Haizhu District South China West area, is one of the most rich in Guangzhou cultural characteristics of the region, Tongfuxi Street as a part of the greater South China West, also has the most distinctive characteristics of Guangzhou culture, Tongfu West Street No. 6 is the site of the Red Cross Panyu Branch, is an important historical site, but this Western-style building and its Western-style building complex has not been given due attention, and now it is dilapidated, facing the fate of being demolished.
When you think of the Red Cross, you usually think of Shanghai. After the Opium War, Shanghai replaced Guangzhou as China's most important export-oriented city, but after all, Guangzhou was the first to get the wind, and the various undertakings were not willing to be left behind. The revolutionary tradition of the Red Cross Society of China comes from Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen, who studied medicine at Guangzhou Boji Hospital, was commissioned by the London Red Cross physician Ko Shibin to translate Ke's "The First Law of the Red Cross to Save injuries" written by Ke Shi into Chinese published in Britain after the Disaster in London in 1897. This is one of the earliest Chinese documents of the Red Cross. In 1904, the Shanghai "Declaration" published an article entitled "China Should Enter the Red Cross Society", pointing out that "Sun Wen's translation of the First Law of the Red Cross for Saving injuries is also quite useful." "In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War broke out, Shen Dunhe organized the Red Cross Society in Shanghai, and Guangzhou doctors Ma Dachen, Zhu Qiliang and others also discussed the establishment of a Red Cross Society in Guangzhou, organizing ambulance teams to go to the northeast to carry out rescue work, because China did not join the Founding Organization of All Nations (the predecessor of the International Red Cross Society) at that time, it was not recognized by both the belligerents, so it failed to do so, but Ma Dachen still prepared a medical rescue institution in Guangzhou, which was the predecessor of the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital. In 1905, Ma Dachen, Wu Hanzhi and others formally established the "Guangdong Red Cross Society", which was later renamed the "Guangdong Red Cross Society", and submitted a petition to the Consultative Department of the Governor's Office of Liangguang for filing a case, which was soon approved for official registration. In the same year, the "Guangdong Red Cross Society" moved to Henan, Guangzhou City, and was renamed the "Panyu Branch of the Red Cross Society". The name of the Guangzhou Red Cross Society has been changed, in 1916 it was renamed the Henan Branch of the Guangzhou Branch of the Red Cross Society of China, in 1918 it was renamed the Guangdong Henan Branch of the Red Cross Society of China, and in 1919 it was called the Panyu Branch of the Red Cross Society of China, which is actually the predecessor of today's Guangzhou Red Cross Society. In 1921, Soong Ching Ling became the honorary president of the three Red Cross Societies of Panyu, Nanhai and Shunde, and asked Sun Yat-sen to write an inscription for the Panyu Red Cross Society, and Sun Yat-sen wrote the word "fraternity" with a wave of the inscription. Throughout the history of the Red Cross in China, the Red Cross tradition originated in Guangzhou.
Volume 15 of the "Guangzhou Chronicle" and the "Chronicle of the Hospital of the Guangzhou Red Cross Society" both record that the original site of the Red Cross Society was on Tongfu Street. The "Guangzhou Police Regional 14th Annual Association Investigation Report" records that the official registered address of the Panyu Branch of the Red Cross of China is "Tongfuxi No. 6". Is No. 6 Tongfuxi the same as No. 6 Tongfuxi Street today? According to the 1924 "New Guangzhou City Road Map", the location of tongfu west street is the same as fuxi, and the name of the street in Guangzhou is often used as "about", which is common with the word "street". It can be seen that "Tongfuxi No. 6" is "Tongfuxi No. 6". Check the 32-year house deed of the Republic of China, which is "No. 6 Tongfuxi Street, Haidong Branch of Guangzhou City". The Settlement Agreement is No. 4 and No. 6. In the 1950s, the deed was No. 4, No. 6 and No. 8 Tongfu West Street, Tongfu Middle Road. It can be seen that today Tongfuxi Street No. 4 (No. 4 of 1, No. 2), No. 6, No. 8 is the "Tongfuxi No. 6" of that year. In the past, it was said that the site of the Red Cross was on Tongfu Avenue, which was a large geographical name, and the specific location should be the place name registered in the "Public Security Report". Therefore, the building at No. 6 Tongfuxi Street is the site of the Panyu Branch of the Red Cross Society and is an important historical building.
