In 1912, Hu Qiaomu was born in a patriotic family in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, influenced by the family environment, he liked to read since childhood, loved to write poetry, and showed excellent writing skills at a young age.
Relying on this stroke, Hu Qiaomu eventually became chairman Mao's personal secretary, experienced the ups and downs of China in the war years, and personally experienced the history of the founding of the republic to the reform and opening up to the world.
Behind the important documents and articles of the CPC, he drafted or participated in the drafting, which not only influenced the historical process of the Chinese revolution, but also became a classic document in the history of the CPC and the history of the Republic. He wrote with a pen the pursuit of the truth of life and the course of the Chinese revolution.
As chairman Mao's former secretary, he was the first pen of the CPC Central Committee, and he reached the rank of vice-state.
Hu Qiaomu
Hu Qiaomu's father, Hu Qidong, was a celebrity in Yancheng, his poetry was well-known in the local literary circles, and his mother was a hard-working and virtuous housewife, and the family conditions were relatively rich, so Hu Qiaomu lived in a happy, rich and enlightened family environment from an early age.
At that time, the trend was to learn and excel, and Hu Qidong was elected to the second parliament after Lai Won-hung succeeded him as president. However, in the later incident of "Cao Kun's bribery election", the honest and honest Hu Qidong did not want to join these bribed parliamentarians and resigned and returned to his hometown of Yancheng.
Hu Qidong
This short eunuch trip of his father had a subtle influence on Hu Qiaomu, and during his university years, he actively participated in leading the anti-Japanese patriotic movement of Students and workers in Peiping, and was very active in the political movement.
Hu Qiaomu studied very hard, from childhood to adulthood, the results are among the best, and finally admitted to the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, although he studied science and engineering, but by his father Hu Qidong's love of writing poetry, Hu Qiaomu also loved to write poetry, with his wide range of coverage, his articles were sharp and full of ideological strength, which was very famous among young revolutionary students at that time.
Soon after, his outstanding performance attracted the attention of important figures of the time, and he soon assumed some important leadership positions in the cultural circles and the CCP, responsible for propaganda activities for young people.
In 1940, "China Youth" published a "Letter of Chairman Shangjiang" in the name of the Northwest Youth Salvation Congress, in which the article sharply criticized the Kuomintang's one-party dictatorship over the region and its lack of democratic rule, which had a very bad impact on school education and youth growth.
After the article was published, it quickly had a great impact on the domestic academic circles, and everyone was asking who wrote this talented article. The author of this article is none other than 28-year-old Hu Qiaomu.
Chairman Mao read several articles by Chairman Hu qiaomu and greatly appreciated his literary style and ideological consciousness, and soon after Hu Qiaomu was transferred to be Chairman Mao's secretary.
At first, because Hu Qiaomu was younger, Chairman Mao did not let Hu Qiaomu draft some important documents. On June 22, 1941, Germany tore up the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact and launched an offensive against the Soviet Union. At that time, the country was in the white-hot stage of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and at this time, the Soviet Union's every move would inevitably attract close attention at home.
Germany's early superiority caused some domestic fears of the defeat of the Soviet Union, and the military's military spirit against the Japanese united front was shaken to a certain extent. After several days of deliberation, Chairman Mao decided to have Hu Qiaomu write an editorial that night to encourage the people at home to win the war against fascism.
This article is published in the "Liberation Daily" famous "Su Will Win, De Will Lose." This article was the first important article hu qiaomu wrote after serving as Chairman Mao's secretary, and after listening to chairman Mao's thoughts on the article, Hu Qiaomu spent only an hour writing out the manuscript.
When Hu Qiaomu took the manuscript to Chairman Mao for review, Chairman Mao picked up a pen and simply revised a few places, and then agreed to send it for publication. After the editorial was published, the good response made Hu Qiaomu famous.
This article was written on a tight schedule, written that night, and published the next day. Moreover, the content involved is very important, not only related to the ideological trend of the domestic War of Resistance Against Japan but also to the relations and struggles between the major powers in the world, but hu Qiaomu, the "fast gunner", still fulfilled the task brilliantly.
Although Chairman Mao did not say anything praise, in the subsequent work, he handed over more and more important articles to Hu Qiaomu, which shows Chairman Mao's importance and appreciation. As a result, Hu Qiaomu wrote to Chairman Mao's side with a pen.
Hu Qiaomu once said: "All my life I have been engaged in political work, all of which are for political service, but politics must serve the people, if it is not to serve the people, the direction will be biased." "When he worked at Chairman Mao's side, his whole life was indeed devoted to the cause of the people.
On the one hand, because Chairman Mao often made impromptu speeches, Hu Qiaomu often needed to quickly write an article in a short period of time relying on an outline or a few key points.
