Finisher's note: During the Spring Festival holiday of Ding You, when accompanying his family to visit the ancient town, he occasionally purchased several volumes of archival documents from his book friend Mr. Wang Bo, one of which was a record of Chen Wangdao's visit, which is worthy of attention.
The record was written on 20×15 green grid manuscript paper in nine pages. From paper and handwriting to some special simplified characters, variant characters and specific content, there is no doubt that the old archives can be judged as first-hand. The interviewers Ma Mansun, Shen Hengchun, Zhang Tingyu, and finally Shen Hengchun recorded it into a document, including four parts, totaling more than 2,300 words, although the narrative is relatively brief, only the main points of conversation, but the time span from 1920 to 1949, basically covers all aspects of Chen Wangdao's participation in party activities before liberation, involving a wealth of people and events.
Regarding Chen Wangdao's interview, the Journal of Fudan University published an article compiled by Ning Shufan and Ding Ganlin in the third issue of 1980 entitled "Memories of the Activities of the Shanghai Marxist Research Society -- Records of Comrade Chen Wangdao's Conversations During His Lifetime," which was the content of two visits in 1956 and 1963, but as the organizer 'p.S. ' Notes' said: "Due to time constraints, only part of the issues were discussed during the two visits. Subsequently, in the process of teaching and scientific research, we encountered some new problems and look forward to the opportunity to make a third visit. In the end, due to the influence of the Cultural Revolution, the third visit could not be realized, so the content of the published conversation only revolved around the activities of the Shanghai Marxist Research Association, and other experiences and experiences were lost.
Comparing the interview records compiled by Shen Hengchun with those of Mr. Ning and Ding Er, it can be found that the latter is an extended version of the first part of the former, and the memories of some characters and events are more specific, such as Chen Duxiu's "always biting his fingernails when speaking". However, the recollection of this stage of the deeds in the interview record of the new vision is not without escaped content, such as the Large Sign hanging from the third floor to the downstairs in the "May Thirtieth" Movement of Shanghai University, and sun Yat-sen also donated a part of it when Shanghai University borrowed money to build a house in Jiangwan, which helped to enrich our understanding of historical events. The other three parts involve many historical facts, which may be exactly what Ning and Ding Er are looking forward to interviewing. In addition, Shang Ding visited Chen Wangdao on July 2, 1962, on issues related to Taibai magazine, and in 1982, he published it in Publishing Historical Materials under the title of "Taibai's Editor-in-Chief Talks about 'Taibai'".
It should be pointed out that there is an obvious error in the record of the visit of The New See, that is, the first part of the "Cloud on the Marxist Research Society" "Later Shi Fuliang, Shi Cuntong, etc. also participated", in fact, Shi Fuliang and Shi Cuntong were the same person, and the error here was caused by the negligence of the visitor. In addition, it cannot but be pointed out that the time of the visit was recorded on January 16, 1951 according to the original manuscript, and The teacher Qian Yimin of the History Museum of Fudan University reminded that at this time, Chen Wangdao's identity was the deputy director of the Fudan University Council and had not yet served as the president, and the interview record said that Chen Wangdao was the president, which was inconsistent with the history.
In addition, several people mentioned in the manuscript, such as Chen Zizhan and Le Sibing, were called "rightists", which was not possible in 1951. The reason for this problem is speculated by the author to be caused by a clerical error during the transcription. In addition to the two inconsistencies pointed out above, the fourth part of the draft also mentions that "the three institutes of the Beijing Institute of History once visited President Chen Wangdao.", according to the information currently available, this sentence refers to Wang Laidi of the third institute of the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, who visited Chen Wangdao twice on June 17 and July 3, 1956, and was later included in the "Interview with the Founder of the Communist Party of China". Therefore, Shen Hengchun and others could only visit later than 1956. As for the specific year, it is difficult to know.
Mr. Jiang Haijian, an old friend of the later, told him that the "anti-rightist movement" began in June 1957, and the real rightist hat was after October of that year; the time of hat removal between Zha Chen Zizhan and Le Si Ping was January 1961, according to which it is speculated that the interview time should be between October 1957 and January 1961, so the possible year of the manuscript should be 1958 or 1959. Thanks are hereby added.
