In January 1912, a secret telegram from Wuhan traveled to Shanghai, Russia and Ili, Xinjiang: "Yuan Dahua, ShengYun, Chang Geng, ZhiRui, etc., plotted to support Xuan reunification and move west; Ili should quickly revolt in response to Wuchang in order to break the other side of peace." ”
ShengYun, Inspector of Shaanxi and Gansu. Chang Geng, Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu.
Zhi Rui, a Manchurian red flag bearer, the last Ili general of the Qing Dynasty, and the cousin of the Guangxu Emperor's concubines Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen.
At the beginning of 1911, Zhirui was transferred from General Hangzhou to General Yili. Before his transfer, he had been rooted in Xinjiang for many years. On the way to Lanzhou, Zhirui conspired with the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Chang Geng, and the inspector Shengyun, in case the Qing court was in danger, when the Xuantong Emperor moved west, he built the capital at Kulun (present-day Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) or Altay, borrowed the protection of Tsarist Russia, and joined the feudal princes of various ethnic groups such as Ganxin in the interior, divided the northwest, and confronted the revolutionary army. On the way to Xinjiang in October, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and the empire was in turmoil. As a hardcore martyr of the Qing Dynasty, Zhirui has long since broken the idea of "being born into the Jade Gate Pass" and still goes to Serve as Yili.
The last Ili general, Zhi Rui
After assuming the post of general of Ili, in order to prevent the fire of the revolution from burning in Ili, Zhirui began to frantically make a final dying struggle, and the spearhead was directed at the new army of Ili and the leader of the new army, Yang Miaoxu. Zhi Rui sacrificed three axes:
First, it ordered the suspension of the Ili Vernacular Newspaper. At that time, the Ili Vernacular Newspaper was controlled by the revolutionaries and was a public opinion position for propagating the revolution to the people of all nationalities.
Second, he summoned the bannerman Wei Huiyuan City and mobilized more than a thousand Mongolian officers and soldiers to garrison the south bank of the Ili River.
Third, guard against the new army of Ili. Because most of the people who responded to the revolution in various places were new troops, Zhirui was suspicious of the new army in Ili. Taking advantage of the brawl between the soldiers of the New Army and the students of the Wubei Academy, the Wubei Academy was abolished, and all the ammunition of the New Army was confiscated into storage, and Yang Miaoxu, the commander of the Mixed Association of the Ili Army, was forced to resign, and on the pretext of avoiding conflict, he also ordered the abolition of the Mixed Formation Of the Ili Army and forcibly dismissed the soldiers and officials.
The following is an introduction to another prominent figure on the cusp of the Xinjiang revolution, Yang Miaoxu. Introducing Yang Yixu first began with the new army.
In 1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the Qing Dynasty once again suffered a "habitual" fiasco. Cixi looked down at her soldiers with a bitter face, the Xiang Army, the Defense Army, and the Training Army, none of them had become a weapon. The Huai Army, which had been invincible in suppressing the Taiping Army and the Twist Army, was also beaten by the Little Japan to distinguish between the east, the west, the south, and the north. Lafayette sighed and said: No wonder every time I fight with foreigners, the mourning family has to run away, and the family members who originally came from a child are a group of rice buckets.
In 1895, the Qing government began to train the new army. Among them, the most famous are Yuan Shikai's "New Army" and the "Self-Strengthening Army" of Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Huguang. In 1906, Zhang Zhidong's Hubei New Army reached more than 15,000 people, which made the following progress from the previous old-style armament, one of which was the abolition of cold weapons and earth guns and replaced them with new guns. Second, training and organization follow the example of Europe and Japan. Third, eliminate the old, weak, sick and disabled and replenish the new forces. Fourth, the commander served as a number of people from military academies. Fifth, the soldiers' cultural level has been significantly improved.
The Manchurian nobles wanted to use the new army to continue to consolidate their rule, but ironically, the new army later became the manchu gravediggers! Therefore, the army is a double-edged sword in any era, using it well to kill people and not to commit suicide.