Speaking of the Panyu Branch of the Red Cross, it is naturally inseparable from the three main founders of the Red Cross, Wu Hanzhi, Ma Dachen and Zhang Zhujun, who are important participants in the Xinhai Revolution and are inextricably linked to the history of the Xinhai Revolution because of its special geographical location at No. 6 Fuxi Street.
Wu Hanzhi (1872-1914), a native of Taishan, Guangdong, met revolutionaries Cui Tongyue, Shi Jianru, Shi Jianran, Chen Shaobai and other revolutionaries during his medical practice in Hong Kong, and participated in revolutionary activities. In 1905, Tuqiang Medical Hall was founded in Jiucang Lane, Guangzhou, and also donated medicines to the poor people. The medical hall received a total of 40 boys, including revolutionaries Chen Yichuan and Zhou Yanming. In 1907, Liu Sifu, a member of the League, plotted to assassinate Li Zhun, the governor of Guangdong, at fengxiang Academy in Jiucang Lane, Guangzhou, and unfortunately injured himself by mistake, and Wu Hanzhi was arrested for taking students Chen Yichuan and Zhou Yanming to rescue and treatment. Zhang Shuchan, Zhu Zhixin, and Gu Yingfen joined forces with the academic circles to jointly sign a guarantee, and also asked Xia Tongyu, the superintendent of the School of Political Science and Law, to intercede at the inspector Dao Gong Xinzhan, and Wu Hanzhi was released. Wu Han insisted that Christianity should be autobiographical, self-taught, and organize the Chinese Christian Church, and Zhang Zhujun greatly appreciated it, and donated the Nanfu Hospital he founded to the Chinese Christian Church as a medicine and medicine center. Therefore, it is generally believed that the founders of the Red Cross Society are Wu Hanzhi, Ma Dachen and Zhang Zhujun. In 1911, Wu Hanzhi participated in the Xiangshan New Army Uprising instigated by Lin Junfu, Mo Jipeng and others in Macau. In 1913, Wu Hanzhi attended the first congress held in Beiping as one of ten representatives of Guangdong, but was secretly arrested by Yuan Shikai for opposing Yuan Shikai's autocracy and killed in Tianjin on August 9, 1913.
Zhang Zhujun (1876-1964), a native of Panyu, Guangdong, was born as an official eunuch, enrolled in Boji Hospital (Sun Yat-sen and Zheng Shiliang were both from the school) since childhood, and after graduating in 1900, he and Xu Zonghan founded Nanfu Hospital on the side of shuzhu Bridge on the south bank of the Pearl River, opening the first hospital in the female sector, becoming the first female Western doctor in Chinese history. Nanfu Hospital is also a lecture hall for Zhang Zhu's monarch Zhang Xinxue and women's rights, and Hu Hanmin and Ma Junwu are regular visitors. Zhang Zhujun and his close friend Xu Zonghan are both members of the League. In 1904, Zhang Zhujun opened a hospital in Shanghai and became the main leader of the Red Cross. After the Wuchang Uprising, Huang Xing returned from overseas and prepared to go to Wuhan to direct the war, but could not pass the blockade of the Qing court, Zhang Zhujun used the Red Cross ambulance team to cover Huang Xing's smooth arrival in Wuhan, and the ambulance team she led treated a large number of wounded soldiers and made great contributions to the Xinhai Revolution.
Ma Dachen was the main leader of the 1905 Boycott of American Goods in Guangzhou and the main founder of the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital. In 1911, after the Wuchang Uprising, Ma Dachen was ordered by Sun Yat-sen to lead the Red Tenth Society ambulance team to Nanjing and Shanghai to participate in the rescue of wounded soldiers.
