At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the chaotic world suddenly set off, the crowd chased after the Central Plains, with Cao Cao, Sun Quan, Liu Bei as the main three kingdoms period is coming, Cao Cao and Eastern Wu hegemony, Liu Bei took the opportunity to rise, with Jingzhou as a foothold, strong into Yizhou, the formation of the initial three-legged momentum.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Hanzhong became the "eye of the whirlpool" at the end of the Han Dynasty</h1>
Liu Bei's move made Cao Cao and Eastern Wu feel unprecedented pressure, and they found that this "nothing accomplished" Uncle Liu Huang was actually a "dragon" with a late success, and Cao Wei and Sun Wu took action one after another, and Sun Wu attacked Jingzhou first to prevent Liu Bei from becoming bigger, and in the future he used the land of Jingzhou to clamp down on Eastern Wu.
Cao Cao was also keenly aware that after Liu Bei entered Yizhou, he was a great threat to himself, and if he wanted to limit Liu Bei's development in Yizhou, he would have to preemptively capture Hanzhong, control Liu Bei's "Northern Gate", and take the lead in gaining the advantage of "DelongWangshu".
Hanzhong was extremely important to Cao Cao, but for Liu Bei, it was even more inconclusive. The "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" makes it very clear about the relationship between Hanzhong and Yizhou, "Hanzhong is the throat of Yizhou, the chance of survival, if there is no Hanzhong, there is no Shu, and the disaster of this family is also." Therefore, Liu Bei could not lose Hanzhong even if he fought to the death.
Therefore, Cao Cao sent Xiahou Yuan, Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen, Cao Hong, Zhang Guo, Xu Huang, Guo Huai and other famous generals to the Hanzhong border. Liu Bei did not follow closely behind, quickly abandoning the Jingzhou battlefield, temporarily seeking peace and stabilizing Sun Quan, and marching into Hanzhong with famous generals such as Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Zhao Yun, Huang Zhong, Fazheng, and Huang Quan.
At this point, around the struggle between Hanzhong, Cao Cao and Liu Bei set up a posture to prepare for further games. However, this game of chess is not two players, Cao Cao and Liu Bei have to face a Hanzhong hegemonic Lu sitting on hundreds of thousands of people, at this moment, zhang Lu's attitude is very critical to the battle situation.
According to the "Huayang Guozhi", "Twenty years later, Emperor Wu of Wei marched west to Lu, and Lu went to Bazhong. The first lord will greet him, and Lu Gong Cao Bashi Yan Pu said that Lu Bei surrendered to Wei Wu: [Praise for major events, it is advisable to attach a curse; otherwise, Xi Jie Liu Bei will return to him.] Lu Boran said: [ Rather be a slave to Cao Gong than a guest for Liu Bei!] Wei Wu was then questioned. ”
In the face of Cao Cao's frenzied attack, Zhang Lu came to Bazhong, at this time Liu Bei sent someone to meet Zhang Lu, he actually had only two ways to go at the moment, surrendering to Cao Cao or submitting to Liu Bei. Zhang Lu's choice surprised many people, and he finally chose to surrender to Cao Cao in the midst of difficulties. And said the words "I would rather be Cao Cao's slave than a guest of Liu Bei".
Compared with Cao Cao, Liu Bei was obviously more "enthusiastic" than Cao Cao's attitude towards Zhang Lu, Cao Cao was a sword and a soldier, while Liu Bei was "going to meet him". Zhang Lu, as the overlord of Hanzhong with hundreds of thousands of people, has been operating for decades, and he is obviously not a "straw bag", so why did he make such a decision?
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhang Lu is in a difficult situation but has long planned</h1>
Readers who like the Three Kingdoms may not know Zhang Lu deeply, but Zhang Lu is indeed a veritable famous person, and his ancestor is Zhang Liang, a famous minister of the Western Han Dynasty.
