Protect your own homeland, your own hometown - reading Mr. Hong Tiecheng's "Chinese Wupai Architecture • Lanxi Volume" has a feeling
Text/Danqing
There are thousands of love affairs in the world, the blessings of people crossing the same boat with others, and the beautiful encounters between people and books, the way of encounter is different, but the experience of surprise or warmth is similar. I read Mr. Hong Tiecheng's "Chinese Wupai Architecture" series of works, and deeply felt that his "Lanxi Scroll" is an intriguing cultural silhouette of ancient Chinese architecture that mr. Hong Tiecheng has woven with wonderful love, which reflects the author's understanding of traditional Chinese culture and the entanglement of his heart from different aspects. Although all this cannot be seen from the wind and waves, the classic point of the work is that the author, Mr. Hong Tiecheng, uses plain and sincere words to spread out the love affair, so it is full of paper, pencil and ink.
Mr. Li Xiankui, who wrote the preface to this book, is also an old friend of mine for many years, and I remember that I met when I assisted Comrade Liu Yi in founding the Chinese National Architecture Research Association, and Mr. Li Xiankui fully affirmed the achievements made by Mr. Tiecheng in the research of local traditional Wu school architectural culture. He believes that for the study of local architectural culture schools, the most worthy of promotion and encouragement is to have local scholars to conduct in-depth research, because they have lived in a familiar local environment for a long time, have more intimate and profound experience and cognition, and have more understanding and insight into the reasons for their historical and cultural evolution.
I very much agree with this point of view, I read from Mr. Hong Tiecheng's "Chinese Wupai Architecture • Lanxi Volume • Self-Introduction": Lanxi is preserved with many traditional buildings, many types, many innovations, and the remains of different time limits over the past thousand years are complete, which is rare in the country, which completely shocked me! This is Mr. Tiecheng's old age, in the spring and autumn, in the deep contemplation and enlightenment of a true Chinese scholar, in the deep contemplation and enlightenment of Kong Meng lao Zhuang Zhe, he was able to make generalized arguments and collections according to virtue, Yiren, and Youyi, and to study the Tao, and to travel and study in the ancient building complex of Lanxi City, analyzing it in a different way, and using it to quote qu evidence, cite the scriptures, and then make generalized arguments and collections based on truth, history as reason, and metaphors as texts. I am proud and happy to have such an old friend all my life! I dare not call this book a strange book in the history of Chinese architecture, but I feel that it is a thick fragment of memory that a cultural scholar in Chinese architecture dedicates to the world. "Fusheng is willing to go to the old man of shu cong, and he will not hesitate to turn into a midge." For a person who loves books, the happiest thing in life is to be with books day and night. Among the many bookworms who are addicted to books, Mr. Tiecheng and I both have the freedom to wander in the sea of books, and when we harvest the joy of reading, we do not forget to write down the thinking and understanding of reading and sharing with the world. He spends more time than I do in addition to reading and is "tired of running all day and often forgetting his home." Therefore, his "Lanxi Scroll" is considered to be the most representative classic of his entire series.
Although I have been to Lanxi City in Jinhua many times, the feeling is different every time, especially this time, which really makes me fall deeply in love with this land. The customs and customs of all parts of the country have their own characteristics, but Zhejiang, as a major province of culture and art, especially in the ancient Chinese architectural relics, has the integrity of preservation, artistic value, and thickness of academic research, which can be said to be the leading in the country. Both thickness and beauty embody the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. Zhejiang is located in one of the birthplaces of human civilization, 30 degrees north latitude, is the place where human beings live and cherish. Lanxi is also the towering land of the Jinqu Basin, the place where the Venus Wu actresses compete for glory, and the regeneration place where the Wupai architecture is most concentrated. Many existing buildings, whether it is style, overall style, or the scientific nature of the ancestral site selection, the thickness of Chinese feng shui are deeply inscribed, and the Han people have a long history of one-dimensional cultural record. In particular, although some ancestral halls of Wupai architecture are mainly brick, stone and wood, the beauty of the wooden structure of those carved beams and paintings is really unforgettable. It is no wonder that Mr. Tiecheng pointed out in his aesthetic essay on the layout of lanxi traditional architecture: "From the large mansion in the east to the small apartment in the west, it constitutes a brilliant and dazzling cultural axis, which merges from the southeast wujiang southwest to the Qujiang river into the Lanjiang River, which is a naturally drawn north-south herringbone ecological axis." "This cultural axis of horizontal living in the east and west is the health pattern of the most earthly life, and it is also the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancestors of Lanxi." The natural coordinates of this north-south ecological water system are the radiance and brilliance of Lanxi people's ancient and modern prosperity and talents. The ecological interlacing of natural and artificial two axes can be regarded as a Chinese story of the unity of heaven and man and a landmark of the survival of lanxi people. The aesthetic positioning and survival French style that Mr. Tiecheng painted for us and the layout of the Taiji diagram are the eternal well-being of lanxi people. When you set foot on the land of Lanxi, you are greeted by more than nostalgia and memory, Mr. Tiecheng's description of "half of the three-dimensional history of Chinese architecture" is not exaggerated at all, and the Xiuyilan River between the Wushui Qu River is simply a living "Traditional Chinese Architecture Grand View Garden".
