The Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor are also known as the first ancestors of Chinese humanities, and it is also from the Yanhuang era that our Chinese civilization began to enter the national civilization from the primitive Neolithic era.
However, due to the fact that the ancient Yanhuang era was relatively far away from later generations, and no writing and historical officials had yet been produced, the records of the second emperor of Yanhuang were all posthumous records, and the source of the posthumous records was passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation by generation of Chinese ancestors.
It is precisely for this reason that the most memorable content can often be handed down, such as the battle of Zhuolu that changed the world and the titles of tribal leaders with great influence, such as the Yellow Emperor, the Yan Emperor, and Xuan You.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > however, the memories handed down by oral teaching alone have also led to confusion and even mixed with many magic factors in the details and logic of historical facts. </h1>
According to the historical records, the earliest co-lord of the Huaxia tribe was the Shennong clan, the Yandi was the honorific title of the last Shennong clan, and Xuan You was the subject or branch of the Yandi. By the time of the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan, the so-called "Shennong clan declined." The princes invaded each other and abused the people, and the Shennong clan was enlisted."
As a result, the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan defeated Emperor Yan and Xuan You through the Battle of Hanquan and the Battle of Zhuolu successively, "the princes Xianzun Xuanyuan was the Son of Heaven, and the Shennong clan was for the Yellow Emperor", and the Yellow Emperor won the status of tribal co-lord through war.
However, the outcomes of Emperor Yan and Xuan You, who were also defeated, were very different, and the former co-lord Yan Emperor became an ally of the Yellow Emperor and was called "Yan Huang" (also known in the history books as Huang Yan), while Xuan You was executed by the Yellow Emperor in the most brutal way.
In 1973, the "Ten Great Classics" were unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, which recorded: "After the Yellow Emperor captured and killed You, he stripped him of his leather and thought that he was a dry marquis, so that people could shoot him, and many of them were rewarded." The day of cutting his hair and building it is called the name of the clam you jing; at best, his stomach thinks that it is a bow, and it makes people cling to (kick) it. He who has many will be rewarded; he who will rot his flesh and bones, and throw it into bitterness, so that the people of the world will eat it."
Coincidentally, the Japanese history book Nihon Shoki mentions the court shooting in September of the fourth year of Emperor Kiyoning (484 AD), and explains that the reason for this ceremony is that "Xuanyu and the Yellow Emperor competed for the world." The copper-headed iron body, the battle saka Izumino, and the bow blade cannot harm his body... Therefore, the first time to shoot its spirit, to the town of the country."
Although The Japanese knot shooting was influenced by the spread of Chinese customs, it corroborated the record of the ending of The Ten Classics of Mawangdui from the side, that is, after the death of The Dragon You, he was used as a target for archery and a ball for the bow. The evolution into cultural practices shows that it has a long history.
Whether the Yellow Emperor really invented the Keju or the Warring States Historian's ChiselIng Annex, we leave it alone, but the basic facts reflected in these records are clear: Xuanyu was indeed dismembered by the Yellow Emperor. In the oral history of the Miao compatriots who claimed to be descendants of Xuan You, it was also oral legend that Xuan You was defeated and died tragically.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="41" > then we can't help but ask, what exactly did Xuan You do that would make the Yellow Emperor so angry that he would take drastic measures to execute him? </h1>
The reason given by the Book of Shang is that "Xuan You only started to rebel and extended to the commoners"; the interpretation of the Book of Yi Zhou is that "Xuan You is chasing the emperor and fighting for the river of Zhuolu ... The Red Emperor was afraid of the Yellow Emperor"; the "Records of History" says that "Xuan You is the most violent, mo nengfa", "Xuan You is in turmoil, do not use the emperor's order".
The above-mentioned history books, without exception, are influenced by the concept of "orthodoxy", portraying Xuan You as a cruel and riotous image, the so-called king defeated Kou, and the reason why Xuan You was killed was only because of "rebellion and rebellion".
Obviously, this reason is untenable.
First of all, the Yellow Emperor, as a "foreigner", was not the lord of Xuan You, and after replacing the position of Emperor Yan, for "those who are not in the world, the Yellow Emperor will thus enlist", the Yellow Emperor obtained the status of co-lord through war, and it was natural to encounter resistance. So why were none of the resisters led by Emperor Yan killed, but Xuan you had to be brutally killed?
Secondly, just after Xuan You's death, the world was in turmoil again, and the Yellow Emperor had no choice but to "paint the image of Xuan You to threaten the world, and the world is salty and says that Xuan You is not dead, and all the eight countries are martyred." Among the cultural customs that have been passed down from generation to generation, on the one hand, it is the condensation of the "evil" of Xuanyou, and on the other hand, it is the worship and belief in Xuanyou.
Needless to say, the Miao people's respect for the ancestor Xuan You, in addition, in North China and even Japan and South Korea there is a custom of worshiping Xuan You as a warrior god, and the Puppet Opera in Guizhou, Jiangxi, and Hunan all have the purpose of paying tribute to Xuan You. The Western Han Dynasty's "Treatise on Salt and Iron" also compared Xuan You with Tang and Wu, and compared the han Dynasty famous general Wei Qing's expulsion of the Xiongnu to Xuan You's soldiers.