In 1907, Yang Yixu led 800 people of the Hubei Army as a standard commander (regimental commander) to Ili as a model regiment for training the Ili New Army.
Ili New Army
Yang Yixu, a native of Hubei, graduated from Toyama Army University in Japan, and was responsible for the military exercises of Wuhan Lianghu Academy and Theory Martial Arts Hall, and later achieved excellent results, successively serving as instructors, pipe belts, and standard commanders in various battalions in Hubei.
After arriving in Ili, Yang Yixu continued to fulfill his duties and fulfill his duties, trained the new army day and night, guarded against Tsarist Russia, and defended the frontier. In 1911, Yang was promoted to co-commander (brigade commander). In mid-November 1911, Zhirui arrived in Yili, and the opening scene occurred.
The Ili general Zhirui was not only a relative of the emperor and the state, but also a scholar with a high degree of education, talented, and his appearance was not low. Therefore, the personality is more bullish, one-sided, arrogant, arrogant, no one in sight, and the treatment of subordinates is also more violent. Such a character is destined to put him on a road of no return!
As soon as he arrived in Ili, he found that he was actually a "man who wanted food." After the Wuchang uprising, fifteen provinces declared independence, and Xinjiang's salary was originally supported by brother provinces in the interior, and now most of the inland provinces are independent. Zhi Rui had to cheekily ask the central government for money, and the mud bodhisattva Qing court who crossed the river replied very politely: If you want money, you want to die!
The lack of pay in the army is a terrible thing, and mutinies can occur at any time. This Zhirui is not unaware. But Zhi Rui, who is "difficult for a smart woman to cook without rice", was forced to put mercury into his brain and did a very desperate thing. He knew that the Forces nouvelles were a revolutionary time bomb, so he repatriated them to their hometowns. However, the refusal to pay repatriation fees (the cost of the journey from Ili back to the interior is a considerable amount) led to resentment among the soldiers. He even ordered the establishment of a card to forcibly let the repatriated officers and soldiers take off their leather clothes and pants in the harsh winter, and let them freeze to death (In Xinjiang dialect). This is simply too much. This "desperate deed" of his became the fuse of the Ili Uprising.
After the outbreak of the Dihua Uprising, Zhirui knew that things were not good, and the probability of mutiny in the troops rose to 200 percent. He knows that you are a bare-rod commander without pay. So he desperately asked the central authorities for money for help. At this time, the Qing court, which was about to run out of breath, still replied politely: If you want money, you will die half a life!
At this time, Yang Miaoxu was also forced to desperate by Zhirui, a neurotic and manic disease, and the revolutionaries around him saw the opportunity and began to conspire with him to revolt. In the new army from Hubei to Ili, Yang Yixu's compatriot and friend Feng Temin was a member of the League, and more than a dozen revolutionaries were mixed into the ranks. In the more than three years since coming to Ili, the Revolutionary Party, together with the Brotherhood, has developed the revolutionary forces in full swing in the Ili army and at all levels of society. The failure of the Dihua uprising shook the revolutionary party in Ili very much. Coupled with a secret telegram from Wuhan, the revolutionaries must make a decision on the spot!
