"It's the best of times, it's also the worst of times... People have everything in front of them, people have nothing in front of them; people are on the way to heaven, people are going to the gates of hell. ”
Dickens's classic opening words in A Tale of Two Cities describing nineteenth-century British society will not be outdated in any era.
Of course, this also includes the "new era of beauty" in which we are currently living.
High technology makes our lives more convenient than ever; the Internet makes the connection between people unprecedentedly simple; and the economic development of society allows most people to live a relatively worry-free life.
However, behind a prosperous scene, it is difficult to hide the anxiety in people's hearts.
The Internet has changed the frequency and distance of people's contact with the outside world, and people show themselves on the Internet while also constantly examining the lives of others. The Internet magnifies the granularity of people's perception of the world, often lamenting the impermanence of the world because of a message, or falling into comparison with others.
Unconsciously, people are bound by the invisible web of the Internet and cannot escape. The more anxious people are, the more they need the "ecstasy soup" of the Internet to fill their spiritual emptiness, and the more they lack reflection and self-examination on their lives.
If everything is not satisfactory in life and we do not have the courage to face our real life, what should we do?
This question, perhaps the great poet Tao Yuanming can give us the answer.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > failed career</h1>
Tao Yuanming was born in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and studied Confucian classics from an early age, but it was not until he was 29 years old that he first came out as an official.
After the Yongjia Rebellion, Sima Shi was forced to choose to cross south in yiguan, perhaps believing that the Eastern Jin Dynasty in a remote corner was destined to be a dynasty that was difficult to make a difference, so Tao Yuanming never showed much of a strong yearning for his career.
Regarding Tao Yuanming's first appearance, the Book of Song this legend:
"Rise as a state offering." Unable to perform official duties, he will return to his own liberation in a few days."
Tao Yuanming himself said that this time out of the army is out of the consideration of livelihood, and perhaps there are factors of "fierce ambition and escape from all over the world, and Qian Fei thinks far away". However, at that time, even if he was not in this bad position, his livelihood was not a big problem, and he did not have any grand plans to show, and his mentality could not adapt to trivial official duties, so he soon resigned and returned home.
Tao Yuanming spent several years at home after his first resignation, and in the middle of which there was an official call to be the master of Jiangzhou, but he did not go. It was not until the second year of Long'an (398 AD) that Tao Yuanming re-emerged and served under Huan Xuan's curtain.
Huan Xuan was the son of Huan Wen, a famous general of the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who had followed cao Cao's and Sima Zhao's example in forcing the imperial court to add nine tin to him, and the heart of the usurpation of Jin was well known. Huan Xuan inherited his father's wishes, first dividing Jiangling, then granting xiangguo, sealing the king of Chu, adding JiuXi, and finally becoming emperor in 403 AD, and was killed by The Qin Wangjun the following year.
After Tao Yuanming entered Huan Xuan's shogunate, he immediately felt that his future was uncertain from Huan Xuan's sword-wrenching relationship with the imperial court. From "Isn't it dangerous to go from the mountains?" Guizi thought of the future", "Since ancient times, I have known it from now on." Mountains and rivers are wide, and Sundanese are difficult and difficult. When the crashing waves ring out in the sky and the long wind is breathless" and other verses can be seen, Tao Yuanming is tired of the difficulties of his career from the bottom of his heart.
In 402 AD, Tao Yuanming's mother died, so at the age of 38, he began three years of Ding Worry, began a pleasant farming life, and also laid the groundwork for him to start a life of "returning to the garden and living in the countryside" in the future.
However, the main theme of life is not just pastoral pastoral, the poetry of the first time into the countryside, after all, is not able to compete with the same boring life. Moreover, Tao Yuanming is not an excellent farmer, and it is difficult for him to achieve self-sufficiency in life by relying on self-cultivation.
