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Jing Dujun: If I had a hundred heads, I would rather be beheaded one by one than retract any of the theses. —Martin Luther
The book continues from the previous article. Although Pope Leo X.,1475-1521 decided to burn the book first—burning the Ninety-Five Theses issued by Luther, and then burning people—and burning Luther at the stake, Martin Luther (1483-1546) was relatively safe, either when he nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to the door of all saints' churches in Wittenberg, or when he insisted, "I will not retract my words." Behind him came a great supporting force from his protector: friedrich der weise von sachsen (1463-1525), Elector of Saxony.
▲ First from the left: Frederick III, "Wise Man" of the Elector of Saxony
Meissen tile mural "Marching Map of the Princes of Saxony"
Dresden, Germany
In Luther's life, in addition to God, there were three other nobles who gave him support at all stages of his life: The noblewoman Frau Cotta whom Luther met in his "beloved city" of Essenach as a teenager rescued this poor teenager from begging along the streets of the poor miner's house, took him in and allowed him to grow up healthily, immerse himself in reading, and experience God's grace; his young mentor, Johann von Priest Staupitz introduced him to the temple of theology and passed on his professorship to Luther, becoming Luther's lifelong friend; the third was Frederick III, the Elector of Saxony, the "wise man", who was neither pope nor Holy Roman Emperor, but who stepped forward when Luther was threatened with death by two great forces, religion and secularism, the Holy See and the Holy Roman Empire, only because he knew in his heart as well as Luther: "In Europe, No nation is more despised than the Germans, and the Italians even call us beasts. The wise Lord stood firmly by Luther's side and became the protector of the Reformation.
▲ Oil painting "Young Luther Sings for Madame Corta" (1872)
Bowers (f. pauwels, 1830-1904).
It is now in the collection of the Castle of Hervärt in Eisenau, Germany
In June 1520, the papal decree imposing capital punishment on Martin Luther ignited the wrath of Catholics in northern Germany, and even the humanist master Desiderius erasmus von rotterdam (1466-1536), who had been indifferent to the problems of the church, prophesied: "It seems that this time the whole Christian nation is afraid to rebel openly. ”
▲ Oil painting "Erasmus statue of Rotterdam" (1530-1536)
By Lucas Cranach Sr
It is now in the collection of the Boimans Van Berningen Art Museum Rotterdam
Erasmus in the word. In October 1520, Luther himself, after receiving the Papal Decree, stated: "Now I am convinced that the Pope is antichrist. On 10 December, Luther burned all the "blasphemous decrees" of the "anti-Christian emperor" and the Canon Law of Rome in Wittenberg. He called the Holy See "a great pit of sodomy in Rome that has tarnished the Church of God" and inspired: "We are to wash our hands with the blood of the Pope and cardinals, and we should burn the Papal Throne and burn the Pope himself." ”
▲ Oil painting "Martin Luther Burning the Papal Decree" (1872)
By Paul Tuman
On May 4, 1521, Frederick III the Wise ordered Martin Luther, on his way back from the Imperial Council of Worms, to "kidnap" Martin Luther on his way back to Wittenberg, creating the "Lutheran Evaporation Incident". Frederick III himself did not even bother to ask where his men had kidnapped Martin, for fear of leaking his own secrets. Since then, the Pope's wanted lutheran monk has disappeared, and there is an additional "junker jörg" in Walter Castle in Eisenach.
▲ Oil painting "Martin Luther Arrives at Walterburg" (1872, partial)
During his seclusion in Wartburg, Luther immersed himself in the German translation of the Bible, which used the "luthersprache" (Luthersprache) to contribute to the formation and development of the written language of the new High German, the common language of the modern German nation. Therefore, it can be said that Frederick III, the "wise man" of the Elector of Saxony, rescued not only Martin Luther, but also the German language.
▲ Oil painting "Luther Discovers the True Scriptures" (1872)
Bowers Wrote
▲ Luther translated biblical quotations from traditional German houses, 1578
Ostwick, Saxony-Anhalt
However, the people outside the fort thought that Luther had been martyred. To tell the world that their "Reformation leaders" were still alive, Lucas cranach der Ältere the Elder (1472-1553), Luther's "royal painter," once again used his brush to leave us with a precious portrait of the translator "Junkeryog" in Wartburg, at which point Martin Luther grew a beard:
▲ Oil painting "Martin Luther incarnated as "Junker Youg" (1522)
It is now in the Weimar Palace in Germany
So, what kind of mental stimulation did our brother Martin, the young monk of the Augustine Hermitage, receive before he finally resolutely embarked on this road of no regrets and no return to the end? Listen to the next breakdown.
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