Editor's note: On May 22, Huiji Reading Club, together with Dongjiang Academy and Haifeng County Chen Jiongming Research Association (preparing) to carry out Chen Jiongming's special sharing meeting, Huizhou CPPCC Cultural and Historical Researcher, Xizi Lakeside Hometown Style Edition moderator Dongjiang Walking made a "Chen Jiongming Elements of the West Lake Scenic Area" sharing and exchange at the meeting. Now the main content of the sharing of the East River Walk is integrated into the article to entertain readers.
The sharing session is on-site
In the past: Chen Jiongming's tomb is very large, and all the way up from the lake is a step
Chen Jiongming is not only a celebrity in Huizhou and Guangdong, he has played a pivotal role in the entire history of the Republic of China (including the history of the Xinhai Revolution). His relationship with Huizhou, especially Huizhou's West Lake, is very deep, and the most prominent point is that after his death, he was buried by the West Lake, that is, on the Ziwei Mountain next to the Crocodile Lake. Chen Jiongming's tomb is now a cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province, although Ziwei Mountain is only a small mountain bag, but its location is good, before the mountain there was no crocodile lake road, Fengshan Road, the environment is very beautiful, then people have to go over, but also rowing. I have an uncle who has been dead for more than ten years, and he is a high school graduate of the old Zhiping Middle School, which is now Nantan Huizhou No. 1 Middle School. He told me before that when he was studying, he went to Chen Jiongming's tomb when he went on outings and picnics. He said that the tomb of Chen Jiongming at that time was very large, and all the way up from the lake was a step. Now the foot of the mountain has opened the road, and the house has been built for people, and only the upper part is left, but fortunately the main body is still preserved.
Huizhou West Lake
Chen Jiongming's relationship with Huizhou, first of all, he is a Haifeng person. Haifeng has always been under the administration of Huizhou in history, and the ten subordinates of Huifu are the ten counties below Huizhou Prefecture before the Republic of China, and Haifeng is one of them. Until the liberation, Haifeng was still under the jurisdiction of the Huiyang district, and the huiyang district office was located in the present-day Huicheng District (which was assigned to the Shantou region for several years during the Chinese Revolution, and later returned to the Huiyang area). It was not until 1988 that the Huiyang area was abolished and divided into four, and four prefecture-level cities of Huizhou, Dongguan, Heyuan and Shanwei were established, and Haifeng was under the jurisdiction of Shanwei and was disassociated from Huizhou. Until now, overseas Haifeng people have recognized themselves as Huizhou people and have participated in the activities of the local Huizhou Guild Hall together. In this way, we can understand why Chen Jiongming has Huizhou as his old lair. The old nest here is not a derogatory word, but a neutral word, which means base area and base camp.
Fenghu College
When Chen Jiongming was a teenager, he read books at Fenghu Academy by the West Lake. Fenghu Academy was the highest school in Huizhou at that time, and it was not something that ordinary people could pass. Chen Jiongming was able to pass the examination from Haifeng to Fenghu Academy, indicating that his grades were good. He is a former Qing Dynasty Xiucai, 20 years old was admitted to Xiucai, Xiucai is also in Huizhou examination. The ancient imperial examination, the most important three-level examination, the government examination is the examination of Xiucai, in the city of Fucheng, only if you are admitted to the study; the township examination is taken, it is the provincial examination, it is the provincial examination; the examination in the capital, is the national examination, the examination is called gongshi, and there is also a palace examination for the gongshi, which is presided over by the emperor himself, which is a ranking examination, and it is called a jinshi after the examination. Chen Jiongming is a Haifeng native, so his show was tested in Huizhou. It is said that the examination shed in Huizhou was now eleven small, and after the Republic of China, it was changed to Wenchang Primary School, so many surnames in the vicinity built guild halls in the past, just to facilitate the clan relatives of the following counties and rural areas to stay in the city when they entered the city to take the exam. I have read an article, which is a wild history, saying that Chen Jiongming studied well, and also did a gunner to test for others, I don't know if it is true or false.
