<h1>Click: Further reading: https://www.toutiao.com/a6602623980497011207/</h1>
Gong Xian, the head of the "Eight Houses of Jinling" in the Qing Dynasty, was a landscape painter who paid attention to both traditional brush and ink and the creation of the teacher's method, and his works were mostly written about Jinling landscapes, which were better than the use of ink.
Gong Xian put forward the four points of brushwork, ink, hills and valleys, and qi rhyme as the four points of a painter, advocating that painting should use a pen in the center, and that it should be ancient, healthy, old, and cang, in order to avoid the disease of carving, knotting, and board, which is quite insightful.
Gong Xianxi uses old and simple brush strokes, calm and steady, and uses both bald pen and sharp pen. Bald pen, taken from rounded and vigorous, hook house, rub, paint trees and dot moss old and powerful. Gong Xian uses his pen to advocate "want to show and grow old", and to show and grow old is accurate, concise and smooth with changes. Gong Xian uses ink, which is known for accumulating ink layer by layer, although it does not need to splash ink, it has the effect of splashing ink and moisturizing.
○ Brushwork Ink Qi Qiu Qi Rhyme
1, first talk about the penmanship, then talk about ink, and more about Qiu Yuan, the qi rhyme can not be said, the three have to be qi rhyme.
2, the penmanship should be ancient, the ink should be thick, the Qiu Valley should be stable, and the qi rhyme should be muddy. It is also known that the penmanship should be healthy, the ink should be alive, the Qiu Qi should be strange, and the qi rhyme should be elegant. The rhyme is also like the wind. The pen center has been in the forefront since ancient times, the ink can not be counted over the years, the older the age, the thicker the ink, the more clever and clumsy, the deeper the work. Zheng Zifang said: "Chai Zhang's ink qi is like alchemy, ink qi is alive, and Dan Chengyi is." This phrase is recent.
○ Penmanship
1, the pen should be the center of the first, but the center can learn from everyone, if the bias and can not see the weight of the contemporary, the situation is passed on later? The center is Tibetan, and the Tibetan front is ancient, which is no different from calligraphy. The brushwork is ancient and sparse, it is thick, it is round, it is self-carving, knot, plate disease, empty scenery is easy, real scene is difficult. The empty scene should be cold, and the real scene should be loose.
2, cold is not thin, cold and thin is said to be widowed, there are thousands of hills and valleys and still cold, quiet also. There is a stone and a wood and a troublemaker, and the pen is rough and evil. Pen and ink are simple and self-cooling.
3, pen and ink guan people are used, pen moist people enjoy wealth, pen dry people eat poor, dry and moist people expensive, wet and rough leaks are cheap. After drying up easy to moist, from wet to thin, moist non-wet also.
4, the tree is moist, the mountain and stone are moist, the tree is dry, the tree is thick and the mountain is light, and the irrational is also. If a thick tree has a black point at the beginning, it will be freehand, and if the painting is shallow, it will be deepened.
5, the deep tree has seven times of ink, if the seven times are thick ink, it will not become a tree. It can be seen that the thick trees have accumulated into a moist and unfathomable also.
6, add seven times ink, not seven times are on time. One point, two times plus, three times, then rest, to dry and thicken, and add a light point, even the total dye is seven times.
7, thick trees are not stained or moist, but the dye is difficult, thick must not be thin, thick has ink, thin and unstained. There is a little bit of addition in the thick tree, there are wrinkles and dyes, there are addition points, there are dyes and wrinkles, and it is necessary to ask for them carefully.
8. Straight point leaves are all straight, and if the horizontal point leaves are stained horizontally.
9, thick for the point, light for the addition, dry for the wrinkle, wet for the dye.
10. Add light leaves to the thick leaves, but jagged ears.
11. When it comes to adding leaves, there are self-stained ears. Dry dyeing is wrinkle, wet dyeing is dyeing.
12, if the tree does not understand after the dyeing, may wish to add thickening.
13, the leaves are thick and light, the thick place is slightly moist, and the light place should be slightly dry.