This newly discovered record of Chen Wangdao's visit has a certain historical value, fortunately obtained by the author, and cannot be hidden, and is hereby collated and published for the reference of the academic community. On February 8, 2017, Yanzhi Caotang wrote it down.
Chen Wangdao
Original record of Chen Wangdao's visit
Access record collation
Interviewee: President Chen Wangdao of Fudan University
Visited at Fudan University on the afternoon of January 16, 1951
Talking Points:
I. On the founding of the Party and the period of the First Civil Revolutionary War:
1, about the Marxist Research Society: At that time, the Marxist Research Association in Shanghai, Including Chen Duxiu, Shen Xuanlu, Shao Lizi, Li Hanjun, Shen Yanbing, Chen Wangdao, etc., did not have more than 10 people to participate, and later Shi Cuntong, Shi Fuliang, etc. also participated. At that time, there was no formal set of membership procedures, of course, because of the environmental relationship, but also pay attention to understand.
2, about the issue of publications at that time: After the May Fourth Movement, many publications were published, and "New Youth" and "New Wave" were the most famous. In the first half of 1920, the New Youth moved to Shanghai to promote Marxism. The editorial office is located in the downstairs compartment of No. 2 Mingdri, Nanchang Road. This is the main propaganda position. The "guerrilla" position is in the supplement of the Republic of China Daily, "Enlightenment.". At that time, Li Hanjun was in Shanghai with Dai Jitao and Shen Xuanlu in the "Weekly Review". (Yang Zhihua was originally Shen Xuanlu's daughter-in-law and also participated in the work of the Weekly Review.) At that time, the journal was still materialistic. Chen Wangdao originally came to Shanghai to participate in the "Weekly Review", but for some reason, he participated in the editing work of the "New Youth". The opposite at that time was Zhang Dongsun's "Current Affairs News". Chen Wangdao's translation of the Communist Manifesto was made in March and April 1920 in Japanese with reference to the English version. (The first version may be available at Zhang Jinglu)
Chen Wangdao's translation of the Communist Manifesto
3, about Shanghai University: Shanghai University is the name of Yu Youren, which is actually run by the party. Chen Wangdao served as provost and has been engaged in education since then. Shanghai University has three departments, Chinese department has Tian Han, Mao Dun and other teachers, and among the students are Communist Party members and the Xishan Conference faction; the Department of Foreign Languages has Shen Zhiyuan; but the Department of Sociology is a communist party member, talking about various social issues such as workers, peasants, and women. It was established in 1922-23. Beginning in a three-story bungalow on Seymour Road, the headquarters of the May Thirtieth Movement was located, when a large sign was hung from the third floor to the downstairs. After the May Thirtieth Movement, Seymour Road was closed. After that, I moved to Qingyun Road. Later, he borrowed money (Dr. Sun Yat-sen also donated a part) to build a house in Jiangwan. After the "Four·One Two" was banned, many practitioners were arrested. The Kuomintang also set up a labor university there, and I heard that there are no houses anymore.
On the period of the Second Civil Revolutionary War:
In 1927, after the "Shangda" was sealed, this form was no longer feasible, and other forms were used. For example, the China University of the Arts was established: there were Chinese Department, Department of Foreign Languages, Department of Chinese Painting, Department of Drama, etc., and Hong Shen and Shen Ruixian all participated.
In 1930-31, the Kuomintang persecuted progressive professors in large numbers and occupied cultural institutions. Chen Wangdao was forced to leave Fudan in 1931. At that time, the two factions of Fudan University students were fighting fiercely on the poster. (At that time, the students were Ma Yanxiang, now a director of Peking Opera in the Central Ministry of Culture; Feng Depei and Sun Jichun; and Ku Sixun, president of the Shanghai New Literature and Art Publishing House.) ）
At that time, the Kuomintang wanted to retrospectively, preserve texts, read the Bible, and abolish the vernacular language. We engage in the mass language movement, fight against it, and criticize the vernacular language, in fact, to preserve the vernacular language.
