Although it is deeply influenced by China culturally, in the history books of the Vietnamese people, Vietnamese history is a history of Chinese aggression. Vietnam's national heroes are often anti-Chinese heroes. Why do Vietnamese people love and hate China so much?
"Vietnam" means south of Baiyue. In 214 BC, Qin Shi Huang pacified Lingnan and established the three counties of Guilin, Nanhai and Xiang. Among them, Xiang County included the southeast of present-day Guangxi and the north and center of Vietnam, which the Vietnamese side regarded as the beginning of China's invasion of Vietnam. In fact, there were only some primitive people who ate bananas at that time, and there was no country at all.
After the death of Qin Shi Huang, "the earliest cadre to go south", Longchuan of Nanhai County, made Zhao Tuo establish himself as king and established the "State of Nanyue". The brazen Vietnamese say that the "South Vietnamese" are theirs.
In 111 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attacked the "State of South Vietnam", which they regarded as the first subjugation of the country.
At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty (40 AD), the Guangwu Emperor exercised sovereignty and levied taxes on the Vietnamese (Jiaotong) region. This caused resentment among local tribal chiefs. In this year, the conscripts and conscripts rebelled. At one point, they defeated the Han garrison, took sixty-five cities, and established themselves as kings.
Liu Xiu sent the Fubo general Ma Yuan to the south to quell the rebellion, and after three years, the rebellion was put down. The Zheng sisters were captured and beheaded, "passing on the head of Luoyang" (Book of later Han). However, in order to whitewash, the Vietnamese legend says that the Zheng sisters were unyielding and committed suicide by throwing themselves into the river. The Zheng sisters are revered as goddesses, and every year on the sixth day of february in the lunar calendar, a grand commemorative event is held in the folk. Vietnamese history books describe the riot as the beginning of an awakening of national consciousness.
In fact, Vietnam during the Eastern Han Dynasty was not an independent state, but a county within the territory. So
Ma Aid suppressed rebellions within the state. Since then, there have been many uprisings in Jiaotong, including Lady Zhao during the Three Kingdoms period, Li Ben during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Li Fozi in the Sui Dynasty, all of which are of the same nature as the Erzheng Uprising.
However, in Vietnam's history education, these events are interpreted as a resistance to the "expansionist policies, assimilation plots and cunning means of rule" of the Han dynasty in the north, and a heroic struggle of the Vietnamese people for national liberation.
The year 939 coincided with the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China. Wu Quan defeated the Southern Han army in Lingnan and became king. In 968, Ding Bu was proclaimed emperor and the state name was "Da Qu Yue", and Vietnam completed its independent statehood.
In 972, Ding Bu sent an envoy to the Song Dynasty and requested to be canonized. Zhao Kuangyin then made him the "King of Jiaotong County". Vietnam has since become a vassal of China. In 1009, Li Gongyun founded the Vietnamese Li Dynasty, and he was ambitious, not only forcing Champa City, Cambodia, and Laos to become vassals, but also taking advantage of the Song Liao and Song Xia to exchange troops and have no time to look south, he repeatedly "went deep into the Song territory and burned their warehouses and returned".
In 1069 AD, Wang Anshi implemented the change of law. Taking advantage of the floating hearts of the people within the Song court, Li Chao dispatched 100,000 troops on the grounds that Wang Anshi had changed the law and harmed the people, invaded and occupied the three prefectures of Qin, Lian, and Yong, and "slaughtered more than 58,000 people, and the two prefectures of Qin and Lian, with hundreds of thousands of dead." Yongzhou Zhizhou Su Xuan knew that he was invincible, and 36 members of the family set themselves on fire. After the city was destroyed, Li Changjie ordered the massacre of more than 50,000 people in the city. But Vietnam's history books claim that the attack on the Song was "self-defense" and a "pre-emptive strike." They praised Li Changjie as "an outstanding military man who combined genius strategy with exceptional political and diplomatic skills."
In March 1076, the Song Shen Sect sent Guo Kui to lead an army of 300,000 to conquer Vietnam. When the army reached the vicinity of its capital Thang Long, Li Changjie proposed peace, and the Song army eventually withdrew from Vietnam, and the two sides resumed clan relations.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan launched three wars against Vietnam. In the First Mongol-Vietnamese War in 1257, the Mongol army once occupied Thang Long Province, and Chen Shoudu, the eunuch of the Chen Dynasty, insisted on resisting, and the Mongol army had to withdraw from Vietnam, and Vietnam also submitted to the Mongols.
Thirty years later, Meng Yuan raised troops to the south in order to conquer the city. The Chen Dynasty took Chen Guojun as its commander to meet the battle. He ordered his soldiers to tattoo the word "kill the Tartar" on their arms to show that they had fought the Mongols to the end. Although the Yuan army was numerous, it was not satisfied with the water and soil, and the grain and grass were not good, and it soon failed. After that, the Mongols again used troops against Vietnam, but still did not conquer little Vietnam.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Vietnamese minister Hu Jiyun usurped the throne, replaced the Chen Dynasty, and established the Hu Dynasty. The widow of the Chen Dynasty wept to Zhu Di, who sent troops to Vietnam in the name of "hanging the hardships of the people and restoring the ancestors of the Chen clan". After the destruction of the Hu Dynasty, the Ming generals found a group of Vietnamese widows, claiming to be willing to be "attached", and the Yongle Emperor pushed the boat along the water and incorporated this chinese homeland that had been independent for five hundred years into the territory. Of course, in the history books of Vietnam, this is the second subjugation of the country.
However, most of the officials sent to Vietnam had no intention of governing the localities, causing strong resentment among the local population. In 1418, Li Li rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and proclaimed himself the "King of Pingding". Soon, his men gathered a group of people who were dissatisfied with the status quo. In 1428, Emperor Xuanzong gave up Vietnam. After the establishment of the Li Dynasty, Li Li was revered as a national hero.
In 1778, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there was an internal rebellion in Vietnam, and the Vietnamese king Li Weiqi fled to Guangxi to ask for the protection of the suzerainty.
Qianlong then sent Sun Shiyi south to quell the rebellion. The Qing army, which took Thang Long Province and celebrated the Spring Festival, did not guard against Nguyen Van Hue's sneak attack, resulting in heavy losses. In 1790, Nguyen Van Huy personally went to the summer resort to wish Qianlong a happy birthday. Qianlong, who had gained face, instead crowned Nguyễn as king of Annam.
After returning to China, Nguyen claimed that China had been stolen by Manchu Qing Hu, poetry and etiquette, and was in Daeyue. Without exception, Nguyen Van Hue was also revered as a national hero.
In 1858, France invaded Vietnam. In 1874, South Vietnam became a French colony. In 1882, France and Vietnam signed the Treaty of Hue, and Vietnam became a French protectorate.
Three years later, France occupied Vietnam, and Sino-Vietnamese clan relations ended completely. But the love-hate relationship between China and Vietnam is not over.