Fan Ju stills
Although Shang Martin, Zhang Yi, and Fan Ju were not natives of the Qin State, they all used their wisdom and wisdom to be used by the monarchs of the Qin State and made important contributions to the strength of the Qin State. However, just as "when the moon is full, it loses, and when the water is full, it overflows", these three able people also have times when they lose power. The difference is that Shang Martin and Zhang Yi, faced with the loss of power, were thinking of the Fa to escape the Qin State, while Fan Ju was unwilling to leave the Qin State even if he died. Is It that Fan Ju did not have such wisdom to flee? Or does he not want to do it?
One
Let's first take a look at the performance of the martingale after losing power. According to the "Chronicle of Shang Jun", Shang Martin was a Wei guo, and after coming to the Qin state, he was highly used by Qin Xiaogong, and in order to implement the new law, he once punished the prince's teacher Gongzi Qian. Later, Duke Xiao of Qin died and was succeeded by the crown prince. Gongzi Qian then instructed people to file a complaint with the newly succeeded King of Qin, later known as King Hui of Qin, saying that Shang Martin wanted to rebel. Shang Martin heard that King Hui of Qin had sent someone to arrest him, and he was leading people to run to the State of Wei. Although Shang Martin fled to the State of Wei, because he had offended the people of the State of Wei that year, he was escorted back to the State of Qin by the State of Wei. After the desperate Shang Martin returned to the Qin state, he led his men to really rebel and sent troops to attack Zheng Yi. But such a move was tantamount to an egg touching a stone, and Shang Martin's people and horses were soon wrapped in dumplings by the Qin Army. After the Shang martingale was defeated and killed, he was not only punished by King Hui of Qin, but also exterminated.
Zhang Yi stills
Zhang Yi's outcome after losing power was much better than that of Shang Martingale. According to the "Chronicle of Zhang Yilie", Zhang Yi was a native of the State of Wei, and after he came to the State of Qin, he was favored by King Hui of Qin and assisted King Hui of Qin in breaking through the alliance and expanding the territory, so that the State of Qin reached an unprecedented strength. However, although Zhang Yi was able to maneuver among the princes, he still could not escape the fate of losing power. After the death of King Hui of Qin, King Wu of Qin succeeded to the throne, and Zhang Yi was in danger, and the record of Zhang Yi's biography is that "in the first year of King Wu of Qin, the courtiers hated Zhang Yi day and night, and Qi Rang arrived again." The domestic and international situations were very unfavorable to Zhang Yi, and Zhang Yi also clearly realized this, how can she escape the fate of being killed like Shang Martin? Zhang Yi used his wisdom to persuade King Wu of Qin to send him to the State of Wei. In this way, Zhang Yi not only successfully left the Qin state and came to the Wei state, but also achieved the high-ranking official of Wei Xiang, who was "one year old in Xiang Wei and died in Wei Ye", and finally got a good ending.
Let's take a look at Fan Ju's performance after losing power. Fan Ju was also a native of the State of Wei, and after being reused by King Qin Zhao, he made great contributions to the weakening of the Six Kingdoms of the Qin State and was given the title of Ying Hou, among them, the Battle of Changping of Qin and Zhao, the reason why the State of Qin was able to win a great victory, was inseparable from Fan Ju's counter-plan, "making Ma Fuzi a rather good general", which refers to Zhao Kuo, who can only talk about soldiers on paper. However, due to problems with Zheng Anping and Wang Ji, who Fan Ju recommended to King Qin Zhao—Zheng Anping "surrendered Zhao with 20,000 soldiers" and Wang Ji "communicated with the princes and sat on the Law"—Fan Ju was also in danger of being killed by Zhu Lian. Faced with such a dangerous situation, Fan Juyi did not use his ingenuity to leave the Qin State like Shang Martin, and second, he did not use his wisdom to leave the Qin State like Zhang Yi did. Rather, it is the face of "the law of Qin, and those who are allowed to do others and those who are not good will be guilty of their sins." Therefore, the criminal law of "yinghou should be taken by the three tribes" on the one hand, asking for the guilt of King Qin Zhao, and on the other hand, after receiving forgiveness from King Qin Zhao, he lived a depressed and frightened life, and the historical records are "Ying Hou is increasingly unyielding" and "Ying Hou is afraid and does not know what to do."