On the evening of January 7, 1912, the sound of uprising guns resounded throughout the land of Ili, and some of the rebel troops gathered in Huiyuan City to form the "Iron Blood Regiment" to officially declare the uprising. The rebels began to attack important strongholds in the city in five ways. After the Shogun's Office was captured, Zhi Rui climbed over the wall and fled into the Xieling Yamen. The rebel army was still engaged in fierce battles with the old and new camps of troops. At this moment, Yang Yixu is worthy of being a big husband, able to bend and stretch, in order to reduce unnecessary sacrifices he kneels in a high prestige, the former Ili general Guangfu (he and Zhirui were transferred, and became the general of Hangzhou, but Zhirui maintained a high IQ, very despised the uneducated Mongolian Guangfu, under the pretext that the procedures were not clear, Guangfu was not allowed to go to Hangzhou. in front of it. Moving with affection and understanding reason, he asked General Guangfu to serve as the governor of Xinyi Dadu to avoid the army from being combined with fire and injuring innocent people. When Guangfu heard that he, a general of the Qing Dynasty, was the governor of the Republic of China, he was a hundred unwilling. However, seeing Yang Miaoxu's soft and hard coercive attitude, and thinking of Zhirui's bad behavior towards his old subordinates, he thought that this guy was really not a thing, and he detained Lao Tzu here and did not let him go to Hangzhou to eat West Lake vinegar fish. So he reluctantly agreed and intervened to mediate, and the officers and men of the battalion looked at his face and laid down their weapons.
Zhi Rui was finally searched out in the reed pile, and after being captured, he only asked for a quick death, and was shot to death. When he dies, he is also righteous.
After the victory of the Ili Uprising, the new Yidu Governor's Office was established. While the Provisional Government telegraphed the whole country to declare a republic, it also called Yuan Dahua of Dihua to ask him to recognize the current affairs as Junjie. Yuan Dahua said, "Junjie, you are big, a bunch of chaotic courtiers and thieves!" ”。 Of course, Yuan Dahua, who was scheming and loyal and filial, could not obey. So the fight began!
Brigade Commander of the Ili New Army Yang Yixu
The Ili Revolutionary Army and the Dihua Qing Army fought fiercely, each with its own victory and defeat, and finally the confrontation was held in Wusu County. On January 12, 1912, Yuan Dahuahua received a thunderbolt message on a sunny day: The Xuantong Emperor was permanently dismissed, and Yuan Shikai came to power as president!
This news made Yuan Dahua vomit blood, and after vomiting blood, he had to sit down and talk with Yili when he was broken. In the course of the negotiations, Yuan Dahua began to find a way out, he knew that the revolutionary party and the Brotherhood of Elders had been killed by him a lot, and this gang was eager to drink his blood, eat his flesh, and suck his bone marrow. In addition, he was still quite obsessed with the Qing Dynasty, and he was dismissive of the officials of the Republic of China. So he prepared to flash people, and before the flash people, he recommended Yuan Hongyou, the kashgar Daoyi, to take over the post of metropolitan governor. Unexpectedly, the revolutionary party was not cold to this person, so the Kashgar elder assassinated Yuan Hongyou. Yuan Dahua also recommended Yang Zengxin, dihua Daoyi and Xinjiang's envoy (the highest judicial administrator of the province), as the governor of Xinjiang.
On May 18, 1912, Yuan Shikai's government officially appointed Yang Zengxin as the governor of Xinjiang and Yang Yixu as the commander-in-chief of Ili Town.
Yuan Dahua quickly slipped back to the interior with his tail between his legs, settled in Tianjin, lived for 84 years, quite a long life, very good, and died a good death. Although this person maintains the imperial system and is an enemy of the republic, he is his master, and there is no such thing as good or evil. He still has a set of rules for governing Xinjiang, and posterity has a good reputation for him. Yuan Dahua, who owed a lot of lives, was able to retreat from Xinjiang and was not hunted down and killed by the Brotherhood, indicating that the people around him were still very protective of him. Unlike Zhi Rui, he is arrogant, self-absorbed, and mean to others, and eventually ends up alone and dies in a foreign land.
There is a local saying in Xinjiang: forced layers (light madness) are sacrificed (yes), and riots are sacrificed. It is a true portrayal of Zhirui.
Yuan Dahua and Zhirui sadly withdrew from the stage of Xinjiang's history, and the Yellow Dragon Flag fluttering in the wind of daqing slammed to the ground in the raging fire. The stage of the Republic of China has long been set up, you sing and I appear, Xinjiang will usher in the first political strongman of the Republic of China period - Yang Zengxin.
A generation of "Xinjiang King" Yang Zengxin