Tianma authentic cultivation techniques

Meaning red arrow, dingfeng grass, water potato, is a perennial herb of the orchid family, is a valuable herb for the treatment of nervous system diseases, the medicinal part is underground tuber, gastrodia sweet taste, flat sex, with the effect of extinguishing the liver fire, improving qi and fixing alarm, nourishing the liver and relieving spasms. There is no obvious difference in the form and efficacy of artificial and local cultivation of gastrodia and wild gastrodia, so the development of artificial cultivation of gastrodia is an effective measure to solve the decreasing number of wild gastrodia. Authentic (or cave) warm in winter and cool in summer, suitable for the growth and development of gastrodia, is an ideal place to cultivate gastrodia. Authentic cultivation of gastrodia has high yield, simple technology, little investment, low cost, easy management, and can avoid a large degree of human, animal, disease and insect hazards.

Since gastrodia cannot be self-nourishing, its growth must be provided with basic nutrients by dense ring bacteria. Mycycline fungus belongs to the order Umbellifera, Umbellifera, Umbellifera, is a kind of edible and medicinal bacteria. It has a special symbiotic relationship with gastrodia, and when cultivated artificially, it is necessary to cultivate dense ring bacteria on suitable wood as a nutrient matrix.

1. The selection of tunnels The tunnels where gastrodia is cultivated should have the following conditions: (1) the tunnel should have a low temperature period of more than 10 °C for more than one month in winter; (2) the summer temperature should not exceed 28 °C to facilitate the growth of gastrodia in summer; (3) there should be closed openings at both ends of the tunnel to facilitate the adjustment of the temperature and humidity in the cave. Shallow tunnels are generally preferred. Before cultivation, the tunnel is cleaned and leveled, and a small ditch is opened by the two walls, and the inner wall is preferably painted and sterilized with sulfur or formaldehyde.

2. Cultivation time The next planting period is 1 to 2 months, at this time the tunnel temperature is generally around 12 ° C, the dense bacteria can grow, and the gastrodia is still in the dormant period: by March to May (the temperature rises above 15 ° C), the gastrodia begins to germinate and the dense ring fungus has grown well, and has established a symbiotic relationship with the gastrodia.

3. Cultivate seedlings In the construction of mushroom cellars 2 to 3 months before planting gastrodia, the method is: lay bricks or pebbles on the ground floor, leave a 1 cm gap between the bricks to facilitate ventilation and drainage, and then build a brick pond with a width of 1 meter and a height of 45 cm on it, and the length is determined by the number of fungi. There is no need to bond between the upper and lower bricks, and there is a 1 cm gap between the left and right bricks. The filler is a mixture of rice husks and yellow sand (volume ratio 1:1), with a water content of about 30%, first laying 6 cm of filler, and then laying a water content of 40%, cutting with fish scales and 80 cm of new timber section wood. Several roots of fungus are placed on the surgical edge of the new material segment, and the gaps are filled with fillers. As shown above, a second floor can be laid, and 4 to 5 floors can be laid. Finally, cover 4 to 5 cm with a filler with a water content of about 50%. Check the water content of the filler every 3 to 5 days, if the water content is insufficient, you should sprinkle water to preserve the amount. Usually pay attention to loose soil ventilation, which is conducive to the growth of fungal cords. Well-cultivated fungus will have a large number of fungus protruding from the ground.

4. Cultivation of gastrodia In the tunnel, it is generally most practical to use bricks to build a pit for cultivation. The stacking cellar is built in the same way as the fungus cellar. At the bottom of the cellar, a mixture of 6 cm thick wood chips (or rice husks) and sand (volume ratio is 1:1), and the fungus is discharged side by side, and the distance between the fungus is 3 to 4 cm. Fill the voids with fillers to make the fungus semi-buried. Place a seed hemp at both ends of each mushroom and at the mouth of the fish scales. Place a covering immediately above the fungus. The thickness is preferably that the fungus is shallowly buried. In this way, a total of 2 to 3 layers can be laid, each layer is poured with enough water, and finally covered with a 12 cm thick cover, and poured enough water, and the moisture content is based on the surface is not dry.

Authentic gastrodia can be sexually propagated. New seeds of gastrodia can be sprinkled on the fungus, and after one and a half years, they can produce arrow hemp, white hemp and rice hemp. Asexual reproduction usually takes place from November to March of the following year. Generally, white hemp and rice hemp are used as seed hemp and planted on both sides of the fungus. The density of hemp is 300 g/m2. Usually, the upper layer produces more arrows and more hemp, and the lower layer produces more white hemp.

Because the temperature of the tunnel is stable, but the humidity changes greatly, therefore, controlling the humidity of the substrate and air is the key, generally from November to March of the following year, the climate is dry, you can lay a layer of straw on the rice husk and river sand, and sprinkle water with a sprinkler to replenish water. From August to October, the tunnel is wet; it can be adjusted by increasing the ventilation and ventilation volume with the fan blower.

In the early stage of gastrodia cultivation, because the dense ring fungus and gastrodia have not yet been combined; the gastrodia has not germinated, the water content of the filler should be controlled at about 25%, and the excessive water content will affect the growth of the dense ring bacteria and make the seed hemp rot. In the middle period, due to the germination of gastrodia, rapid growth, water demand gradually increased, then the water content of the filler should reach about 50%, and light watering, frequent watering, such as filler plate knot should be loosened in time after watering. After the formation of arrow hemp, the humidity should be reduced to prevent decay.

The reasons for the decay of gastrodia are: the use of fillers for many years, the excessive water content of the fillers, and the infection of bacteria by bacteria. The main insect pest of gastrodia is pseudophyllum, which can be hunted or drugged.

5. Harvest gastrodia growth period is long, generally harvested in late autumn and early winter, harvesting will be all kinds of gastrodia separate, arrow hemp in addition to the seeds, the rest of the processing or medicinal materials, generally small white hemp is suitable for seed hemp. If the hemp is not cultivated immediately, the tail nutrient propagation stem should be removed, dried cool for 1 to 2 days, and preserved in a wooden box. The preservation method is as follows: lay a layer of seed hemp, cover with a layer of yellow sand, put another layer of seed hemp, and so on 4 to 5 layers. Wooden boxes should be placed on the ground at low temperatures of 4 °C in winter. After hibernation, the growth force of gastrodia is strong, should be inspected frequently, if the surface of 3 to 5 cm of sand is dried, should be sprayed with water in an appropriate amount to prevent gastrodia from drying up, sprinkling water should be less and even, too heavy and too diligent will make gastrodia rot. In general, the ground-preserved hemp generally germinates in early April, so it is more conducive to the growth of gastrodia to be stored on the ground for 45 to 60 days