In the second year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (191), Zhang Lu officially started in this year, as the religious leader of the Wudou Rice Sect, he was entrusted with the post of Governor sima by Liu Yan, the pastor of Yizhou at that time, and after Zhang Lu took over, his first important task was to capture Hanzhong, and since then, Zhang Lu has become the real ruler in Hanzhong, and although he is nominally an official of the Han Dynasty, he has actually become the overlord of the divided side.
Zhang Lu not only held great power, but also the leader of the Wudou Rice Sect, such a special status, was recognized by Liu Yan, the pastor of Yizhou at that time, even if it recognized Zhang Lu's independent status, Liu Yan's idea was also very simple, that is, he hoped to use Zhang Lu to improve the defensive task of northern Yizhou and make Hanzhong a buffer zone for external forces to attack Yizhou.
Soon, Zhang Lu of Hanzhong, who had "the people of Hanchuan, with a household output of 100,000, rich and fertile land, and dangerous on all sides," became king himself. It's just that after Liu Yan's death, Liu Zhang's attitude towards Zhang Lu can be completely different from Liu Yan's, and he will never allow others to snore on the side of his bed, so Liu Zhang's attitude towards Hanzhong is very resolute, that is, to seize.
Although Liu Zhang's attitude was resolute, he was helpless in the face of Hanzhong, and although he had the intention to seize Hanzhong, he suffered from the lack of soldiers in his hands. Therefore, Liu Zhang asked Liu Bei to come to Yizhou to help in the battle, and Liu Bei came to Yizhou with his troops in a dignified manner. Liu Bei was the lord of the xiong, and he could not send him away, so Liu Zhang and Liu Bei launched a fierce battle against Yizhou.
Liu Bei and Liu Zhang fought, zhang Lu was actually not happy, but worried, taking advantage of their lively fight, quickly occupied Yemeng Pass, which was the main pass from Yizhou to Hanzhong. Judging from this move, Zhang Lu did not care who won Liu Bei or Liu Zhang, he was ready to take precautions, because Zhang Lu knew that Liu Zhang had the heart to seize Hanzhong but did not have the ability, Liu Bei was different, he not only had the heart to seize Hanzhong, but also had the strength to seize Hanzhong.
Why did Zhang Lu affirm that Liu Bei's attitude toward Hanzhong was to seize rather than coexist like Liu Yan? The reason is simple, Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair" is written very clearly.
If there is a change in the world, then order a general to take the army of Jingzhou to XiangWan and Luo, and the general to lead the people of Yizhou out of Qinchuan, and who dare the people not eat pot pulp to meet the general?
If he wanted to realize the plan of "out of Qin Chuan", he would naturally occupy Hanzhong, so Zhang Lu had made preparations earlier. However, although Zhang Lu was smart, he was unable to return to heaven in the face of Cao Cao's strong attack. Hanzhong is sandwiched between the Cao and Liu families, and neither of them will choose to be lips and teeth with themselves, they both want to annex themselves, Zhang Lu's precariousness, but he has actually made plans for himself long ago.
Pei Songzhi was very clear about Zhang Lu's plot, believing that Zhang Lu was "going to surrender for defeat, and now he is favored by ten thousand households, and all five sons are crowned marquises." Chen Shou's evaluation of Zhang Lu was, "To die in danger, Baozong Ancestral", in short, when Zhang Lu was alive and dead in Hanzhong, he chose to protect his own ancestral ancestors.
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, "Lu wanted to surrender to Hanzhong, but his brother Wei refused to lead tens of thousands of people to refuse to hold on", Zhang Lu's determination to surrender had already existed, but his brother refused, so Hanzhong sent heavy troops to resist Cao Cao, and later after the defeat, Zhang Lu "defeated and then surrendered", in exchange for his own and his heirs' wealth.
Therefore, Zhang Lu's surrender to Cao Cao was actually a surrender that had been planned long ago, not because of a momentary anger, let alone an impulsive move.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Why did Zhang Lu reject the "enthusiastic" Liu Bei? </h1>
Zhang Lu's surrender to Cao Cao was the same as surrendering to Liu Bei, and he could no longer continue to be his own hanzhong overlord, and it was clear that Liu Bei was more enthusiastic about Zhang Lu, so why did he reject Liu Bei?
