Martin Luther's attacks on the Pope intensified, peaking in 1520. The Holy See tickled its teeth with hatred for this hateful heretic. They were ready to deal with Luther as they had against Hus more than 100 years ago. That is, to burn Luther to death in the name of heresy.
So the Pope colluded with the German Emperor Charles V (the grandson of Maximilian I, who was also king of Spain) to convene an imperial council in Worms, asking Luther to come and make it clear. Luther thought twice and went resolutely.
At the assembly, the church oppressed Luther to admit his mistake and withdraw his speech. In the face of this threat, Martin. Luther behaved well enough. On April 18, he said with great righteousness: "I will not withdraw any statement unless you can prove me wrong with biblical logic." Because I can't do things against my conscience. God bless me, Amen! This was applauded by many German princes.
Charles V decided to sacrifice Luther for his rule to please the Holy See. He declared that Luther was not protected by imperial law after 14 May. This was tantamount to letting the Church arrest and kill Luther.
Luther, without fear, left the venue calmly. Just as the Pope's men were about to arrest Luther and burn him to death, news came that this "heretic" had been "kidnapped" halfway through.
"Kidnapping" Martin. Luther was frederick (another frederick) of the Duke of Saxony, the "wise man". As one of the seven german electors, the eldest brother was charles V's rival to the German throne. He was also quite dissatisfied with the Holy See and admired Martin. Luther.
Thus the "smart man" in the form of kidnapping, put Martin. Luther got his own state.
As mentioned earlier, the German princes at that time had completely independent judicial and administrative military power in their own territories, and since the Duke of Saxony had this attitude, the Holy See and Charles V could not do anything about Luther.
In this way, Martin. Luther finally escaped the tragic fate of Huss more than a hundred years ago. The common philosophy of "simplifying religious procedures, everyone is a priest" eventually led to the birth of "Protestantism" in Christianity.
Tip: The three major factions of Christianity There are three main factions of Christianity today. One is the Catholic Church (also known as Catholicism, Roman Catholicism) headed by the Pope of Rome, which originated from the Western European Church at the time of the division of the Roman Empire; the second is Orthodoxy (also known as Orthodoxy, Greek Orthodoxy), which originated from the Church of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) at the time of the Roman Partition; the third is Protestantism (also known as Protestantism, Opposition, Protestantism, or simply Christianity), which originated in some denominations in the 14th century (such as the Hus of Bohemia), and in the 16th century Martin. After Luther's Reformation, it gradually flourished into a burning trend. The main difference between Protestantism and Catholicism is that "faith is saved" rather than a specialized ritual; everyone can communicate with God without the monopoly of the church; and the supreme authority is the Bible rather than the church's proclamation.
After that, Martin. Inside the castle of the "wise man," Luther did a highly scholarly job: translating the Bible into German. Luther slept and forgot to eat, meticulously engaged in this translation, striving for accurate wording. The most exaggerated time is to deliberate on a word, even used for nearly a month. He is also a bit like Bai Juyi, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty in China, who often visits nearby nobles, scholars and lower-class people to understand their language.
Thus, after many years of effort, Luther translated both the New Testament and the Old Testament into German and published it. By that time, the German Gutenberg had developed metal movable type printing, which made this german version of the Bible quickly disseminated.
Tip: Printing in Gutenberg Gutenberg (1400-1468) was the inventor of movable type printing in the West. He was the son of a jeweler and had been a master of his brain since childhood. It is said that his printing was originally used to print the church's indulgences, and he also printed more than 1,000 Bibles. The application of movable type printing in the West has enabled the culture to spread faster, which in turn has played a decisive role in promoting the development of Western civilization. For this reason, Gutenberg was ranked 8th in the 2003 "Greatest German".
(Gutenberg invents metal movable type printing)
The significance of this matter is extraordinary. For thousands of years, Germany has had many states on its territory, and the languages vary greatly from place to place. The advent and dissemination of the "standard version" of the German Bible undoubtedly led to a unified standard for German Chinese script. Luther's translation actually established the norms of modern German, which later promoted the unification of Germany.
For Germany, Luther's German Bible is almost comparable to qin shi huang's "book and text" in China.
Martin. Luther, an ordinary professor of theology, did two things in his life that were enough to shine through the cracks: one was to open fire on the Catholic Church and become one of the originators of Christian "Protestantism"; the other was to translate the Bible and regulate the German language. Thus in the 2003 "Greatest German" national selection, Martin M. Luther surpassed Karl. Marx was elected runner-up.
Of these two events, however, the latter culturally unified Germany, while the immediate result of the former was to further divide German politics.
Tip: Martin. Luther's discrimination against Jews Martin. Luther was quite hostile to the Jews. He believed that Jewish schools, churches, houses, and books should be burned, the protection of Jews by law should be stripped away, their money confiscated, and then forced to do rough work. Martin. This kind of thinking, represented by Luther, became one of the sources of ideas for the Nazi extermination of the Jews hundreds of years later.
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