Liu Danting: Commemorating the Huizhou Uprising, Chen Jing and other martyrs of the Ma'an Campaign
Later, Chen Jiongming also went to the Guangdong Law and Politics School to study, and his ideas on democracy and rule of law were mainly formed at that time. After the Xinhai Revolution, Chen Jiongming led the Nationalist army to restore Huizhou, which was a military stronghold at that time, and the guangdong overland governor Qin Bingzhi stationed in Huizhou was a military governor, who was much larger than the prefect of Huizhou. During the attack on Huizhou, a big battle was fought with the Qing army in the area of Ma'an and Wentuling, and the fight was very fierce, Chen Jiongming almost lost his life, was chased by the Qing soldiers, and chased to the Xizhi River without a way. At this critical juncture, he saw a small boat by the river, and quickly asked someone to send him across the other side, saving a life. After the founding of the Republic of China, in order to thank the people of Ma'an, he launched the construction of a Ma'an Junior Primary School, which is the predecessor of the current Ma'an Central Primary School, which was a place where Huiyang was a relatively early new school.
Liudan Pavilion
In this battle, Chen Jing, the leader of the Nationalist Army and a student of HuizhouFu Middle School, was wounded and captured, killed at Wanshifang (present-day Zhongshan South), only 19 years old, and after the Republic of China, he built a Liu dan pavilion in Cuizhou, West Lake, to commemorate Chen Jing and other martyrs. Huizhou City was not fought by force, but peacefully liberated, first of all, he rebelled against the senior officer Hong Zhaolin and forced Qin Bingzhi to surrender the city, and Chen Jiongming did not embarrass Qin Bingzhi and gave him a thousand taels of silver to return to his hometown in Hunan. Then straight down to Guangzhou, Guangzhou Guangfu is much simpler, the governor of Liangguang Zhang Mingqi saw that things were not good, he slipped away early, this is also the trend of the times, he saw that the Qing Dynasty's qi was exhausted, and he was not saved. After Guangdong became independent, Chen Jiongming became the deputy governor and acting governor of Guangdong Province, and later went up and down, and then went to Fujian to establish the Minnan Protectorate Zone, and then returned to Guangdong, drove out the Gui warlords who occupied Guangdong, became the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army, the governor of Guangdong Province, and grasped the military and political power in Guangdong. In addition to his busy official duties, he was still concerned about The West Lake in Huizhou, and it was very sad to see the West Lake so dilapidated, in 1922 he launched the cleanup of the West Lake, and personally drafted a fundraising notice to clean up the West Lake, showing how deep his feelings for the West Lake were.
Baihuazhou: Witness Chen Duxiu and Chen Jiongming are old friends
In 1922, due to different political views, Chen Jiongming and Sun Yat-sen turned against each other and parted ways, Sun Yat-sen removed Chen Jiongming from his post as commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army and governor of Guangdong Province, retaining only the empty title of army chief, and Chen Jiongming retired to Huizhou and lived in seclusion in the West Lake Hundred Flowers Continent. At that time, Baihuazhou was an isolated island on the West Lake, and there was no bridge connected to the shore, and it was necessary to take a boat to go up.
Hundred Flowers Island
In Baihuazhou, many people went to be lobbyists, some wanted to mediate his relationship with Sun Yat-sen, and some wanted to talk about cooperation with him. At that time, Chen Duxiu also came to Baihuazhou to mobilize Chen Jiongming to cooperate with the Communist Party. Chen Jiongming and Chen Duxiu were old friends, and when Chen Jiongming was the governor of Guangdong Province, he specially hired Chen Duxiu to come to Guangdong as chairman of the Education Committee and focus on Education in Guangdong. Chen Duxiu put forward conditions, two of which were to require education to be independent and free from administrative interference, and also to require one-tenth of the annual fiscal revenue to be invested in education. These two points cannot be done now, Chen Jiongming agreed. Chen Duxiu was also full of enthusiasm and bold in carrying out educational reform, and he was so busy that even when the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai in July 1921, he did not have time to participate, but only sent Bao Huisheng as his representative. It was just that his reform was too radical and too much resistance, and although Chen Jiongming supported him, he still could not resist, and finally worked for several months and had to resign. At Baihuazhou, Chen Duxiu wanted to mobilize Chen Jiongming to cooperate with the Communist Party to lead the revolution in South China. However, Chen Jiongming did not agree with Chen Duxiu's political ideas and did not discuss them.