People are always going to die. Regarding the end of Fan Ju's life, there are currently two theories: one is that Sima Qian said in the "History of Fan Ju Cai Zelie's Biography": "At the request of Hou Yin Xie's illness, please return to Xiangyin." King Zhao raised Ying Hou strongly, and Ying Hou was called sick. Fan Ju was spared...", Fan Ju was able to save his life by retreating from the rapids; the other is the Qin Jian unearthed in the Sleeping Tiger Land, which clearly records that "fifty-two years, Wang Ji and Zhang Lu died". Zhang Lu is the name fan ju used in the Qin kingdom. That is to say, Fan Ju was executed in this year because Wang Ji was subjected to Zhu Lian. But no matter which of these two situations was true, the result was the same for Fan Ju--he confessed his fate and died in the Qin Kingdom, never thinking of fleeing. Why is that?
Two
To answer this question, we still have to sort out the experiences of Shang Martin, Zhang Yi, and Fan Ju in the Qin Kingdom.
Let's start with the martingale. When Shang Martin first arrived in the Qin state, the ruler of the Qin state was Qin Xiaogong. Although Qin Xiaogong did not meet Shang Martin at a glance, when the two had an in-depth conversation, Qin Xiaogong decided that Shang Martin was the auxiliary shi neng he was looking for, and when talking, Qin Xiaogong was "unaware of his knee before Xi Ye." Words are not tired for several days", it can be said that the communication between Qin Xiaogong and Shang Martin entered a state of self-forgetfulness. Qin Xiaogong had such an affirmation of Shang Martin, and naturally he had every kind of trust in him, and he was trying to overcome public opinion and support Shang Martin in changing the law.
Not only that, but Duke Xiao of Qin also "sealed the fifteen yi of Shang and was called Shang Jun". During this period, Shang Martin could be said to be for the sake of the Qin State, or to be precise, to repay the favor of Qin Xiaogong's knowledge, and to carry out the change of law at the risk of killing his head, because with Shang Martin's cleverness, he must have known the consequences of offending the Qin Emperor, especially the future Qin Jun, the prince. Shang Martin's loss of power stemmed from the death of Qin Xiaogong. As soon as Duke Xiaogong of Qin died, the crown prince inherited the throne, and naturally he wanted revenge, so the good days of Shang Martingale came to an end. Shang Martin was really clever, in the words of the common people, that is, "seeing the situation is not good, turning his head and running", without waiting for King Hui of Qin to send someone to arrest, he fled the Qin state early.
Stills of the martingale
Let's look at Zhang Yi. When Zhang Yi was discouraged, he went to the Chu state to seek development. Because he was born poor, when Chu Xiang lost his jade bi, he regarded him as a key suspect - "Yi poor and has no way, he will steal the bi of the king." Zhang Yi, who suffered from this injustice because of poverty, was "plundered hundreds", but no matter how he used the torture, Zhang Yi just did not admit it, and his will was quite firm. Later, Zhang Yi came to the Qin Kingdom and was highly valued by King Hui of Qin and was worshipped as Qin Xiang. With the powerful Qin State as the backing, Zhang Yi's heart of revenge also became urgent, and he sent a letter to Chu Xiang, who had wronged himself, saying, I did not steal your jade bi back then, but you said that I stole it, and you also whipped me fiercely. Now, I tell you plainly that you are ready, and I will "steal" the city of your Chu kingdom. Zhang Yi, with the support of King Hui of Qin, also did what he said, went deep into the Chu state to deceive the king of Chu Huai, and really "stole" a lot of land in the chu state.
It can be said that without the reuse of King Qin Hui, there would be no climax in Zhang Yi's life, so Zhang Yi also worked for the Qin State in a desperate state to repay the kindness of King Qin Hui's knowledge. However, while Zhang Yi was running between the princes day and night for the Qin state, King Hui of Qin died. As soon as his son King Wu of Qin succeeded to the throne, Zhang Yi also faced the dilemma of Shang Martin, and it was the group of courtiers who "evild Zhang Yi day and night" in front of King Qin Wu. Faced with such a dangerous environment, Zhang Yi made a little trick and fled the Qin State.