Tongfu West Street No. 6 and "Henan King" Li Fulin also have a historical relationship. Li Fulin was a Kuomintang soldier from the Green Forest, who joined the League with Sun Yat-sen in his early years, led the People's Army to participate in the Xinhai Revolution, served as the commander of the 3rd Army of the Guangdong Army, and became the mayor of Guangzhou in September 1924. Since 1911, Li Fulin has been occupying Henan for 16 years, leaving behind many historical buildings, and there are Li Fulin Mansion and Yongtai Villa near Tongfu Avenue. Li Fulin Mansion was once the headquarters of the Third Army and the Fifth Army of the Cantonese Army, and the nearby Tongfuxi Street naturally belonged to the security range and was not inhabited by ordinary people, so most of the nearby houses changed owners during this period, and No. 6 Fuxi Street was purchased by Qiu Guangyuan, who was born in the green forest like Li Fulin, and was li Fulin's subordinate, and was an important force in Li Fulin's governance of Henan.
In 1900, after Zhang Zhujun graduated from Boji Hospital, Xu Zonghan funded the establishment of Nanfu Hospital by the Shuzhu Bridge. After the Guangdong Red Cross Society took over the hospital, because the site of the meeting was not far from Fuxi No. 6, it was convenient to manage, in addition to giving medicine and medicine, it also became an activity place and transit station for the Xinhai revolutionary volunteers, Huang Xing came here after being injured, escorted to Hong Kong by Xu Zonghan, and the two later became revolutionary partners. Xu Zonghan's former residence at No. 1 Xixia Street is a two-story building and is also an important historical relic. It can be seen that No. 6 Tongfuxi Street is an important part of the historical buildings of the Xinhai Revolution and an indispensable part of the historical tourism route of the Xinhai Revolution in Haizhu District.
Compared with The Li Fulin Mansion, the Tongfuxi Street complex is unusually lonely. Tongfuxi Street is 148 meters long and 3.8 meters wide, and the pavement of Qingshi Lane is a rare square and uniform street in haizhu District's "Great South China West", and its cultural implications are worth exploring. The buildings on both sides are mostly old-style green brick and stone feet, commonly known as "Xiguan House". Tongfuxi No. 6 (now No. 8, No. 4 one, two, No. 6) as one of the representatives, this building should be the earliest building in Tongfuxi, the specifications and quality of the green brick and stone feet are obviously better than other buildings, and the existing private houses in Haizhu District are extremely rare. In the 1970s, the landlord of this house was driven to the countryside of Dongguan, and the large house was divided into more than a dozen cabinet cages and housed in the "Seventy-two Houses" tenants, the internal structure of the house was completely changed, and the spacious nave hall became a forced cold alley. In the 1980s, tenants moved out and the house was returned to the landlord without internal restoration. In this disaster, the traces of the original use of the big house as a Red Cross hospital have been preserved, when the hospital's multiple convenient doors dug on the walls are still faintly arguable, and the reinforced concrete structure wells built by the hospital are also well preserved, which is probably one of the few wells of historical value that have been preserved in Guangzhou.
Tongfuxi Street became a "rotten tail land" at the end of the last century, only three or two old neighbors remained, most of the other houses were in ruins, people went to the empty building, from the broken windows and broken doors to see in, you can faintly see the outline of the big houses of that year, into the eyes are full of broken walls and ruins, some even have no roof. The bluestone in the alley shone with a cold light, and the facades on both sides fell off, looking hideous. Tongfuxi No. 6 is a green brick to the top, but there is some timeless vicissitudes.
Most of the small Western-style buildings on Tongfuxi Street were built in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, at least 70 years old, like Tongfuxi No. 6, which has a century-long history, and like other historical buildings, they are the carrier of Guangzhou's sense of urban history, have unique historical and cultural value, and should not be forgotten, let alone demolished.