Hu Qiaomu read a wide range of books and has a wide range of knowledge, and it can be said that he knows astronomy and geography, but despite this, working next to the chairman, he often feels that his knowledge is not enough. Drafting some relevant editorials or commentaries for the Chairman often requires careful consideration word by word, and some ideas and theoretical expressions must find suitable words.
But Hu Qiaomu completed the task very efficiently every time, in addition to his profound writing skills, behind which was his serious attitude towards the deliberation of the article.
On the other hand, because Chairman Mao was accustomed to working at night, Hu Qiaomu, as a secretary, had to be on call, assign tasks at any time, and be ready to write articles at any time. Then Hu Qiaomu drafted according to the requirements and then finally examined and approved by the chairman, and then revised and published.
Hu Qiaomu often faced a situation where he had just taken sleeping pills and was ready to fall asleep, but when the chairman called, he had to take a stimulant immediately to get up and work, and in the long run, Hu Qiaomu's body and spirit were under great pressure. Behind countless excellent articles are hu qiaomu getting up again and again late at night to work under the lamp.
Therefore, Chairman Mao once praised Hu Qiaomu and said: "By relying on trees, there is food to eat." ”
On the one hand, this naturally means that Hu Qiaomu's excellent performance in his work has made great contributions to propaganda and public opinion, and there is also a saying that at that time, the chairman of northern Shaanxi had to command both the operation and the propaganda public opinion, and sometimes he was too busy to eat, and Hu Qiaomu was able to ghostwrite for the chairman and let him have time to eat, which also reflected from the side the great responsibility and pressure that Hu Qiaomu undertook.
Chairman Mao once praised Hu Qiaomu as a typical example of an intellectual who "has the best ideological transformation and the most beautiful soul." This is to say that Hu Qiaomu has shown excellent performance in understanding Chairman Mao's thought and truly writing articles for the party and the people.
The famous "Serving the People" was compiled by Hu Qiaomu in Chairman Mao's impromptu speech after he deeply understood the core ideas of the Communist Party and the voices of the common people.
In 1944, when Communist Party member Zhang Side died from the collapse of a charcoal kiln, Chairman Mao suddenly offered to hold a memorial service for him and to speak at the meeting. This speech was recorded by Hu Qiaomu, and according to the chairman's speech, he added a sentence of Sima Qian's words: "Man is inherently dead, or heavier than Mount Tai, or lighter than Hong Mao." ”
This sentence succinctly points out that the fundamental interests of the Communist Party are to serve the people, and the value of every Communist is to take the interests of the people as the primary interest. After Hu Qiaomu's revision, the speech finally became "Serving the People", which accurately expressed the original intention of the Communist Party and became one of the most important articles in Chairman Mao's anthology, which was widely circulated.
Later, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee.
Zhang Side
As Chairman Mao's closest ideological assistant, Hu Qiaomu was deeply influenced and taught by Chairman Mao and had great respect for Chairman Mao, and Chairman Mao also had very deep feelings for this "pen holder."
In his later years, Hu Qiaomu, because of long-term overwork and mental pressure, could hardly continue to write. Chronic neurasthenia prevented him from sleeping and could not engage in mental activity. As a last resort, he wrote to Chairman Mao requesting a period of leave. Chairman Mao quickly agreed to Hu Qiaomu's leave.
He not only proposed some cultivation experience to Hu Qiaomu, but also clearly proposed that he should not care about anything and concentrate on cultivation for a year or two in order to reassure him about his illness. During the period when he was recuperating, he also regained his hobby of writing poetry, and successively pointed out his works to Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao, on the other hand, was willing to take time out of his busy schedule to revise and affirm.
In the end, more than a dozen poems were published in the People's Daily at the suggestion of Chairman Mao, which shows that they are not only tacit understanding between working partners but also sympathetic feelings between friends. In his later years, he always wanted to record with a pen his personal experience of the revolutionary cause and the history of the development of the Chinese Communist Party over the decades.
In 1992, when Hu Qiaomu was left in the hospital because of his terminal cancer, he said to his wife Gu Yu from his hospital bed: "I want to live to be ninety years old, and I hope to do two things: one is to complete the writing of the memoirs of the chairman's political activities in the 1950s; the other is to rewrite a complete work on the history of the Communist Party of China." ”
Unfortunately, in the last few years of his life, the illness tormented him, making him die with deep regret for his unfinished business. His life was throughout the interpretation of the revolutionary cause and the writing of Marxist theory, and under the guidance of Chairman Mao, he used his pen to write one classic document after another, witnessing the development of Chinese history and the creation of the times.
From assisting Deng Xiaoping in drafting "Upholding the Four Cardinal Principles" to publishing a lecture in the United States on "Why China Made the Mistake of 'Left' Leaning for Twenty Years"; from writing "On the Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat Again" to writing "The Revolution in Tibet and the Philosophy of Jawaharlal Nehru", many have become classic documents.