How did Qian Xuesen become? Is he a genius? I think there are no geniuses in the world, no one is born a great scientist. Qian Xuesen can achieve great achievements, in addition to his outstanding talent and diligence, there are many people who have deeply influenced him, taught him to be a man, and passed on his knowledge, which has led to this scientist who has made outstanding contributions to the country.
Qian Xuesen
When Qian Xuesen looked back on his life in his later years, he made a list of 17 people who had a profound impact on him in chronological order. Studying this list will give some inspiration.
The top two on the list are Qian Xuesen's parents — parents are the child's first teacher, and Qian Xuesen's parents are competent "first teachers", which goes without saying.
The last three on the list are Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Nie Rongzhen. After Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955, under their leadership and support, he completed the feats recorded in the annals of history. Among them, Nie Shuai is the direct leader of Qian Xuesen and has given great support to Qian Xuesen's work.
Qian Xuesen handwriting
What is impressive is the 12 in the middle. They have one thing in common:
All are Qian Xuesen's teachers, from primary school to university to study abroad; among the 12 people, 8 are primary and secondary school teachers, accounting for two-thirds.
It can be seen that the education received by a person in primary and secondary school will affect his life.
So, what influence did Qian Xuesen's teachers in primary and secondary school have on him? We might as well introduce a few of them.
In 1920, at the age of 9, Qian Xuesen transferred to the primary school attached to the Beijing Higher Normal School and met his grade teacher (i.e., class teacher) Yu Shijian. Qian Xuesen believes that his influence on himself is "extensive curiosity and writing." Qian Xuesen recalled that Teacher Yu Shijian taught calligraphy lessons, letting the students choose the writing posts of Ou, Yan, Liu, Zhao and others, and if they saw that the students did not write very well, they sat down and taught one by one, "What kind of characters teacher Yu writes, just like what kind of characters, calligraphy is very good, so that you have to love the art of calligraphy." Isn't Yu Shijian's patient and heuristic teaching method very capable of cultivating children's curiosity? Among the students Yu Shijian taught, in addition to Qian Xuesen, there was academician Luo Peilin, an electronic information engineering expert who was 2 years younger than Qian Xuesen.
In Qian Xuesen's list, 7 were his teachers at Shida High School (1923-1929).
Attached middle school director (i.e. principal) Lin Liru. Qian Xuesen believes that his influence on himself is "ethics (social development)." Lin Liru is a famous educator, he advocates civilian education and personality education, advocates that the task of secondary education is to "guide the radiation of young people's personality to all aspects", and advocates that students should be "full personality education" during the middle school period. Qian Xuesen recalled that Lin Liru "really made the Shida Affiliated Middle School a first-class school." It's amazing! It's not easy! When New China was founded in 1949, Lin Wasru was elected as a member of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and served as vice minister of the Ministry of Education.
Lin Liru
Lin Liru was a friend of Qian Xuesen's father, who took Qian Xuesen to the Lin family, passed a strict examination, and bai Lin Liru was a teacher. What to learn? Learn ethics. Strange? "Make-up lessons" are not for the sake of exams, but to learn how to be human. After Qian Xuesen was admitted to the attached middle school, Lin Liru served as his ethics class teacher, using the self-compiled lecture note "Essentials of Ethics" to teach students, telling students that "moral life is inherent - conscience", advocating students to cultivate "the virtues of temperance, bravery, justice, and matilation", and guiding students to establish a positive and correct outlook on life. Qian Xuesen recalled in his later years: "Lin Liru's class was very well taught. He spoke of ethics entirely from a materialist point of view of history. ”
Chinese (i.e. Chinese) teacher Dong Lu'an (also known as Yu Li). He graduated from the Beijing Higher Normal School in 1920 and participated in the "Burning of Zhao Jia Lou" during the May Fourth Movement in 1919. Qian Xuesen believes that Dong Luan's influence on himself is "a revolution in Chinese language and ideology." He recalled that Teacher Dong "was ideologically progressive, often discussed the shortcomings of the times in class, hated the Beiyang warlords, welcomed the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, taught us to read Lu Xun's works and Chinese classical literary works, and when I reached the third grade of high school, I was particularly interested in writing articles and sketches in chinese language", "Teacher Dong actually turned this class into an ideological and political education class and taught many great truths." We students have also learned a lot of truths from that time, and we want to thank Teacher Dong." Dong Lu'an also asserted that if Qian Xuesen learned, he would definitely become a great writer.
