Huang Yanpei is a little-known story with the older generation of CCP leaders

　　Huang Yanpei (1878-1965), a native of Chuansha County, Jiangsu Province (now Pudong New Area, Shanghai), pioneer of modern vocational education in China, outstanding social activist, and the main founder of the China Democratic Construction Association. After the founding of New China, he served as a member of the Central People's Government, vice premier of the State Council and minister of light industry, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and chairman of the First and Second Central Committees of the China Democratic National Construction Association.

　　Since he was a teenager, Huang Yanpei witnessed the corruption of the Qing government, the poverty and weakness of the country, the fragmentation of mountains and rivers, and the lack of livelihood for the people. From a man of great birth to a revolutionary fighter of democracy and a sincere patriot, an outstanding educator, a well-known social activist, and an outstanding national leader. He worked closely with the Communist Party of China and made important contributions to the cause of Chinese people's liberation and the cause of socialist revolution and construction.

　　In response to the call of the Communist Party of China, the campaign to save the people and survive was launched

　　In March 1931, Huang Yanpei, together with Jiang Qingyu, went to Japan as the Chinese Vocational Education Research Association to investigate the education system, and when he passed through Korea, he experienced the situation and deeply felt the pain of the Korean people as slaves to the country. When he arrived in Japan, he saw that the Japanese Zhengda Youth League was running, and the rural soldiers were very active, and he had a premonition that Japanese militarism was about to launch a war of aggression against China. At this time, he recalled the scene of meeting with The Japanese friendly person Tokyo Senior Engineer Seiichi Chishima during his previous visit to Japan. Qiandao cried in front of Huang, saying that he was worried that if the aggressive ambitions of the young Japanese soldiers succeeded, they would cause endless harm to both China and Japan. At this time, Huang Yanpei had no intention of continuing to investigate and educate in Japan, bought three books on the street that explicitly promoted the ambitions of the Japanese warlords to invade China, and hurried back to China. On the way back to China, he learned that Japan would fight against China that year, and its plan was to "blockade the Chinese coast, attack Xuzhou, cut off the Jinpu Road; then invade Zhengzhou, cut off the Pinghan Road, take our resources, serve as its military support, and so on.", arrogantly shouting that "China will be destroyed within three months." After Huang Yanpei returned to China, he wrote "A Journey Around the Yellow Sea" and published it in the "Declaration", warning the people of the country with the painful scene of the Korean people as slaves to the country. In May 1931, Huang Yanpei met Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing, truthfully reported what he had seen and heard in Japan to Chiang Kai-shek, and handed him the three books he had purchased. Just four months after this conversation, the "918" incident occurred, the entire territory of northeast China was occupied by the Japanese Kou, and north China was also in danger, and the development of the situation was predicted by Huang Yanpei.

　　Huang Yanpei was born and died with a strong patriotic heart and actively participated in the anti-Japanese salvation movement. After the "1.28" incident, he joined hands with patriots from all walks of life to establish the Shanghai Citizens' Local Maintenance Association (later renamed the Local Association) and served as the person in charge. He got in touch with Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai of the Anti-Japanese Kuomintang 19th Route Army and organized transport vehicles to transport the supplies needed by the army to the front line under artillery fire. He also personally went to the Zhonghua Vocational School to make a report on the anti-Japanese mobilization to all teachers and students. The China Vocational Education Society has held "lectures on national difficulties" for many times, and invited Cai Yuanpei, Wang Yunsheng, Tao Xingzhi, Zhang Naiqi and others to give lectures. In order to protect China's national industry from being destroyed by the Japanese, Hu Weiwen and others initiated the establishment of the Qianchuan Factory Federation in Shanghai, mobilizing more than 140 backbone enterprises in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai areas to move equipment, materials and personnel to the southwest rear, and Huang Yanpei gave strong support.

　　After the fall of Shanghai, the concession authorities did not allow the Zhonghua Vocational School to fly the national flag, and the school changed to a bell every morning and evening as a sign, and when the bell sounded, all the teachers and students stood upright in place, calling it "spiritual flag raising", symbolizing that the country and the nation were still not forgotten when the country was in trouble. All teachers also donated 2% of their salaries every month on a voluntary basis to the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Shen Junru, Zou Taofen, Zhang Naiqi and seven others were arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang authorities in the Suzhou High Court Detention Center for mobilizing the people to unite against Japan and establish the National Salvation Congress, which aroused the unanimous opposition of the people of the whole country. Huang Yanpei took political risks to visit the "Seven Gentlemen" in Suzhou, expressed his respect and cordial condolences to them, and asked the Chiang government, "What is the crime of resisting Japan?" And took a group photo with the Seven Gentlemen, and inscribed a poem on the photo.