The Kuomintang reactionaries also used hippie smiling sketches to obscure the revolutionary will, extolled Lin Yutang as a "master of humor," and published the Analects and the World on Earth. For example, when "Life" weekly magazine was sealed, it was "humorous" with the three words "life dead". We (Chen Wangdao, Hu Yuzhi, Lu Xun, etc.) edited and published "Taibai" from sketches to essays, and used them as a front to wage a sharp struggle against them. At the same time, newspaper butts, newspaper supplements, were used as "guerrilla" positions. For example, Comrade Qiaomu likes to write small articles, most of which are published in the supplement of the "Current Affairs New Newspaper". Therefore, to understand the situation of the cultural struggle, we must also read more newspaper supplements.
Taibai magazine edited by Chen Wangdao
At that time, the Kuomintang was very strict in its censorship of publications, and the struggle was also very sharp. Several articles in "Taibai" scolded the inspection of dogs. In order to cope with the inspection and not to see the author's handwriting, we arranged a sample and sent it. Where it was deleted, it was initially replaced by an abridgement number; later, even the abridgement number was not allowed to be used, so that the context was not clear, and it could not be done, so it was discontinued.
In the beginning, Chen Wangdao joined the Literary Research Society sponsored by Zheng Zhenduo, distinguishing between realism and the romanticism of the Creation Society, but later it was less obvious, but it was subordinated to the difference between revolution and counter-revolution.
Some of the Kuomintang's social news at that time also published a little truth about life and political lies to intimidate progressive culture and deceive the general public.
In the summer of 1935-1937, Chen Wangdao was teaching in Guangxi, so he did not know much about the situation in Shanghai.
III. With regard to the period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Third Civil Revolutionary War:
After the fall of Shanghai north of the Suzhou Creek, Wei Wei (in charge of publishing in commerce), Zheng Zhenduo, Chen Wangdao (in charge of languages), and so on often talked at the YMCA dinner, without records or specific organizations, and decided to implement them separately in the future. The activities in the field of language are: propagating the new Latin script and teaching it to the refugees; opening a language exhibition on the upper floor of the Daxin Company to display the texts from ancient times to the present, and there is a map of China at the entrance, which has Yue Fei's inscription with the words "Return My Rivers and Mountains" on it. Later, the traitors paid great attention to it, and they also published it in the newspaper, and in 1939 Chen Wangdao went to the rear.
During the Liberation War, the struggle of the "Great Education Union" still had some cultural relics. But there is no sharp struggle to come, for the words of the time were dignified, in order to unite the right-wing, even reactionary figures. If the scolding was severe, we used people close to the Kuomintang to write it, such as one written by Chen Zizhan (now a rightist) and published in the news newspaper.
There must be a party leadership in everything. Any little achievement is the result of party leadership; without party leadership, it is impossible. For example, in the struggle against hunger among students, the Federation decided not to participate, so as not to constrain the students' actions, and at the same time to prevent the reactionaries from finding students and attacking the Federation. However, the students did not know the truth, and the enemy provoked them, so that the relationship was tense and the situation was complicated. Thanks to the party's unified leadership, Chen Wangdao and Tang Shouyu made contact and quickly eliminated the misunderstanding and solved the problem.
IV. Regarding cultural relics and visiting clues:
1, Regarding the struggle in the educational circles, Cao Weifeng of the Higher Education Bureau has studied for a period of time; in terms of the general history of struggle, the three institutes of the Beijing Institute of History have visited President Chen Wangdao.
2, cultural relics in the three institutes of history and the Central Ma, En, Lie, Szcze Compilation Bureau preserved a lot.
3, in the land reform in East China, there were regulations: all the steel pieces and books and papers confiscated by the landlord's home must be examined by the East China Ministry of Culture, of which many cultural relics were found, and even complete sets of party publications. At that time, Comrade Tang Tao was in charge of this work, and how to deal with it in the future can be visited by him. Comrade Tang Tao himself also paid attention to collecting cultural relics in this regard.
4, cultural relics can also be visited and collected from some collectors, such as Zhang Jinglu in Beijing. Le Sibing of Fudan University (a rightist, formerly a professor in the Department of Chinese, now a library clerk) also collects some things, possibly some cultural relics, and how to use them can be discussed with the party committee.
5, Xie Liuyi is a Japanese student, after returning to China, he was in charge of a girls' school on Sichuan Road, and later became the director of the Department of Journalism at Fudan University. The article is well written, it is a good gentleman, the tendency is still good, but it is a pity that he died early.
Interviewers: Ma Mansun, Shen Hengchun, Zhang Tingyu
Organized person: Shen Hengchun