14, point leaves: turn the left branch, and then point the head of the tree; if you go to the right of the tree, you may wish to point the head of the tree first.
15, point thick tree is the most difficult, myopia is a little, but the distant view is also mixed, will be dry pen thick and light, and the power of the mud.
16, there is a leaf does not add, the leaves must have thick and lively places, if the dead ink is used on it, there is no need to take the forest also.
17, if the four sides of the leaves of the forest are stained with ink and the middle is light, the work of this ink is also. The outside of the pen is dry and the inside is moist, then the leaf is noter, the method is clear, and the moss is used.
18, the leaves will be tightly hugged to the beginning of the tree, if it is loose, it will be bloated.
19, one vertical and one horizontal, the way of the leaf.
20, the point leaf is not visible to the nib pen root, see the nib pen root, the partial edge also.
21, the center of the front is Hidden, the Tibetan front pen is round, the pen round qi is thick, this point of the leaf is also the key.
22. If the pine needle is written in italics, if the horizontal point is written, if the half chrysanthemum is written in grass, if the circle is sealed.
23, there are several kinds of needles, but can not be used indiscriminately, about fine painting is suitable for work, rough painting should be written, long and thin is expensive.
24. The older the pine, the thinner the leaves, and the older the tree, the thinner the strip. Those who do not have high pen strength should not be used as pine trees.
25. He shall not be allowed to mix them with only shallow sand, secluded roads, short grass, cold smoke, and water. The body is short and long-branched, multi-pronged and knotted.
26. The method of painting the garden is the only one that I have, and no one who has passed it on before me. Whoever paints a tree with a short body and long branches will first paint it, and will never paint a garden. A few trees are formed, and then more branches are added to the lead, but only a few strokes are folded. If at first you paint your head in your chest, and if you fold your pen before you stretch it up, you will become a spring garden, the so-called beauty scenery.
27, wicker folding prescription, if the strip and the branch are not connected, if not connected, the so-called intention to the pen can not be also.
28, although the garden is mostly used directly to extend a few branches from the upward one, it is not necessary to have all the branches on it.
29. Painting trees such as pine, cypress, plane tree, fir, and garden and coloring maple leaves is famous, and the rest are also nameless. However, painters also have their own names, such as ink leaves, flat dots, circles and the like, and there is no need to distinguish between the so-called mulberry, garnet, locust, and neem.
30. The original name of the painting leaf is not named, but the inheritor is self-reliant. The original painting leaves are amorphous, but they cannot flow into the small side, and they are deviant, and people are not always seen. About the ink leaf, flat point, plantain, cape, circle several kinds of positive ear, although he is strange, all of which are derived from this. Such as a kind of ink leaf, turned into a fat ink leaf and straight point, thin and half a chrysanthemum, long and shawl, horizontal and tiger whiskers, cluster for chrysanthemum, flying white for sandwich leaves, chaotic and gathering points. Flat dots and round dots, horizontal and long eyebrows, letter pens for oblique dots, put into large dots, trees and fine dots, double hooks for phoenix eyes. The shawl is transformed into a long shawl, a light view, a hair cover, a straight point, a hundred feathers, a flying hair, and a hanging needle. The circle is transformed into grass four, seal six, full chrysanthemum half chrysanthemum, poly fruit, flag fan, chestnut bun, hanging eggplant, banana leaf, and white plume. All kinds of unnamed traits, all of which were the first five mothers.
31. The main tree is not ink leaves, that is, flat points, and these two kinds of leaves are the positive grid of the leaves.
32, the method of painting leaves is not the same, one tree is horizontal, two trees are straight, three trees are upward, and four or five trees should be changed. Or autumn scenery, then use sandwich leaves. Among several trees, there must be a leaf clipper, which is called a broken momentum, and several trees are black, and the one who is a monologue of this tree wants to wake up his ears.
33, the big pen should be vigorous, the weak one is soft and not weak, the strong one is not brittle, and the strong one is the painter's first stroke, refined into a book.