Ziwei Mountain Jiongming Tomb: Returned to Huizhou on the anniversary of the prohibition of gambling
In October 1925, the Second Crusade completely defeated Chen Jiongming, Who lived in Hong Kong, and he was not idle, he formed the China Zhi Gong Party and served as the first and second Prime Minister of the Zhi Gong Party. In September 1933, he died of illness in Hong Kong at the age of 55. Chen Jiongming did not store private wealth, he had been such a big leader, but his life was very poor, and he did not even have a coffin after his death, so he had to borrow his mother's coffin and temporarily store it in a righteous village in Hong Kong. Later, his friend Xu Fulin, a celebrity in Guangdong's judicial circles, launched a fundraising to raise funds to bury Chen Jiongming. The fundraising received widespread support, and even his nemesis, Chiang Kai-shek, who was already the supreme commander of the country at the time, also donated 3,000 yuan and Wang Jingwei donated 500 yuan, which also shows where Chen Jiongming's personality charm lies.
On April 3, 1935, which was the anniversary of Chen Jiongming's ban on gambling, Chen Jiongming's funeral was held in Ziwei Mountain, West Lake, Huizhou, with thousands of participants, and major media reporters came to interview and report, showing how high Chen Jiongming's reputation was. The tombstone was inscribed by the democratic revolutionary and famous scholar Zhang Taiyan, and the epitaph was also written by Zhang Taiyan, a very upright person who was dissatisfied with the Kuomintang's stigmatization of Chen Jiongming and said a lot of good things about Chen Jiongming in the epitaph. The left front of the tomb is the tomb of his wife Huang Shi, Chen Jiongming not only does not store private wealth, but also has no two colors, and there is only one wife in his life, which was rare at that time. His wife died a few years after him and must have been buried later. Right front is the tomb of his eldest son Chen Dingxia, Chen Dingxia is a pity, he was originally studying in Shanghai, learned that his father was seriously ill to come back to visit his father, who knew that he was seriously ill on the ship, not long after he also died, buried together, when he was only more than ten years old.
Chen Jiongming's tombstone
In 2012, the government invested more than 20 million yuan to rebuild Chen Jiongming's tomb, including the expropriation of the front houses and the construction of the Chen Jiongming Life Exhibition Hall.
The above-mentioned Fenghu Academy, Baihuazhou and Ziwei Mountain Chen Jiongming's tomb are places where Huizhou West Lake is directly related to Chen Jiongming. But since chen jiongming elements are mentioned here, there are several other places in the West Lake that have some indirect relationship with Chen Jiongming.
Loquat Island: Chen Jiongming's cronies Ye Ju piled up silt on a small island
Loquat Island
One is Loquat Island. Loquat Island is a small island next to the West Lake Point Cuizhou, there is a small arch bridge and point Cuizhou connected, the other end of a flat water surface of the Yanlong Bridge and Fanghuazhou connected, this small island people may not pay attention, but also think that it is part of the point Cuizhou. However, in ancient times, it was not, it was in 1924 Chen Jiongming's subordinates Ye Ju presided over the cleanup of the West Lake, piling up the silt into a small island. Ye Ju was a native of Huizhou Prefecture, and during the period after Chen Jiongming was stripped of his military powers, he was the de facto supreme commander of the Cantonese army. One of the most sensational and famous things he did was the June 16 Mutiny in 1922, leading troops to shell the presidential palace. After Chen Jiongming's defeat, he also went to Hong Kong to become a yugong. Speaking of Ye Ju, here, by the way, there is a Ye Zhujun Library in Huizhou College.
Who is Ye Zhujun? He was Ye Ju's father, who had been a teacher at Fenghu Academy. The Ye Zhujun Library was donated by Ye Ju's son Ye Baoding and named after his grandfather. Ye Baoding worked as an engineer in the United States, made some money from stock speculation and financial management, and donated all of it to the education cause of the motherland. He donated an MBA building to Sun Yat-sen University, and together with the education fund, he donated tens of millions of yuan to CUHK. In fact, he is not very rich, the leader of CUHK once went to his home in the United States to visit him, found that his home decoration is very simple, the sofa at home is very shabby, even an ordinary teacher's home is not comparable. I was very touched to see it. Although he is in the United States, he is still a native of Huizhou, he is a respectable old man, and I think we should know something about him. For his contributions to Huizhou education, he was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen" by the Huizhou Municipal Government. He died in 2008 at the age of 100.