　　He was invited to visit Yan'an to witness the new atmosphere in the Liberated Areas

　　In July 1945, Huang Yanpei and six others were invited to visit Yan'an as national political suffragettes and were warmly received by Mao Zedong and other leading comrades of the CPC. During his five-day stay in Yan'an, he spent the rest of his time freely, except for attending the welcome meeting, symposium, and individual conversations of the central leading comrades held by the CPC Central Committee. Huang Yanpei, Chu Fucheng, and Leng Suo used their precious time to go to factories, shops, schools, field visits, free conversations with workers, peasants, and cadres, and inquire about prices and living conditions. The trip to Yan'an was Huang Yanpei's long-cherished wish in his life, and he pursued the motto of "seeking truth from reason and seeking truth from everything" throughout his life. What is Yan'an, hearing is believing. In Yan'an, he witnessed the support and achievements of the Chinese Communist Party's administrative policies by the broad masses of the people. He praised the good social atmosphere in Yan'an, and he saw that not an inch of land was barren, no one was idle, and the relationship between the military and the government and between the military and the people was harmonious. During his time in Yan'an, Mao Zedong met with Huang Yanpei many times. On July 4, Mao Zedong invited Huang Yanpei and Leng Suo to his home as guests, and after an afternoon of long talks, Mao Zedong asked Huang Yanpei: What are your feelings after visiting Yan'an for a few days? Huang Yanpei said, "I was born for more than 60 years, I have heard and heard nothing, and what I have seen with my own eyes is really 'its rise and fall, and its demise is also abrupt', a person, a family, a group, a place and even a country, have not been able to jump out of the domination of this cycle rate, hoping to find a new way to jump out of the domination of the cycle rate." Mao Zedong replied, "We have found a new road, this new road is democracy, only by letting the people supervise the government, the government does not dare to slacken off, only when everyone rises up and takes responsibility, will no one die in the government." Huang Yanpei nodded his head and said yes, thinking that "using democracy to break this cyclical law is afraid that it is effective." This is the "cave pair" that has been passed down to this day.

　　Yan'an exercised Huang Yanpei breathed fresh air in the Liberated Areas, which was not available in the Guotong District. In particular, he had a long talk with Mao Zedong and received great enlightenment, and in the Liberated Areas he saw the dawn of a bright China and enhanced his confidence in building a new China.

　　After returning to Chongqing, many people came to Huang Yanpei to inquire about the visit to Yan'an, and some invited him to give a report. He felt the need to write a book he had seen and heard in Yan'an, named "The Return of Yan'an", and after the manuscript was completed, he broke through the prohibition of the Kuomintang news blockade and published it himself through the Guoxun Bookstore, the first edition of 20,000 copies, sold out, and then republished in the next edition, becoming a sensational bestseller in the Kuomintang region. Huang Yanpei told the public the real situation in the Liberated Areas, breaking the Kuomintang's malicious rumors and slanders against the Liberated Areas, and if the manuscript was sent to the Kuomintang government inspection organs for examination, it would inevitably be withheld, and this pamphlet would not be published. Huang Yanpei was selfless and fearless, not afraid of the reactionary authorities labeling him "you propaganda for the Communist Party," and his "refusal to inspect" action was praised by people in the cultural, educational, and publishing circles.

　　Founded the Democratic National Construction Association to fight side by side with the Communist Party of China

　　After returning from a visit to Yan'an, Huang Yanpei immediately interviewed Hu Weiwen, and the two reached a consensus in the discussions, that is, it is very necessary to establish a political organization dominated by democrats in the industrial and commercial circles and middle- and upper-class intellectuals in the cultural and educational circles who can play a role in peaceful nation-building and safeguard their own interests. Immediately, a preparatory group composed of Huang Yanpei, Hu Weiwen, Zhang Naiqi, Shi Fuliang, Sun Qimeng, and others completed all preparatory work after more than three months of intense work. On December 16, 1945, the Democratic Construction Association was officially established in the Southwest Industrial Building of Baixiang Street, Chongqing.

　　In its founding declaration, the China Democratic National Construction Association put forward that with the purpose of "democracy and construction" and the political proposition of "promoting democracy and opposing dictatorship, striving for peace, opposing civil war, demanding construction and opposing destruction", with the support of the Communist Party of China and together with the masses of the people, it actively participated in the patriotic democratic movement against dictatorship and civil war. In early 1946, Chiang Kai-shek instructed Xian Te to break into Huang Yanpei's apartment in Chongqing in broad daylight. At that time, Huang Yanpei was attending a meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to discuss the outline for peaceful nation-building, and after the rioters entered his apartment, they controlled the telephone, blocked the passage, tied up the staff, and rummaged through boxes and cabinets to search.