Therefore, in "The Middle of the Twelve Months of the Year of Decay and the Departure from Brother Jingyuan", Tao Yuanming revealed his sadness about his agricultural life:
"Sleeping under the heng gate, The Miao is inseparable from the world. Gu Panmo who knows, JingFeng is always closed during the day. The twilight wind is miserable, and the snow is shining. There is no sound in the ear, and it is clean in the eyes. The strength invaded the sleeves, and the scoop was set up repeatedly. Xiao Suo was empty, and there was nothing to please! ”
In order to be able to transcend the ideal world from the dilemma of having food and clothing become a problem in front of him, Tao Yuanming can only find the courage to stick to the poor festival from the people of his previous life:
"Through a thousand years of books, I have seen martyrs all the time. High exercise is not to climb, and the fallacy is solid. Pingjin can't help it, and it is clumsy to perch! Without a word, who can do anything else? ”
Tao Yuanming longs to be understood and supported. After a year of ploughing the countryside, in the face of the dilemma of not being able to provide for himself, his heart inevitably had doubts and regrets, and when his faith was shaken, he was even more bitterly thinking about it, and he needed to pour out the bitterness in his heart. Therefore, Tao Yuanming laughed at himself with "falsehood and solid poverty", expressing his helplessness about his situation at that time and sighing at his spirit of having nowhere to settle down.
After the Huanxuan Rebellion was quelled, Tao Yuanming seemed to see the hope of meritorious service from Liu Yu, the tyrant of the chaotic world. Yuanming once again came out with the mentality of "forty unknowns, not enough to be afraid", and served as a town army under Liu Yu's curtain to join the army.
However, Liu Yu was not a famous lord who was thirsty for talents and lixian like Liu Bei, and Tao Yuanming was not a politician like Zhuge Kongming who "did not know the three points of the world" and was strategic. Under Liu Yu's curtain, Tao Yuanming was named a staff member, but he was actually a miscellaneous servant. Seeing that Liu Yu had formed a party for personal gain, and that his "colleagues" were committing misdeeds, and that Tao Yuanming, who was not accustomed to all this, began to change from his original expectations to disappointment in his mentality, and within half a year he chose to leave to join the army under the account of Liu Jingxuan, the general of Jianwei.
However, liu Jingxuan stepped down from his post soon after. In the first year of Yixi (405 AD), on the recommendation of his uncle Tao Fu, Tao Yuanming served as Peng Zeling. This was Tao Yuanming's last appearance, and Peng Zeling was the harvest of three hundred mu of public land, and there were servants to cultivate it on his behalf.
Tao Yuanming originally spent time in the county order position just to have no worries about food and clothing, and leisurely waited for retirement. However, Tao Yuanming did not expect that even such a local official who was far away from the Emperor of Heaven needed to do a lot of things that violated his own temperament.
At the end of 405, the imperial court sent a postmaster to Pengze County to inspect the work. The county official told Tao Yuanming that he should wear his official clothes to greet him. Is Tao Yuanming a person who "bends his waist to the children in the township for five buckets of rice"? Naturally, he did not want to take the whole dress to see a little inspector.
Therefore, Tao Yuanming resigned from the government on the same day, and officially began his life of retreat until the end of his life.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > there are nine times out of ten people who are not satisfied in the world, how should life be settled? </h1>
Some people may say that Tao Yuanming's self-esteem is also too sensitive, right? Yes, if future success can be expected, and the former shame can be washed away, then "those who want to do something, can flex and stretch, and those who have great ambitions can also be humiliated by the crotch."
However, Tao Yuanming knew very well that he would no longer have any future, and his dignity would not have a new glory to compensate, and he could only carefully maintain it, so as not to let it be damaged again and destroy his inner peace. Therefore, resigning is his only option to maintain his self-esteem.
This move showed Tao Yuanming's integrity of "not bending his waist for five buckets of rice", maintained his image, and praised him endlessly for future generations. But at the same time that he decided to resign in this way, it also contained a little helplessness and a little bitterness in his heart for reality.
Therefore, Tao Yuanming's article "Return to Xi Ci" given after his resignation is not only to express the ease and joy of returning to the countryside, but also to affirm his choice. After realizing that he was not suitable for and unwilling to be an official, Tao Yuanming rejected all illusions placed on his career and decided to settle his life and spirit in the countryside of his hometown.
At this time, some people may say that Tao Yuanming is not the same as the "unsuccessful" young people who are wandering in the big cities today? Choosing to return to the countryside after the ideal is shattered, called returning to the garden and living in the countryside, is actually just an excuse for self-deception found after facing the failure of reality.
