Yi Zhou Shu And Tan Fa Xie: "There is virtue in the land, and there is a labor in the jia", and "Xiang" as a nickname means that it has made great contributions in opening up the territory and expanding the territory and conquering foreign countries. In the history of the State of Qi, there were two names of monarchs with the character "Xiang" as a courtesy name, "Duke Xiang of Qi" and "King of Qi Xiang", but they did not refer to the same person.
Qi Xianggong
Duke Xiang of Qi, courtesy name Zhu'er, was the twelfth and fourteenth monarch of the State of Qi, the eldest son of Lü Lufu, the Duke of Qi, and the eldest brother of Lü Xiaobai, the Duke of Qi Huan, who reigned from 697 BC to 686 BC and served as a monarch of the State of Qi for a total of 12 years. The reason why Lü Zhu'er was able to get the nickname of "Xiang" was related to the greatest achievement of his life- the extinction of the ji.
Ji Guo was originally an ancient Fang state of the Dongyi ethnic group, which had existed at least in the Shang Dynasty, and in the Zhou Dynasty, the Ji State accepted the re-canonization of the Zhou royal family and became a vassal state subject to the Zhou royal family, and its monarch's title was marquis. Ji Guo and the Zhou royal family were very close, and when King Yi of Zhou was king, Ji Hou made rumors to King Yi of Zhou, causing King Zhou Yi to kill the fifth monarch of the State of Qi, Duke Ai of Qi, and the State of Ji became a feud of the State of Qi.
In the twenty-fourth year of the Duke of Qi (707 BC), "The Marquis of Qi and Zheng Bo dynasty yu ji, want to attack it, and the ji people know it." Because Ji Guo saw through the intentions of The Duke of Qi, the Duke of Qi abandoned the plan to sneak attack the State of Ji, but the heart of the State of Qi to destroy the State of Ji had been revealed, and Ji Hou was panicked, so he actively sought the protection of the State of Lu and the Zhou royal family through marriage. In the thirteenth year of the Duke of Lu Huan (699 BC), ji guo, with the help of the state of Lu and the state of Zheng, defeated the combined forces of Qi, Song, Wei, and Yan that had come to invade. The following year (698 BC), Duke Qi died of illness, and Ji Guo temporarily escaped the disaster.
Statue of Qi Gong
Whether the death of Gong Qi was related to the failure of the Extinction of the Discipline is not recorded in the main history, but judging from the fact that he died of illness shortly after the failure of the Qi Dynasty, it is very likely that the Duke of Qi died of grief and regret because of the defeat in the Battle of qi.
The eleventh time in the Chronicle of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty records the death of Duke Qi, he made this play: "The Duke of Qi was defeated by the soldiers in Ji, and he became ill with anger, and he was sick in winter, and he summoned the sons of his sons to the bedside and instructed: 'Ji, my worldly enemy, those who can destroy the ji, are filial piety.' Ru is now on the throne, and this should be the first thing. Those who cannot avenge this, do not enter my temple! ’”
Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasties
After Duke Xiang of Qi ascended the throne, the momentum of the Logging Dynasty increased unabated, and Duke Huan of Lu intervened again. In the spring of the seventeenth year of the Duke of Lu Huan, the Duke of Lu Huan intervened to mediate the hostile relations between the State of Qi and the State of Ji, and the three parties met in the "Yellow" land. At that time, the strength of the State of Lu and the State of Qi was comparable, and the Zheng State, which was not weak, also sided with the State of Lu, so the Duke of Qi Xiang ostensibly accepted the mediation of the Duke of Lu Huan, but secretly was still secretly planning to destroy the discipline.
In the summer of that year, Duke Xiang of Qi ordered the Qi army to create an incident on the frontier of Qilu, and then announced to Lu Huan that princess Lu Huan would marry the women of the Zhou royal family to him, and on this grounds invited Lu Huan and his wife to the Qi Hui Alliance. In order to reconcile with the State of Qi, Duke Huan of Lu took his wife Wen Jiang to the State of Qi in the spring of the following year (694 BC) to meet with Duke Xiang of Qi, but three months later, Duke Lu Huan died in the State of Qi. Regarding the cause of Death of Duke Huan of Lu, the Eighteenth Year of Duke Huan and the History of the Family of Duke Taigong of Qi both state that Duke Xiang of Qi and Lady Wen Jiang of Duke Huan committed adultery first, and after the adultery between the two was discovered by Duke Huan of Lu, Duke Xiang of Qi instructed his son Peng Sheng to murder Duke Lu Huan, and finally when Duke Xiang of Qi faced the questioning of Lu Guo, he only benefited the dead prince Peng Sheng as an explanation.
Judging from the fact that Lu Huangong and his wife stayed in the State of Qi for three months from the spring of 694 to the summer of April, in this alliance, the two monarchs must have discussed major national events involving the core interests of both sides at that time, in addition to the marriage between Zhou and Qi, it is very likely that it is related to the territorial disputes between Qilu and Lu and the issue of jiguo.