First, Liu Bei's "enthusiasm" is very hypocritical
After Liu Bei occupied Yizhou, Cao Cao and Zhang Lu fought fiercely at Yangping Pass in the autumn and July of the twentieth year of Jian'an, and at this time, Liu Bei's army adopted a "wait-and-see" attitude, until 4 months later, Zhang Lu was defeated and retreated to Brazil, at this time, there was a scene where Liu Bei's "enthusiasm" sent Huang Quan to meet him.
Second, Liu Bei did not need Zhang Lu
After Liu Bei entered Yizhou, the Jingzhou clique poured into the Yizhou clique to seize the share of power, and it was not easy to complete the control of Yizhou in a short period of time, and it was not easy to gain a firm foothold, and the policy adopted by Liu Bei at that time was known as "Rende".
Liu Bei did not kill Liu Zhang, but gave Liu Zhang a wealth, "moved (Liu) Zhang to nan county public security, returned all his property and the former general Pei Zhenwei Seal Silk", and appeased the people Liu Zhang had reused, did not purge Liu Zhang's old department, but gave them special attention, so that they still held important positions. Therefore, Liu Bei was able to quickly establish a leadership position in Yizhou.
Zhang Lu was different from them, Zhang Lu and Liu Zhang had a feud with Liu Zhang, who had "killed Lu's mother and brother" in anger. Liu Zhang's vendetta against Zhang Lu naturally developed into a feud between Yizhou and Hanzhong.
Therefore, Zhang Lu's surrender to Liu Bei was not only something that Zhang Lu did not want to see, but even Liu Bei did not want to see Zhang Lu surrender, because Zhang Lu's arrival would undermine the harmony and stability of Yizhou. But why did Liu Bei still enthusiastically go forward to greet him? After all, Liu Bei didn't need only Zhang Lu, but Hanzhong was still something he had to get.
Third, Zhang Lu may really not want to be with Liu Bei
Liu Bei entered Yizhou, after all, it was Liu Zhang who turned to him for help, but he still occupied Yizhou, although Liu Bei left Liu Zhang a life, but Liu Zhang's lost competitiveness was just a move taken by Liu Bei in order to stabilize Yizhou.
Most importantly, when Ma Chao fell into disrepair and defected to Zhang Lu, Zhang Lu was very important to him, and borrowed him many times to borrow soldiers and horses, but Ma Chao had nothing to achieve, and could not survive in the Zhang Lu clique, and eventually turned to Liu Bei. Liu Bei dug zhang lu's corner, Zhang Lu was very angry, no matter what, Zhang Lu was kind to Ma Chao, so Zhang Lu hated Liu Bei inevitably.
Liu Zhang and Ma Chao are both powerful figures, on the surface it seems that Liu Bei can tolerate them, in fact, they have been excluded from the center of power, Liu Zhang naturally does not need to say more, although Ma Chao looks glamorous, in fact, has been marginalized, although the official position is high, the territory of garrison is actually under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou.
If Zhang Lu surrendered to Liu Bei, if he did not mix well, it was Liu Zhang's level; even if Liu Bei treated Zhang Lu kindly, that is, Ma Chao's situation. Moreover, Zhang Lu also had to face the old department of Yizhou and Ma Chao, and even face Liu Bei, whom he did not like, which made Zhang Lu unable to accept it.
Whether from the perspective of the general environment or from the perspective of the strategic development of Hanzhong, Zhang Lu took the plot of "Baozong Ancestral Hall" as the starting point, and Liu Bei was not very compatible, weighing the pros and cons, Zhang Lu chose Cao Cao, who was stronger and developed better, and said a sentence that expressed his inner disposition: "I would rather be a slave to Cao Gong than a guest for Liu Bei!" ”
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of the State of Huayang