This contradiction of lifting one side to the heavens and stepping on the other side shows that Xuanyu is by no means a tyrant who bullies all the peoples, otherwise there is absolutely no reason to be respected by future generations.
The records of later history books have been influenced by the Huayi view and the orthodox view, and the records of the Yanhuang era are so vague that we cannot even accurately know the living years of the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, and it is even more difficult to clearly sort out the real reasons why Xuan You provoked the Yellow Emperor. The truth still needs to be found from archaeological discoveries.
As mentioned above, the Battle of Zhuolu was a great war engraved in the memory of the Chinese ancestors, and this war must have had a great impact on the ancestors at that time, so that it can be passed down to this day.
Archaeological data show that around 3000 BC is the longshan culture to replace the Yangshao culture of the staging line, it is worth noting that the Yangshao culture is dominated by red pottery, Shang Hong (YanDi is also known as the Red Emperor, also Shang Hong); and the Longshan culture is dominated by gray pottery, still black.
There is no direct inheritance relationship between Longshan culture and Yangshao culture, and the Yangshao culture that has existed for more than 2,000 years is replaced by Longshan culture. In the Yangshao culture period, China's ancestors ended the fishing and hunting life, entered a relatively stable stage of farming, in the cultural sites around 5000 BC, stone slugs and bone shovels appeared in large quantities, confirming the historical record of "Shennong because of the time of heaven ... Making the trees, teaching the people to cultivate... Therefore, it is called Shennongya".
"Corpse" has a cloud: "The seventy generations of the Shennong clan have the world", according to the rough calculation of the 30 years of the first life, the time node of the Shennong clan becoming the co-lord of the world just points to around 3000 BC.
According to the calculation of the Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty Project, the establishment of the Xia Dynasty was about 2070 BC, then dayu's life age would obviously be earlier than this time, and according to the rough calculation of the 30 years of the First Dynasty, the yellow emperor's survival age also just pointed to around 3000 BC. That is, the Yellow Emperor changed the dynasty and became the co-lord of the world, which is confirmed by the archaeological discovery of the Longshan culture replacing the Yangshao culture.
Of course, the evidence is more than that. The legend of the Battle of Zhuolu is full of myths such as "the Yellow Emperor made the dragon store water, and the clams especially indulged in heavy wind and rain", stripping off the mythological cloak, which reflected the ancient climate anomaly. Meteorologists studying the meteorological changes in North China around 3000 BC found that there was an ice age cold front in North China during this period, and the temperature fluctuated sharply.
In this way, according to archaeological findings, we have figured out the corresponding archaeological culture types of Yandi and Huangdi and the general age of survival.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > so where is Xuanyu? </h1>
The Book of Yi zhou once recorded that "Xuan Youyu Yu Shao Hao (皞)", Shao Hao's geographical outlook is not in doubt, corresponding to the Dawenkou culture in Shandong, which spanned the Yangshao and Longshan cultures of the Central Plains.
Later, archaeologists did find the Dasikong village type belonging to the Yangshao cultural relics in the junction area of Shandong, Hebei and Henan provinces, and the residents who created the Dasikong village type migrated from the core area of Yandi - Miaodigou type area.
This discovery coincides with the history books of Emperor Youyan's tongzong and Diwang's adjacent Shaohao. Obviously, this is the base camp of Xuan you.
What Xuan You occupied was the most suitable area for the development of farming under the background of sudden climate change at that time (with Anyang as the center), with lofty mountains and arches on the outside, fertile fields on the inside, and developed agriculture was the basic premise of breeding population, so that Xuan You could have super economic and military strength, so that the Yellow Emperor was invincible in nine battles, leaving the mighty image of Xuan You "copper-headed iron forehead, sand and gravel" for future generations.
Then the reason for the war between the Yellow Emperor and Xuan You gradually became clear, in order to compete for a more suitable living area.
It is not only the Yellow Emperor tribe that also covets this area. Archaeology of Dawenkou culture in Shandong province found that when the Dasikong village type (蚩You) existed, the Dawenkou culture was able to develop to the east, even as far as the Liaodong Peninsula, but it was never able to cross the Yellow River, and after the rise of Longshan in Yangshao, the Dawenkou culture directly entered the Central Plains, and the early Longshan culture was filled with many characteristics of the Dawenkou culture.
Obviously, xuan you's existence blocked both the Yellow Emperor and Shao Hao.
This discovery explains the myth and legend that "the Yellow Emperor was invincible, returned to Taishan (referring to Mount Tai), met a woman, the head of a bird, called herself a xuannu, and taught the Yellow Emperor the method of victory", that is, the Yellow Emperor and the bird totem tribe Shaohao formed an alliance to jointly deal with Xuan You and share the living area, so that the phenomenon of the early Longshan culture pervading the Dawenkou factor would occur.
The Yellow Emperor's anger at Xuan You, on the one hand, stemmed from repeated defeats on the battlefield, and on the other hand, because of the competition for the living area, only by killing and deterring, the Jiuli tribe that originally lived here would be forced to migrate. This is the truth of the Ancient Wars.