I am Director Mi, paying attention to hot information at home and abroad, the humanities, national conditions and history of various countries
During the Republic of China period, many cultural people were reluctant to become officials, because they preferred to delve into writing and culture, believing that being an official had a copper smell. But there are exceptions, such as Hu Shi.
Hu Shi, one of the most famous celebrities in the Republic of China period, was also a person who served as a high-ranking government official. But his path to high-ranking officials is full of controversy and criticism.
Hu Shi was once a powerful cadre of the new culture and new movement, and together with Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, Mr. Lu Xun, etc., he propagated progressive ideas and became an idol of many young people. By the 1930s, however, Hu Shi's thinking had regressed considerably, or he had been.
In 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army launched the September 18 Incident and began an all-out war of aggression against China. This was a big bet, but it did not come to chance, the young marshal Zhang Xueliang adhered to Chiang Kai-shek's "policy of non-resistance", in order to preserve the strength of his army, gave millions of square kilometers and tens of millions of people and countless weapons (including aircraft) to the Japanese army in vain. As a result, Japan effortlessly obtained northeast China, and even more stimulated their ambitions to invade all of China.
At this time of national crisis, what did the great scholar Hu Shi do?
In the face of national peril, Hu Shi preached Gandhi-style non-cooperation, opposed war against Japan and severance of diplomatic relations with Japan, and advocated that the Chinese Government should directly negotiate with Japan on the issue of the three eastern provinces and the aftermath in accordance with the five principles put forward by the Japanese government, so as to avoid the expansion of the war. In the years that followed, Hu Continued to promote his "capitulationist theory." Hu Shi said: "I would rather destroy the country" and "never advocate war against Japan" (The Complete Works of Hu Shi, vol. 21, pp. 610, 617). Hu Shi not only "opposed the war against Japan" and "opposed the severance of diplomatic relations with Japan," but also personally set up another "Conscious Salvation Congress" with the aim of "establishing an industry" to resist the "Anti-Japanese Salvation" group (Geng Yunzhi: "Hu Shi's Annals," p. 194).
In February 1936, under the increasingly tense situation of the Japanese invasion of China, Hu Shi said in a speech at the Beijing Christian Brotherhood:
"The few statesmen in Chinese history who have successfully negotiated peace are still regarded as traitors, the most famous of whom is Qin Juniper, who successfully negotiated with the Jin people and brought a hundred years of peace to the country. For seven hundred and fifty years, Qin Juniper had never been forgiven. ”
Hu Shi's view was that Yue Fei's use of force to resist the Jin invasion was a very wrong act, and Qin Ju was a hero of the state. The environment of the Song Dynasty had to be reduced and peace had to be made. Qin Juniper was a master and a master of the qin dynasty, and he was really an old man who had a unique vision, and his curse Yue Fei also had a hard heart inside and outside.
After the Lugou Bridge Incident on July 7, 1937, Hu Shi had a new strange theory. Hu Shi wrote to Jiang a man his latest plan (to solve the Japanese aggression), which reads as follows:
(1) The Government of the Republic of China may recognize the separation of the three eastern provinces from China and the "State of Manchukuo" under the following conditions:
(2) China concludes a non-aggression pact with Japan and strives to conclude a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union in order to seek permanent peace in eastern Asia.
(3) China and Japan shall make joint efforts to promote an international agreement on security guarantees in the Pacific region.
Director Mi was wondering, is Hu Shi completely talking on paper? At that time, it was not that China did not want peace, but that Japan was constantly invading and expanding. Although Jiang Mou insisted that "if you want to be outside, you must first be at home", you did not dare to admit that "puppet Manchukuo".
The national scum Wang Zhaoming and Zhou Fohai formed an underground talk room in their apartment in Nanjing, where Hu Shi and others, because of their pessimism and similar smell, talked happily here to express their dissatisfaction with the people against japan. Hu Shi called it a "low-key club."
And when he saw the weak combat effectiveness of the Nationalist army, Hu Shi said: "China cannot resist the war, and the war of resistance will destroy the country and destroy the species!!! I have seen that the generals of our country cannot even look at the map, and the anti-war war is a joke for officers and soldiers of such a country, and it is better to surrender to Japan to save the country. ”
Cheng Qian, a kuomintang elder, once accused Hu Shi of being a traitor at the highest level and claimed that Hu Shi should be arrested.
Chen Bray and Chiang Kai-shek
Such a strange capitulationism, even his friends have pinched a sweat. For example, Chen Bray.
Chen Bray is one of Hu Shi's best friends, and this person has a more powerful identity. He was Chiang Kai-shek's "royal" pen holder, the "leader's literary boldness" and the "president's think tank" of the Kuomintang, so his words and deeds played a vital role in Chiang Kai-shek.
In the face of his old friend Hu Shi's "gibberish" and "capitulationism", Chen Bray was also very anxious, because if he didn't get it right, he would be left behind for thousands of years. Mr. Lu Xun's younger brother Zhou Zuoren was a "cultural traitor" who defected to the enemy and rebelled.
To this end, Chen Bray suggested to Jiang that Hu Shizhi, who had studied in the United States, could go to the United States as an ambassador to the United States. And another of Hu Shi's friends, Qian Changzhao, also recognized. Chen Bray and Qian Changzhao's meaning is very clear, Hu Shi, as a cultural person with great influence, sent to the United States will not continue to speak good things for the Japanese, right? When I went to the United States, I couldn't learn zhou zuoren as a traitor. In a word, his friends were afraid that he would defect to the enemy.
But after Hu Shi went to the United States, he did change, lost contact with the "low-key club", and wrote his own diary to "sacrifice his life" for the country. From 1938 to 1942, Hu Shi served as China's ambassador to the United States.
Hu shi
But Hu Shi once publicly stated: "There are three things he does not do as ambassador. It does not engage in any publicity activities, does not intervene in the procurement of arms and ammunition, and does not participate in the search for loans and credits. "Specific matters need to prepare a lot of data, reports and war situation reports, this kind of thing, Hu Shi does not want to do, do not want to see." Every time they asked the Americans for money, it was Song Ziwen and others who personally went to the United States.
This surprised the diplomatic community, which during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was the three most important matters in diplomacy. Why did you want you to go to the United States when an ambassador to the United States did not support the War of Resistance?
Later generations said that Hu Shi was a refined egoist, and it was true that there was no faith in his heart.
Chiang Kai-shek's appraisal of his work was as follows: "Hu Shi is a typical example of today's scribes and celebrities, and as a result of his gains and losses, he does not hesitate to borrow foreign forces to consolidate his position and even damage the prestige of the state." He was sent to the United States for four years, and apart from obtaining more than ten honorary doctorates for himself, he did not contribute to the country or the war." (Excerpt from The Diary of Chiang Kai-shek, October 13, 1942)
I have to say that if Chen Bray had not made a plan to let Hu Shizhi go to the United States, would he have really defected to the enemy and rebelled? It's hard to say.
Hu Shi later changed his mind in support of the War of Resistance, but could not erase the stain of history. Wang Jingwei and Zhou Fohai, on the other hand, openly defected to the enemy and became veritable traitors.