　　Since its establishment, Chiang Kai-shek has not recognized the CDB, excluded the CDB from the CPPCC session, raided the CDB several times, and banned the publications of the CDB organs. On May 3, 1947, the Kuomintang Central News Agency fabricated a claim that "the NLD and its incarnations, the Democratic Construction, the Democratic Progressive Party, and the Democratic League, have been controlled by the CCP, and their actions are in accordance with the will of the CCP." It was brazenly declared an "illegal organization" and banned. In order to preserve its strength, the MINJIAN was forced to turn to underground struggle, renamed the MINJIAN "Minli Company", and the MINJIAN Lingan Association carried out secret activities under the guidance of the underground party of the CCP. As the situation on the battlefield of liberation changed and the People's Liberation Army continued to win victories, Chiang Kai-shek became angry and demoralized, suppressed the patriotic democracy movement even more wildly, and put a number of well-known democrats under house arrest and put them on the blacklist of assassinations. Huang Yanpei lives in Shanghai, and his actions are closely monitored by secret agents, and his situation is very dangerous. On February 14, 1949, through the careful arrangements of the underground party of the Communist Party of China, in the name of Huang Yanpei's birthday, he disguised himself and left home when the guests were at the door, moved to his daughter's house for one night, boarded an outer ship and left Shanghai the next day to arrive in Hong Kong, and then transferred to the Liberated Areas. After Huang Yanpei arrived in Beiping, he made a radio broadcast on the radio station that "for the People's Liberation Army to approach Shanghai and ask the people of Shanghai to rise up and carry out a partial peace movement to welcome the liberation of Shanghai." When Chiang Kai-shek heard the news, he became angry and ordered the agents not to spare Huang Yanpei's son, Huang Jingwu. Huang Jingwu was working as an auditor at the Shanghai Central Bank, where he was engaged in underground activities, doing clandestine counter-insurgency work and preventing the Kuomintang central bank from smuggling its stocks of gold and silver to Taiwan. On May 12, Huang Jingwu was arrested and tortured by the Kuomintang Secrecy Bureau, but he preferred to die and was buried alive at the age of 46. Huang Yanpei lost his beloved son in his later years, very sad, but he was also strong, after the founding of New China Huang Jingwu was posthumously regarded as a revolutionary martyr, at the solemn memorial service held in Shanghai, Huang Yanpei said in the memorial text, "Jingwu was born in Chuansha on June 10, 2019 in the former Qing Dynasty, when I ran a primary school in Chuansha. Because of his speech in Nanhui County, he was arrested and imprisoned, and the governor of Liangjiang sent a telegram to the law on the spot, just one hour before the telegram arrived, and went to Japan after being saved. At that time, Jingwu was born less than 20 days ago. Unexpectedly, I lived for 72 years, and to this day my head is still on my neck, and Jingwu was arrested and died tragically. If you foresee that 8 days after your death, 6 million citizens of Shanghai will be liberated, and although you die tragically, you can rest assured. After Huang Yanpei suffered a major blow, his spirit was not crushed, the struggle did not retreat a step, he more clearly understood Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary nature, and the struggle for patriotism and democracy was stronger.

　　Attend the New Political Consultative Conference and participate in consultations on major national events

　　In late September 1949, the political consultative conference of the Chinese people was held in Beiping, and 12 comrades, including Huang Yanpei, attended the meeting on behalf of the democratic construction sector. In his opening speech, Mao Zedong solemnly declared to the world: "Our meeting is a meeting of the great unity of the people of the whole country" "Our work is written in the history of mankind, and it will show that the Chinese people, who account for a quarter of the total number of mankind, have since stood up." Huang Yanpei listened to the surging emotion, and he vividly compared the People's Republic of China to a "new building" at the meeting. The building was "propped up by many columns of reinforced concrete." "What are these pillars?" The first is the Communist Party of China, as well as various democratic parties, people's organizations, regions, the People's Liberation Army, ethnic minorities, overseas Chinese abroad, and other patriotic elements. What is the basis of these new buildings? From the theoretical basis, it is Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought... This new building has 5 gates, each of which is written with two big words, which are "independence, democracy, peace, unity, prosperity and strength."

　　On October 1, 1949, Huang Yanpei climbed the Tiananmen Tower to participate in the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China, witnessing the founding of the People's Republic of China and the opening of a new era of multi-party cooperation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

　　(The author is Cheng Wei, former vice chairman of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)