Yes, as Tao Yuanming said in "Returning to the Garden and Rural Residence", "There is little vulgar rhyme, and sex loves Qiushan". He said that he was reluctant to come out because his life's ambition was "Qiu Shan", combined with Tao Yuanming's several setbacks in his career, which was obviously a self-deceptive explanation. However, the ancient literati flaunted the ambition of seclusion precisely because they needed similar self-comfort and encouragement when faced with the dilemma between Shi and Cain?
However, just doing this is no different from ordinary people. The reason why Tao Yuanming is unique is not that he has left a retreat for himself in advance mentally, but in the face of many unsatisfactory expectations in life, he can always be calm and calm, and he is not insulted.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > to wine, to poetry — to settle down in nature and art</h1>
Tao Yuanming likes to drink, which is famous in history. Of his 142 surviving literary works, more than sixty deal with wine, and twenty in the "Drinking" poem alone. As he describes in The Biography of Mr. Goyanagi, drinking, reading, and writing are his three major hobbies. After his retreat, his works are almost full of wine.
After drinking alcohol, the alcohol in the body will stimulate the secretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, etc., and the nervous system will be abnormal, and people's thoughts, speeches, behaviors, feelings, psychology, etc. will be affected by it. As a result, literati often used wine as a spiritual and emotional vehicle to release by drinking it.
After drunkenness, the human spirit will enter a state of ethereal self-satisfaction:
"Quietly listen to the sound of thunder, familiarize yourself with the shape of Tarzan, do not feel the cut muscles of cold and heat, and the feelings of lust." Looking down on all things, disturbing the duckweeds of the Jiang han Dynasty, and the two hao waiters side-by-side, such as the worms and the borers."
- "Wine Virtue Song" Liu Ling
Many of people's troubles in reality will be thrown away after drinking, and spiritually it seems to have entered the free state of mind of the body and materialization, and the objectification and the object and self that Zhuangzi said.
The scribes were the carriers of traditional, orthodox, and mainstream ideas of antiquity, and as such, they attached great importance to them, even as the basic beliefs on which they stood in the world. However, from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Cao family and the Sima family took turns to subvert orthodoxy. When Wei Jinshi looked at it, it was inevitable that a sense of nothingness after the collapse of faith would arise in his heart. Therefore, the celebrities of this period are all actively born and hidden, actively looking for ways to enter the realm of Zhuangzi's getaway.
After resigning from Peng Zeling, Tao Yuanming watched Liu Yu step on the steps of Cao, Sima and Huanxuan, first being ennobled as the Duke of Song, then worshipping Xiangguo, adding Jiu Xi, killing Sima Dezong, the Emperor of Jin' An, and Establishing Sima Dewen, only one step away from usurping the throne, and gradually began to affirm his active departure from the political arena.
During this period, Tao Yuanming composed twenty poems in the "Drinking" group, in which he not only showed the changes in his thoughts and mentality, but also expressed his new understanding of life.
Faced with his increasingly depressed reality, Tao Yuanming used "Drinking" (such as "Drinking" (such as its one, two, six, eleven, and twelve) to sing and admire the poor people of ancient times to cheer himself up:
"Yan Sheng is called Ren, and Rong Gong has a way. Years of emptiness, long hunger to old age. Although he left his posthumous name, he withered away throughout his life. It is better to die than to know that the heart is solid. Guests raise thousands of golden bodies, and consume their treasures. Naked burial should be evil, and people should be interpreted. —Drinking Alcohol, 11
Yan Hui and Rong Qiqi were both poor soldiers, and although they left their names behind, they were all haggard or even poor all their lives. However, the white-clad dogs, the vicissitudes of the sea, the glory and decline of life are unpredictable, and they will also be transformed into each other, and the happiness of the truly virtuous people is not for the name behind them, but in the plight of poverty, they can also strive to find self-sufficiency and enjoy the feeling of happiness in peace.
Throughout the ages, it is common for the world to fall, and people still can't see through fame and fortune. Life is short, and there are many frustrated people, but few people really understand this truth.
"The tao mourns for a thousand years, and everyone regrets it." There is wine that refuses to drink, but the name of the world. So if you are my body, will you not be in your life? How many times in a lifetime? It's like an electric shock. In a hundred years, what will it be like to hold on to this! - Drinking, Part III
Looking at it this way, you will say that what is the difference between Tao Yuanming and Liu Ling, who is drunk in this dynasty and drunk and dreams of death?
