Gong Xian, a famous painter of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was one of the eight great masters of Jinling.
Gong Banqian's life and achievements
Gong Xian was born in a family of official eunuchs who fell in the middle of the family road, and began to learn painting at the age of thirteen, and studied with Yang Wenqi and Dong Qichang. Because of his upright character and achievements in poetry, books, and paintings, Gong Xian appeared among the Nanjing scholars.
Gong Xian is a landscape painter who pays attention to both traditional brush and ink and the creation of teachers. His creation is mainly based on the painting methods of the five generations of Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, with the brush and ink of the Northern School of Painting in the early Song Dynasty as the main body, and at the same time combined with his own observation and feeling of natural landscapes.
His brushwork has achieved ancient, healthy, old and cang, avoiding the diseases of carving, knotting and boarding, which is quite incisive. The use of ink is also known for the accumulation of ink layers, which has the effect of splashing ink smoke and moisturizing, and has the characteristics of the Song people's ink.
So he painted mountain stone trees, with a central pen, Cang Jin Gu Hou, and the ink accumulation method as a repeated rubbing and accumulation of dyeing, up to a dozen layers, the ink color is extremely thick, but there are still subtle changes such as shades, shades, light and shade, etc. The mountain stone trees are often integrated, leaving only some highlights and solid contours at the edge of the yang or contour, the effect is strong, with a thick, beautiful, and somber unique style, successfully showing the characteristics of dense, moist, and deep jiangnan landscape.
He also makes good use of black and white contrast techniques.
In addition, he also attaches great importance to the "three far" composition principle, in the creation of often improve the angle of the line of sight, "flat and far" composition, more take the angle of view, so that the field of vision is wide, the flat multiplication of ethereal feeling. In the midst of the scale, the mountains and rivers are endless. As a "high and far-reaching" composition, the same is true, first looking down, and then looking up, really has the spirit of going down to the deep valley and the upper peak.
He pays great attention to the position of the top and bottom. His landscape paintings are generally very "full", but "full" is not stuffed, often using cloud belts and flowing water as blank breathing. From the whole picture, it is very charming. This is the rhyme of Gong Xian's pen, ink and hills, thus creating landscape paintings with local characteristics. He is the leader of the well-deserved "Jinling Painting School".
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