Dong Luan
Qian Xuesen is a "scholar" in science and engineering, but he has a profound literary and historical accomplishment, and can write a beautiful article, which is not unrelated to the influence of Teacher Dong. At the same time, Dong Luan also inspired the students' patriotic and national salvation ideas, and Qian Xuesen's patriotic feelings and the influence of Teacher Dong should also have a certain relationship. Later, Dong Lu'an served as the head of the Department of Chinese Literature at Yenching University. After the fall of Peiping in 1937, he resolutely refused to cooperate with the Japanese and puppets and was placed under house arrest. In 1942, he left Beiping in disguise and went to the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region to join the anti-Japanese war team, and died of illness in Beijing in 1953 and was buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. Qian Xuesen recalled: "After the liberation of the whole country, I saw the name of Teacher Dong in the newspaper, and he was one of the responsible persons of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee. When I returned to my motherland in 1955, Mr. Dong had already passed away and had not been able to see him again. ”
Art teacher Gao Xishun, a friend familiar with the Chinese painting industry, should not be unfamiliar with this name, he is a famous painter and art educator. At the same time, he also has another identity - a classmate of the great Mao Zedong in the First Division in Hunan. After graduating from the First Division in Hunan, he was admitted to the National Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing to study, and after graduation, he taught at the Affiliated Middle School of Beijing Normal University and became Qian Xuesen's art teacher. Qian Xuesen believes that Gao Xishun's influence on himself is "painting, art, music." He recalled: "Our art teacher, Gao Xishun, opened a summer painting training class during the summer vacation and taught Western painting, and my father was very supportive of me. I couldn't afford oil paint so I studied painting with watercolor and Chinese painting, and then I did well. At that time, Qian Xuesen put a lot of effort into painting, and his two paintings were preserved by the school as "fan works". His brother Qian Xuewen once saw a painting of his at a friend's house in Hong Kong and wanted to buy it at a high price, but the owner thought it was a priceless treasure and would not sell.
Gao Xishun
Under the influence of teachers such as Gao Xishun, Qian Xuesen was also very interested in music. At that time, the teacher would play records to the students with a hand-cranked mechanical record player in music class, teaching everyone to enjoy various pieces of music and learn to sing famous Chinese and foreign songs. He recalled: "Later, the sound of Beethoven's vision of the unity of the world has been stirring in my heart. Qian Xuesen has written many articles on art and the combination of art and technology, advocating the use of artistic accomplishment to open people's minds. In 1994, Qian Xuesen published the book "The Art of Science and the Science of Art", advocating the use of high and new technologies to serve cultural and artistic activities, reflecting the exploration of this great scientist in the field of aesthetics and art. Without profound artistic accomplishment, it is difficult to write such a work.
Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, and his profound scientific skills were also laid down in middle school. Of the 7 middle school teachers who had the deepest influence on him, 4 were science and engineering teachers.
Fu Zhongsun
The geometry teacher Fu Zhuan sun, the lecture is very concise, in-depth and simple, leaving a deep impression on the students. Qian Xuesen believes that Fu Zongsun's influence on himself is "geometry (mathematical theory)." For example, Teacher Fu told the students that the axiom of formulas, the definition theorem, is inferred from science and logic. This is true in the classroom, it is true outside, it is true in China, it is true in the whole world, even on Mars! Decades later, Qian Xuesen recalled the scene in Mr. Fu's class, saying: "He explained logical reasoning very thoroughly, and it was also modernized", "Listening to Mr. Fu's geometry class made me understand for the first time what rigorous science is."