Even if Lu Huangong did die of the deliberate murder of Qi Xianggong as stated in the Zuo Chuan and the Records of History, the real reason would probably never be as simple as the private affairs of his children, but rather Lu Huangong's resolute interference attitude on the issue of the destruction of the core interests of the State of Qi. Duke Huan of Lu was well aware that once the State of Qi was destroyed, it would grow rapidly and become a fierce enemy of the State of Lu, so in the eighteen years since he ascended the throne, he actively joined forces with the State of Zheng to prevent the State of Qi from destroying the Discipline, making the State of Qi very passive in diplomatic and military activities.
In the face of such a strong enemy, Qi Xianggong, after the fruitless talks, took extraordinary measures to murder him, thus causing a temporary chaos in the political situation of the Lu state and thus clearing the way for himself to eliminate discipline. In order to remove another obstacle to the extinction of the discipline, the Duke of Qi Xiang killed the gentleman of the State of Zheng in the same way, weǐ, and the Duke of Qi Xiang killed the two princes of Lu and Zheng in a row within a year, causing both Lu and Zheng to fall into chaos and temporarily losing the ability to interfere in the destruction of the discipline of the State of Qi.
In the year 693 BC of Luzhuang, Duke Xiang of Qi successfully married a Zhou royal woman. The State of Ji, which had lost the protection of the State of Lu and the State of Zheng, no longer had the ability to resist in the face of the State of Qi, which also achieved marriage with the Zhou royal family. In the same year, the Qi army forcibly removed the people of Ji Guo 's (píng), jìn ( ) , and wú ( ) .
In the third year of the Duke of Luzhuang and the seventh year of the Duke of Qi Xiang (691 BC), in the face of the strong offensive of the State of Qi, the State of Ji was divided into two, and the Land of Ji (xī), which bordered the State of Qi, became a vassal of the State of Qi, and was ruled by Ji Ji, the younger brother of Marquis Ji. In the fourth year of the Duke of Luzhuang and the eighth year of the Duke of Qixiang, Ji Hou, who did not want to be a vassal of the State of Qi, handed over all the remaining land to his younger brother Ji Ji, fled the capital himself, the State of Ji perished, and all the territory was incorporated into the State of Qi, and the Duke of Qi Xiang finally completed the strategic goal of destroying the State of Qi, which greatly expanded the territory of the State of Qi.
For the State of Qi, Duke Xiang of Qi was definitely a very accomplished monarch. The reason why The reason why Qi Xianggong was not highly regarded in history was mainly because he had a loss of private morality: he had an affair with his sister Wen Jiang, lived a luxurious life, and lost faith in his courtiers, and because he was untrustworthy in his courtiers' titles and managed to his father, he caused the disaster of killing himself, which plunged the State of Qi into civil strife.
The second monarch in the history of the State of Qi to receive the title of "Xiang" was Tian Fazhang, the seventh monarch of the State of Qi of the Tian clan. Tian Fazhang was the son of King Qi Tang and reigned from 283 BC to 265 BC.
In 284 BC, the five-nation alliance army, led by the Yan general Le Yi, defeated the main force of the Qi army in Jixi, and then Le Yi led the Yan army to capture Linzi and divide the troops to attack all parts of the State of Qi, capturing more than 70 cities in the State of Qi, leaving only the two cities of Ju and Jimo. After the fall of Linzi, the King of Qi fled to the states of Wei, Zou, and Lu, and finally died at ju at the hands of the Chu general. When King Xiang was killed, his son Tian Fazhang changed his name and surname to ju tai shi shu's family as a servant.
Soon after, Huan Ya was killed by Ju Ren, who together welcomed Tian FaZhang as the king of the State of Qi, and declared in the territory of the State of Qi: "The new king has already taken the throne in Ju. Five years later, Tian Dan defeated the main force of the Yan army in Jimo with a fire bull array, and immediately recovered all the lost land of the State of Qi, and went to Ju to welcome the King of Qi Xiang back to Linzi, the State of Qi successfully restored the country, the King of Qi Xiang appointed Tian Dan as the minister, and crowned him as the Prince of Anping, and Anping was the land that the Duke of Qi Xiang had annexed from the State of Ji.
Images of Tako
The reason why the State of Qi was miraculously restored, in addition to relying on Tian Shan to turn the tide, the timely accession of King Xiang of Qi to the throne was an extremely important factor, which showed the Qi people that the Qi royal family was still there and the State of Qi was not destroyed. Therefore, after Tian Dan defeated the main force of the Yan army with the fire bull array, the qi city pool occupied by the Yan army would quickly return to the rule of the King of Qi Xiang, which could not be achieved by relying solely on military strength. Therefore, although King Xiang of Qi did not have any outstanding performance in the process of restoring the state of Qi, as the representative of the Tian Qi royal family, he was a political banner symbolizing the "state of Qi", condensing the hearts of the military and people of the state of Qi, and the deep-seated reason why the state of Qi was able to recover all the lost land in a short period of time. After the restoration of the State of Qi, the national strength was lost, so King Xiang of Qi adopted a policy of resting with the people, and during his reign he was basically able to be humble and consultative, appoint talents, and restore the once interrupted Minoru Xuegong, and was a relatively wise monarch in the history of the State of Qi.
Minoru Gakugu Diagram
In short, in the history of the State of Qi, there were two monarchs with the character "Xiang" as their title, namely, the twelfth and fourteenth monarchs of the State of Qi of the Lü clan, Lü Zhu'er, the Duke of Qixiang, and Tian Fazhang, the seventh monarch of the State of Qi of the Qi state.