"Furious hair rushed to the crown, by the railing, Xiao Xiao rain rest." Look up at the eyes, look up at the sky and scream, and be fierce. Thirty meritorious deeds of dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and moons. Don't wait idle, white teenager's head, empty and sad! Jing Kang shame, Still Snow. When will the courtiers hate, when will they be extinguished! Drive a long car and step through the Helan Mountain. Zhuangzhi was hungry for meat and laughed about thirsting for The blood of the Huns. Wait to start from scratch, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky. ”
A song "Man Jiang Hong" is impassioned, full of the heroic ambition of the famous anti-Jin general Yue Fei to recover the lost land for the country. It is a pity that he died before his ambition was paid, and he left regret in the human world.
Yue Fei's death was known to the women and children, and he was victimized by the traitor Qin Juniper. Some people say that in Yue Fei's unjust case, Song Gaozong's responsibility was greater than that of Qin Jun; others said that Yue Fei's approach to "serving the country with loyalty" was that "the country" was greater than "jun", and he touched the bottom line of the king, and Gaozong naturally could not tolerate him.
If we talk about the root cause, or the national strength of the Southern Song Dynasty is too weak, Song Gaozong was frightened by the Jin Dynasty, in order to seek peace and surrender, whether it is to cut off the land and pay compensation, or to bow down to the subject, or to kill and degrade the loyal generals of the Jin Dynasty who are not pleasing to the eye, it does not matter.
And Yue Fei, who vigorously opposed the "peace talks" and strongly demanded that he lead his army to restore the northern region, naturally became an obstacle in Emperor Gaozong's eyes, and he must be eliminated quickly.
After satisfying almost all the demands of the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong finally waited for the peace he had hoped for and signed the Shaoxing Peace Agreement with Jin.
In the history of the Song Dynasty, in addition to this very humiliating "Shaoxing Peace Conference," it also held countless negotiations with the neighboring Liao, Mongolian, Jurchen, and other regimes, concluded many treaties, and exchanged many envoys and diplomatic exchanges, which is rare in history.
The reason for such diplomatic exchanges is that from the 10th to the 13th century, the Liao, Jin, and Mongols successively rose and invaded the Central Plains, and successively formed a balance of power with the Song. As a result, diplomacy became an important means for the two Song Dynasties to maintain the survival and development of the regime.
Tao Jinsheng, a well-known historian in Taiwan, is committed to the study of the history of the Song Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty, and the history of China, frontier history, and social history. His new book "Diplomatic History of the Song Dynasty" comprehensively sorts out the history of the two Song dynasties' diplomacy with Liao, Jin, and Mongolia, details the game process of the conclusion of important treaties such as the Liaoyuan Alliance and the Shaoxing Peace Conference, and meticulously demonstrates the survival wisdom of the two Song Dynasties in flexibly using the three strategies of "peace, war, and defense" to achieve a state of peaceful coexistence with powerful foreign enemies, as well as the historical tragedy of the collapse of the Liao Dynasty and the destruction of the Jin Dynasty and the destruction of the Jin Dynasty.
The most important contract between the Song and Liao was the Oath of Liaoyuan. The Oath of Liaoyuan was the basis of song-Liao diplomatic relations. After the conclusion of the treaty, the two emperors of the Song and Liao countries had an equal relationship, known as brothers.
As a price for preserving the Guannan lands, the Song paid the Liao each year as compensation for the other side's troops, rather than as a tribute.
The Oath of The Yuanyuan defines the boundaries between the two countries. It is promised that the people of both sides will not cross the border, and the defensive measures of the two countries will not be increased, so as to maintain peace and avoid war.
Since then, the exchanges between the Song and Liao countries have been relatively close. The two sides often exchanged envoys, congratulated each other on the New Year, congratulated each other on birthdays, and gave gifts as if they had really become relatives.
In Tao Jinsheng's view, the "Oath of Liaoyuan" was a moderate "way of tolerance" reached by the rulers of the Song Dynasty out of pragmatic and rational considerations, with flexible diplomacy and strong enemies. Peace was maintained for the two countries for 120 years.
In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song broke the alliance of Tanyuan, united with Jin to destroy the Liao, won without a fight, and obtained Yanjing and Liuzhou without paying. At this time, Song was supposed to maintain peaceful relations with Jin as he had done with Liao in the past, but Song took the lead in accommodating traitors, violating the contract and giving Jin an excuse to send troops.
The 120 years of peace made the song and Liao forces slack and loose, and Jin, who had a strong army, defeated the Liao in just ten years, destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, and took Song Huizong and Song Qinzong hostages.
King Zhao of Kang was supported by his subjects as the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong of Song. The Southern Song Dynasty could not compete with Jin militarily and politically. Emperor Gaozong was beaten by Jin and fled everywhere, and even ran to the sea to hide for several months.
In order to seek peace with Jin, as the emperor of a country, Gaozong was also extremely humble. He personally wrote an inscription to the marshal of the Jin Dynasty, saying that the Jin people "have the destiny of heaven" and "between heaven and earth, all are the kingdom of great gold", and asked the Jin people to "give the rest of the year", and even willing to be a small state of the Jin Dynasty.
In the end, Emperor Gaozong of Song exchanged his rule over the southern half of the Huai River at the cost of paying tribute to the Jin Dynasty.
Song survived in diplomacy and died in diplomacy. The success or failure of diplomacy directly affected the survival of the Song regime. The Song and Liao", which maintained peace for 120 years, led to the fall of the Northern and Southern Song dynasties by two diplomatic blunders, the Lianjin and The Mongols.
It can be seen that without the backing of strong force, there is no right to speak in diplomacy. Only in a situation of balance of power can there be equal diplomatic power. The experience and lessons of song dynasty diplomacy deserve deep consideration by future generations. @Huazhang fandom