Author | Beijing Jubaozhai (Kongwang store: Beijing Liulichang Jubaozhai Gallery)
Source | Confucius old book network App dynamics
#I grew up with Kong Net# A few days ago, brushing what is worth buying app, there is an article that shares a calligraphy of Mi Fu, and as a result, the small partners quarreled again in the comment area - is the "Cai" in the Song Sijia "Su Huang Mi Cai" Cai Xiang or Cai Jing?
In other words, this problem can be said to be a thousand-year-old public case in the book world, and the earliest "Cai" in the "Four Houses of the Song Dynasty" refers to Cai Jing instead of Cai Xiang, who is a master of calligraphy and painting in the Ming Dynasty, who said in the "Records of Calligraphy and Painting": "The world is called the Book of the Song Dynasty, then Su, Huang, Mi, and Cai. Cai, who is called Kyoya, is evil to him in the hereafter, but he rebukes it, and enters the End Ming ShuYan. Duan Ming is in front of Su and Huang, and should not be listed after the Yuan Chapter, which is undoubtedly Beijing. This means that this Cai originally referred to Cai Jing, and the people of later generations crossed him out because they were not ashamed of him, and replaced him with Cai Xiang, who was a scholar of the Duanming Temple. And the "Su Huang Rice" in "Su Huang Mi Cai" is obviously sorted according to generation and age, if it is Cai Xiang, according to this logic, "Cai" should be ranked before "Su Huang", is "Cai Su Huang Mi", so "Cai" can only be Cai Jing. However, this "Record of Calligraphy and Painting" itself has many snake feet that have been engraved by later generations according to subjective wishes, and there have been many versions with similarities and differences, and the historian Mr. Liang Qichao once pointed out: "Fill in the gaps and slightly fix the blackmail, and there are some intrusions into the modern era." ”
Looking back at the appreciation of Cai Xiang and Cai Jing's calligraphy itself, the Northern Song Dynasty Huizong compiled the "Xuanhe Book Genealogy", and the calligraphy of the past dynasties was collected by everyone, eight people from the Song Dynasty of the Zhengshu Department were selected, nine people from the Song Dynasty of the Xingshu Department were selected, and Cai Xiang and Cai Jing were included in it. This shows that Cai Jing's calligraphy level was indeed recognized at that time. Su Dongpo believed that Cai Junmo was the first in the modern world. Emperor Huizong of song Zhao Tuo: "Cai Junmo's book bag hides the Fadu, stops storing sharp edges, and the Duke of Song Zhilu." Emperor Gaozong of Song called Cai Xiang's character the crown of the courtiers of the dynasty. At this time, Cai Xiang has been dead for many years, and cai Xiang is still better in terms of the popularity of the times.
Zhao Shuo's "Han Mo Zhi" records: "After Xi Feng, Cai Xiang and Li Shiyong entered the system of the law, and wanted to spend the horse, and finally the horse was not rewarded. Following Su, Huang, Mi, and Xue, the gestures are turned upside down, and each is interesting. The chicken and the wild crane, the knower has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is better than the one who is rotten with the grass and trees. "It means Cai Xiang, Li Shiyong barely passed it, but it is not a gem, and the su huang mi xue after that has its own strengths, the others are not worth mentioning with the grass and trees, and there is nothing about Cai Jing here." This is also the first time that "Su Huangmi" is juxtaposed, but it is not Followed by Cai Xiang or Cai Jing, but the scholar Xue Shaopeng of the Song Shenzong Period, who is on a par with Mi Fu and is known as Mi Xue. At this time, Cai Kyoto was not able to name the four families on a par with Su Huangmi, and he would have no chance in the future.
Although the term "four families of the Song Dynasty" itself has not been found in the literature of the Song people, Wang Cun, a remnant of the Southern Song Dynasty and a member of the Yuan Dynasty, has clearly put forward the theory of "four families". In his inkblots of the "Stone Inscription of the Tao river of the Xiang River", he said that Cai Xiang calligraphy was "sparse in pen strength and self-contained, and the position at that time was four." Tasting and commenting, the eastern slope of the hun hao circulation look is the strongest, Fu Weng is thin and hard, and Xiangyang changes vertically and horizontally, but it is better to put the pen down. If the king does it, and if he looks at the ruler of the rope, although he is also self-indulgent, but he looks at the three houses, then the Zhongzheng is not dependent. It can be seen that Wang Cun not only pointed out that there were four schools at that time, but also that the four were unmistakable Su, Huang, Mi, and Cai. In addition, in the history of calligraphy, Cai Xiang's calligraphy achievements are known for their comprehensiveness, and the calligraphy, line, and cursive calligraphy are unique, and there is a contribution to the abolition of the thesis and the revitalization of the calligraphy style, so on the whole, his achievements are obviously more than Cai Jing's.
As for the order of arrangement, Mr. Zhang Boju, a great collector in modern times, once pointed out in the article "Four Books of the Song Dynasty", "According to the order, it should be Cai, Su, Mi, and Huang, and the General Reading is Su, Huang, Mi, and Cai. This indicates that this arrangement is only formed in the pronunciation of the smooth mouth, and has nothing to do with the seniority of the four people.
So why can Cai Jing stir up trouble in this list? First of all, after Xue Shaopeng was in the big waves, he failed to resist and was replaced by Cai Xiang, who was higher in the ranking, which led to the dispute between the two Cai. Moreover, because Cai Jing's surname is Cai, people who like to do overturned articles always have to find something to do from the beginning to make a statement.
Figure 1 2 Su Shi's "Former Chibi Fu"
Figure 3 4 Huang Tingjian's "Flower Smoke Sticker"
Figure 5 Rice calligraphy
Figure 6 7 Cai Xiang's "Far Mongolian Paste"