Biology teacher Yu Junshi cultivated Qian Xuesen's hands-on ability. Before teaching Qian Xuesen, Yu Junshi first taught in his hometown of Jiangxi, and the students he taught were Fang Zhimin and Shao Shiping, famous revolutionaries. Qian Xuesen remembers that Teacher Yu liked to take students to the wild, catch animals, collect specimens, and teach them how to dissect frogs and earthworms. Once, Teacher Yu gave Qian Xuesen a snake and asked him to make a specimen, and told him that in the matter of making specimens, the first thing is to be bold, and the second is to be skilled.
In 1985, Qian Xuesen wrote a handwritten letter to Teacher Yu
After the founding of New China, Yu Junshi taught in the Department of Biology of Jiangxi University and often exchanged letters with Qian Xuesen. On February 5, 1982, in a letter to Teacher Yu, Qian Xuesen also recalled the scene more than half a century ago: "Accompanied the teacher to the Temple of Heaven in Beijing to collect insect specimens; at the teacher's residence, there were eggs and tofu soup at the teacher's residence; and the glass alcohol bottle was given snakes." I am grateful for my teacher's teachings! If I can do something for the country and the people, it is inseparable from the education of teachers! ”
Wang Heqing, a chemistry teacher, taught Qian Xuesen the knowledge of chemistry and the idea of paying attention to scientific experiments. More than half a century later, Qian Xuesen still remembers Wang Heqing's "chemical bonds are formed by the atomic shell layer" and other knowledge, which in the 1920s was the most "modern" chemical knowledge. While teaching students the principles, Wang Heqing paid special attention to cultivating students' ability to do experiments. Qian Xuesen recalled: "At that time, Shida Affiliated High School was very poor, but there were many chemical experiments, and the chemistry laboratory was open to students at any time. Due to insufficient funding, Qian Xuesen's reagents for chemical experiments were not pure, and the filter paper could only use the "Koryo paper" used by Beijingers to paste windows in winter. In the humble chemical laboratory, Qian Xuesen developed a strong interest in scientific experiments, and formed the idea that the theory must be corroborated with the experimental results, a habit he maintained all his life.
Li Shibo, a naturalist teacher, also likes to take students to the suburbs for field investigations and collect ore specimens. Although this is not an academic study, it allows students to experience the charm of nature and cultivate an interest in science. Li Shibo also pays attention to the fun of lectures. For example, he made up the hardness of minerals into a smooth rhyme, so that students could remember it at once. In 1982, when Qian Xuesen attended the 80th anniversary of the founding of Beijing Normal University, he also slipped out the smooth mouth made up by Teacher Li on the spot. He said, "Who taught us this?" It was our teacher Li Shibo, who made up this word, and I still memorize it to this day. ”
Qian Xuesen when he was studying at Shida Affiliated High School
From 1917 to 1929, Qian Xuesen spent 12 years studying at the Beijing Normal School, the Beijing Higher Normal School, and the Normal University. In particular, the 6 years of Shida Affiliated High School have laid a solid foundation for Qian Xuesen to create a lifetime of performance. In his later years, he recalled: "This is the 6 years I will never forget in my life.".
That era was the era of warlords fighting and the country was not peaceful. Qian Xuesen was fortunate that in a chaotic era, he went to a school with a school spirit and excellent learning style, and met a group of good teachers who did not dare to sink the country and had the ambition of education to save the country. In his later years, he told reporters that in the 6 years of the Beijing Normal University Affiliated High School, "I met a particularly excellent learning environment."
From Qian Xuesen's memories of the teachers, it is not difficult for us to see that some of them have made a good edification of Qian Xuesen's personality development and literary and artistic accomplishment, some have given good guidance to the scientific interests that inspired him, and some have imparted to him unforgettable knowledge. It should be said that Qian Xuesen's achievements should also have a part of the credit of these teachers. Therefore, until his old age, Qian Xuesen still remembered these middle school teachers who had inspired and educated him.
Qian Xuesen in his later years
In his later years, Qian Xuesen made a lot of thoughts about education and raised a famous question: "Why can't our schools always cultivate outstanding talents?" This question is called "Qian Xuesen's question."
Now, the social environment and hardware facilities of Chinese education have been earth-shakingly improved compared with the era when Qian Xuesen went to school nearly a hundred years ago. I think that when the famous "Qian Xuesen's Question" is answered, it should not be too far away, right?