Fan Ju's encounter before he gained power was somewhat similar to Zhang Yi's, who was once regarded as a traitor to the State of Wei and beaten by Wei Xiang Wei Qi as a "folded and folded tooth". Seeing that his life was in danger, Fan Ju had to flee the Wei state by pretending to be dead. In the process of applying for a job in the Qin Kingdom, Fan Ju's encounter was somewhat similar to that of Shang Martin, at first, King Qin Zhao did not value Fan Ju, but once he realized Fan Ju's talent, he humbly asked Fan Ju for advice, first "Qin Wang Hesitated and asked: 'Why is Mr. Qin lucky enough to teach a widow?' When Fan Ju did not express a specific opinion, he "repeated and asked: 'Why is the gentleman fortunate enough to teach the widow?'" ','"If it is three". King Qin Zhao not only reused Fan Ju, but also took the initiative to avenge him.
Fan Ju's enemy Wei Qi heard that Fan Ju was seeking revenge, and was so frightened that he resigned from wei and ran to the home of Zhao Sheng, the prince of the Zhao Plains, and hid. When King Qin Zhao heard about it, he did not hesitate to use a little rogue means to avenge Fan Ju, and he personally wrote a letter to Pingyuan Jun, saying, I heard that you are a person of high righteousness, I would like to make friends with you, you come to Qin, we will make friends well, thus tricking Pingyuan Jun into the Qin Kingdom. As soon as Pingyuan Jun came to the Qin Kingdom, King Qin Zhao showed his cards, detained Pingyuan Jun in the Qin State, and would not let him go without handing over Wei Qi. In the end, Wei Qi, who was forced into a corner, had to choose to commit suicide.
It can be said that all the glory and wealth of Fan Ju were given by King Qin Zhao. The reason for Fan Ju's loss of power was different from that of Shang Martin and Zhang Yi, who was not lost because the new monarch of Qin Zhaowang died and was no longer important to him, but because he was ineffective in recommending talents to King Qin Zhao, and he was lost by Zhu Lian. According to the "Biography of Fan Ju Cai Zelie", although fan ju had a problem recommending talents, King Qin Zhao did not intend to kill him, but Fan Ju felt that Zheng Anping and Wang Ji, whom he recommended to King Qin Zhao, surrendered to the enemy and betrayed the country, which brought great difficulties to King Qin Zhao's administration, and felt that "the Lord is worried about the humiliation of the subject, and the lord is insulting the subject to death", and his political life has come to an end, and he is only one step away from being killed.
Three
After combing through the experiences of Shang Martin, Zhang Yi, and Fan Ju in the Qin Kingdom, we will find that when Shang Martin and Zhang Yi lost power, their original benefactors Qin Xiaogong and Qin Huiwang had already passed away, and the newly succeeded Qin monarchs did not trust them, so they could flee and run as long as they could. When Fan Ju lost power, his benefactor King Qin Zhaowang was still on the throne. With such a benefactor who is so kind to himself, how can Fan Ju, who has made a mistake, slip away as soon as he slaps his ass? How he really did that, then he was really a real villain. It was precisely because he would rather die than leave the Qin State that he showed the glorious side of his personality.
Is there a theoretical basis for such an explanation? some.
Mr. Mengzi, who was almost contemporary with Shang Martin and Zhang Yi, once said: "If the king regards his subjects as brothers and sisters, then the subjects regard the king as his heart; the king regards the subjects as dogs and horses, and the subjects regard the king as the people; the kings regard the subjects as the earth mustard, and the subjects regard the kings as vengeance." "The gist is that the monarch treats his subjects as his own siblings, and his subordinates look at the monarch as his own heart; the monarch treats his subjects like dogs and horses, and his subordinates look at the monarch like passers-by; the monarch treats his subjects like dirt and grass, and his subordinates look at the monarch as robbers and enemies. Using Mencius's theory to look at the choices made by Shang Martin, Zhang Yi, and Fan Ju when they lost power, we can find out how correct Mencius's theory is. Just imagine, if Fan Ju had lost power after the death of King Qin Zhao, he would not hesitate to flee the Qin state to save his life like Shang Martin and Zhang Yi.
From the life experience of Shang Martin, Zhang Yi and Fan Ju, we can draw such a conclusion: as a leader, we must sincerely care for and love our subordinates, and only leaders who always think about their subordinates can win the sincere support and love of their subordinates.
Author: Zhao Xianwen, our special guest author