There is a difference between the two:
"Don't you realize that there is me, and that things are precious?" Left by the fans, there is a deep taste in the wine. — Drinking, Xiv
Like Liu Ling, Tao Yuanming put aside the worldly strife in the middle of drinking, got rid of the worldly lilu heart, and got the deep taste in the wine. But he did not, like Liu Ling, completely placed his spirit in a state of drunkenness and escaped from the world through alcohol, but settled his life in a state of deep thinking under slight drunkenness, although drunk and awake.
"Xi Nong has been with me for a long time, and the whole world has rarely returned to the truth." KiKuro, make it pure. Although the phoenix bird did not arrive, Li Le was temporarily new, Soo Si quit slightly, drifting to catch crazy Qin. What is the sin of the book of poetry? Dust. Gentlemen and gentlemen, sincere and attentive. How in the world, there is no one in six families. Driving all day long, I don't see what I want. If you are not happy to drink, empty the headscarf. But hate many fallacies, and forgive the drunkard. "Drinking Alcohol" xxx
Imagine if Tao Yuanming was also seeking the realm of drunken dreams and death like Liu Ling, how could he have experienced the disasters of the destruction and abandonment of poetry and books, and was indignant and indignant at the generations of readers who were not valued and full of poetry but were poor and destitute? It is precisely because Tao Yuanming knows very well that the new dynasty to be established will not attach importance to poetry and books, will not attach importance to readers, but will only co-opt and use or exclude and crack down on them, so he prefers to settle his spirit in wine and poetry.
"The knot is in the human realm, and there is no noise of cars and horses. Q. How can you do it? The heart is far away from self-deprecation. Under the eastern fence of the chrysanthemum, you can leisurely see the South Mountain. The mountain atmosphere is good day and night, and the birds are returning. There is truth in this, to discern what has been forgotten. --Drinking" No. 5
Unlike many hermits who seek to be far away from the Buddha, Mu Dao, and Mu Ming, who seek to be far away and force their hearts not to be disturbed, Tao Yuanming does the opposite, firmly believing that "the heart is far away from self-deviation", and the Taoist heart that does not conform to the form and communicates with the spirit of heaven and earth alone.
Yes, if you can really see through the successes and failures of life, the honor and disgrace of life and death, you will not care about what you do. As the saying goes, "Good reasoning in the dust, only outsiders." No matter who is in the world, although they fall into the mortal dust, they can transcend things, do their best, resign themselves to fate, and follow the true rate of nature, indulge in the world, and what does it matter where they are?
Only with such a mentality can we appreciate the tranquility and tranquility of "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence", as well as the natural artistic conception of "clouds without heart to come out" contained in "leisurely seeing the South Mountain". So much so that this unique feeling of the mind cannot be exhausted in words. Just as lao tzu said that "the earth has a way but does not speak", people's thoughts have long been illusioned to the birds under the sunset, and the true meaning contained in them is by no means expressed by a tired bird returning to the forest.
At the same time, it is often a scenery that is seen without a heart, and it can make people's hearts and nature merge, so as to achieve the realm of unity of mind and forgetting things and me. When man returns to God and realizes that there is true meaning in it, God has been separated from things, and his intentions have been separated from the situation, and he cannot distinguish them by words.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks</h1>
Do you feel that your life is monotonous and tedious? Have you given up the responsibility and honor of life and indulged in mediocrity? Do you want to rebel against the mediocrity of life? Read Tao Yuanming.
Although Tao Yuanming is reclusive, he can place his heart on wine and indulge in poetry. He said, "And the extremes of today and tomorrow are not what we want", which is by no means to escape the problem in a timely way of happiness, but always examines his own heart and feels the philosophy of the world. He turned loneliness, sorrow, and anger into plainness, ignored the honor and disgrace of life and death, and let nature take its course.
We must end the anxiety in our hearts, first of all, we must find sustenance for our own spirit, rather than relying on alcohol, games, and entertainment to paralyze ourselves; we must change ourselves, first of all, we must learn to accept our own status quo and embrace our imperfections; we must live in the present, first of all, transcend things, and always introspect;
Only in this way can our hearts gain true composure.
END
This article is an original work of Davin's words, and unauthorized reproduction is prohibited!
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