bamboo, which is both quiet and slender, does not maintain the true color of the shade due to the change of seasons, which is really pitiful. Not only that, but these bamboos are like girlfriends, waiting for the poet to return, what a touching scene.
In this poem, the poet adopts a contrasting technique, in the contrast between "Spring Residue", "Yellow Bird Rare", "Xinyi Flower Exhaustion", "Apricot Blossom Flying" and "Youzhu", it sets off and highlights the will of bamboo to be independent and ungrouped. At the same time, it also uses anthropomorphic techniques to give bamboo a human warmth, "do not change the yin", so that the character image of the bamboo is concrete, thus touching the soul of the person. In fact, the bamboo in the poet's pen, that is, has the style of a gentleman, and is like a confidant, which is not the embodiment of the author's own personality.
The spring ravine belt Maoz, the cloud Xia sheng xue (bì) curtain. Bamboo pity after the new rain, the mountain loves when the sunset. Idle herons often inhabit early, and autumn flowers fall later. House servant sweeps the path of the rose, yesterday with the deceased period. ("Taniguchi Shuzai Sends Yang Supplementary Que")
The poet uses "Maotz" and "Xue Wei" as metaphors for his own study, highlighting its simplicity. The word "belt" has a unique charm, just like Wang Xizhi's "Maolin Xiu bamboo, reflecting the belt left and right" is exquisite, the mountains and rivers around the study are like a fairyland; the word "sheng" is also extremely flexible, even if it is simple, there are still clouds steaming Xiawei. Not only that, the bamboo after the new rain, the green drip, the mountains under the sunset, a golden light, doubly pitiful. In such an environment, the leisurely egret returns to its nest early, and in the autumn, the flowers still refuse to fall.
In this poem, the poet used a full six sentences, focusing on describing the quiet and elegant style of the study, like a picture displayed in front of people. It is enough to be able to be in such a study, drink tea and play the piano, and tell the story of humor.
At night, poetry and wine are happy, and the moon is full of Xie Gonglou. The shadow closes the heavy door quietly, and the cold life is alone in autumn. The magpie frightened with the leaves, and the fireflies went far into the smoke stream. At the end of this night, There are several sorrows in the clear light. ("Pei Di Nanmen Autumn Night to the Moon")
On the night of the full moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, invite a number of friends to Pei Di's study, drink and write poetry, and admire the moon at the same time. The word "full" not only refers to the full moon, but also refers to psychological satisfaction. However, the night was quiet, and the trees in the yard seemed to have a chill. The moonlight is bright, the magpies are flying, and the fallen leaves are scattered with the wind. In the moonlight, the fireflies flew far away, and the light passed in the cold moonlight and the scattered smoke, setting off a faint melancholy of self-loss. "Fireworks" is another deepening of "cold". In the face of such a moonlight, I can't help but feel sad from it.
This poem, which begins with "excitement" and ends with "sorrow", should have been a reunion, and finally became depressed. If "Que Frightened" and "Firefly Yuan" are portrayals of Huai Cai's encounters, then what is the encounter with Qian Qi? Is the Mid-Autumn Festival nostalgic for home and relatives? Perhaps this poem is a mystery left to us.
Takeshita forgot to say to the purple tea, Quansheng Yuke drunk Liu Xia. The dust washed away, and the sound of a tree cicada was oblique. ("Tea Feast with Zhao Ju (jǔ)")
About three or five confidants, tasting tea under the bamboo forest, reached the realm of "forgetting words", and Tao Yuanming "knotted in the human realm, and there is no car or horse noise." Q. How can you do it? The heart is far away from self-deprecation. Under the eastern fence of the chrysanthemum, you can leisurely see the South Mountain. The mountain atmosphere is good day and night, and the birds are returning. There is a true meaning in this, and it is necessary to discern that it has forgotten words" has the same purpose, and it is not much more comfortable than those who are intoxicated by the feathers who are intoxicated with the flowing xia. A cup of tea, wash away the dust, the interest is difficult, listen to the cicadas of a tree, watch the sunset, how leisurely and elegant.
This poem borrows "Shan Tao and Ji Kang, Lu An Shan, and later with Ruan Yuan, they are friends with the bamboo forest, and they forget the deeds of words." The allusion of "JinShu Shantao Biography" expresses his desire for the countryside and the interest of the life of Yuke.
Overall, compared with Wang Wei's landscape poems, which are broad, empty and far-reaching, and natural, Qian Qi's landscape poems are too slender and narrow in vision and at the end of the pen. However, it is rare to be able to observe the inner world and maintain oneself in a quiet and tranquil way.
Qian Qi's poems have a high artistic level, with clear words, harmonious rhythm, clean and elegant style, fluent and delicate, and are outstanding representatives of the poetry style of the Great Calendar.
Living in the hustle and bustle of the times, admiring and reading Qianqi's poems, there is still a pastoral garden in my heart, a bamboo forest, a Maozi, a little quiet and remote.
2019.4.12