Zhongyuanting: The general Deng Zhongyuan once restored Huizhou with Chen Jiongming and other heroes
Zhongyuan Pavilion
The other is the Zhongyuan Pavilion in Lipu Fengqing. Zhongyuanting is a memorial to the famous Cantonese army general Deng Zhongyuan, Deng Zhongyuan, also known as Deng Hao, his hometown is Meixian County, but he followed his father to Huiyang Tamsui to settle down at the age of a few years, growing up and starting in Huizhou, it should be said that he is a full-fledged Huizhou native. In Tamsui Pig Street, there is still one of his former residences, which is now renovated into the Deng Zhongyuan Deeds Exhibition Hall, next to Deng Chengxiu's former residence, and if you are interested, you can visit it. During the Xinhai Revolution, Deng Zhongyuan and Chen Jiongming led troops to restore Huizhou, and then served as the commander of the First Division of the Guangdong Army and the chief of the general staff of the Guangdong Army. The famous generals trained by the First Division of the Guangdong Army, including Xue Yue, Zhang Fakui, Ye Ting, Cai Tingkai, and Jiang Guangnai, were all well-known anti-Japanese generals. He was assassinated at Guangjiu Station in 1922 and buried next to the Tomb of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang in Guangzhou after his death, which is the largest single tomb in Huanghuagang besides the main tomb of the Seventy-two Martyrs. In the 1930s, Lipu Fengqing was Ji Deng Mountain Villa, which commemorates Deng Zhongyuan, and in 1937, Li Yangjing, then commander of the Third Army, was stationed in Huizhou, and he asked people to build a Zhongyuan Pavilion by the lake of Ji Deng Mountain Villa. Now Ji Deng Mountain Villa is no longer there, but Zhongyuan Pavilion has been preserved until now. This Li Yangjing, a native of Dongguan, was once the commander of Sun Yat-sen's guard company and a company commander in the second battalion of guards where Ye Ting was the battalion commander. When Ye Ju shelled the presidential palace, as Sun Yat-sen's guard, he protected Sun Yat-sen from danger and was shot. From 1935 to 1937, he led the Third Army to garrison Huizhou, and did a lot of things for the construction of Huizhou West Lake, in addition to Zhongyuan Pavilion, there was also Baihuazhou, where Chen Jiongming lived, in 1935 he took the lead in donating funds to build the Luoxia Pavilion, he and his subordinates donated 10,000 yuan, the insufficient money was made up by the squires of Huizhou, a total of 14,000 yuan was spent to build the Luoxia Pavilion, and Li Yangjing also wrote his own inscription. The building has been preserved to this day, and although it has been repaired later, the main body is still the original.
Tomb of Yang Kunru: He was ordered by Chen Jiongming to guard the city of Huizhou
Yang Kunru tomb
There is also a place where Yang Kunru is buried. Yang Kunru was also a military commander under Chen Jiongming, and he was the one who guarded Huizhou City during the Eastern Expedition. He was a native of Ruhu Shuiyuan Village, which was under the jurisdiction of Boluo at that time, and now his hometown still preserves the former residence of Yang Kunru, which consists of an old-fashioned building of the Qing Dynasty and a Republican Western-style building, and is now a cultural relics protection unit in Huizhou City. After Yang Kunru died, he was also buried by the West Lake, less than 100 meters from Chen Jiongming's tomb, and the two old friends also had companions underground. Yang Kunru's tomb still preserves a worship pavilion and a tombstone, which is engraved with "The Tomb of General Yang Dabo", and Dabo is his word. The tombstone was originally pushed to the ground, but it was re-erected a few years ago.
Editor's Note: Huiji Reading Club has recently focused on the excavation and promotion of Chen Jiongming's history and culture, and established a relevant cultural and historical exchange community for exchange. Interested readers can join our community.