View of Changle Village
Mr. Iron City's "Lanxi Scrolls" is divided into two volumes: the upper and lower volumes. The twenty chapters in the first volume are: Mountains and Rivers Humanistic Shape Victory, Overview of the Achievements of the "Three Pus", Architectural Forms of the Old Times, Residential Buildings of Past Dynasties, Sharing of Good Examples of Residential Buildings, Ancestral Hall Architecture of Past Dynasties, Sharing of Good Examples of Ancestral Hall Architecture, Sharing of Ancient Temple Buildings, Sharing of Good Examples of Temple Architecture, Sharing of Other Public Buildings, Sharing of Public Buildings, Historical Environmental Elements, Sharing of Environmental Examples, Sharing of Habitat Examples Zhuge Village, Habitat Examples Changle Village, Habitat Example Zhiyan Village, Habitat Example Yao Village, Comparison of Surrounding Areas, Five Major Existence Characteristics, and Five Conservation Values. The second volume is divided into six chapters: the first chapter, Examples of Human Settlements; Chapter II, Residential Architecture; Chapter 3, Ancestral Hall Architecture; Chapter IV, Temple Architecture; Chapter V, Public Buildings; Chapter VI, Elements of the Historical Environment. These chapters are like beating notes on a stave, and each beat is gripping. There is also a point: the author's classification of more than 2,000 investigation and research objects, first divided into large categories according to type, then divided from large categories, from the middle categories to sub-categories, and then in the sub-categories and sub-categories, divided into extremely scientific and reasonable, fresh and unique, and unique value, can be described as an example of the taxonomy of ancient villages and ancient buildings. Therefore, I say that this is a symphony of national architecture with Chinese characteristics and magnificent momentum, and every chapter in this symphony poetically tells the charm and feelings of yesterday, today, and the future that will never be separated! There are chickens and dogs barking in agricultural civilization, the profundity of Confucian culture, the blood of family relatives, and more poetic pastoral pastoral melody. A Lanjiang River, condensed with wisps of nostalgia, a Zen rest, recorded too many "Zhuge " descendants full of joyful laughter.
Throughout the ages, the land of Lanxi is not only incomparably rich in architectural cultural heritage, but also the literary style still exists today, and the mokesao people in history have written a magnificent chapter, they feel the fragrance and aura of nature in the green mountains and clear waters, bathe in the simple folk customs, purify the soul, and sublimate the ideological realm. Or poetry, or painting, or fill in words, or for the text, with sincere emotions to express the nostalgia for the hazy memory of Jiangnan smoke and rain, leaving a large number of poems, paintings and articles. These immortal masterpieces of art make the land brighter, the mountains and rivers magnificent, and also let people know more about the charm of Wu culture.
When I read this great work by Mr. Iron City, I deeply felt that Mr. Tiecheng was in the narrative of vicissitudes, through writing the life memory of the architectural relics, with its profound human foundation, let us feel the years flowing in the beautiful in peace. I have always felt that the main function of history is to establish an accurate system of knowledge, to provide readers with useful historical lessons, to explore profound historical philosophies, and to guide appropriate social choices. Mr. Iron City's step is very difficult, but it is also very solid. Only research results with a certain degree of objectivity and scientific nature can truly play the social function of history. Therefore, in the study of history, all scholars who study history are required to adhere to the scientific spirit of seeking truth from facts, adhere to the critical spirit of independent thinking, adhere to the construction of philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics, and provide excellent academic achievements for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is not a big deal, seen in the subtle, and the solid foundation of Iron City literature has helped him a lot. I still can't understand, how do people get souls? Knowing that many of the past events in life cannot be taken away by the years, it seems that the more they are washed, the clearer they become, always living in the memory, we guard them before we die, and bring them into eternity after death. It may be that it is the countless past events that have been lovingly caressed to give the soul depth and breadth. Creates a full soul. In such a soul, all the past continues to live: the dew of the past continues to shine, the songs that drift in a dark night continue to reverberate, the once drunken wine continues to aromate, and the world is unique. Living past is the secret of fertility and creativity. Mr. Tiecheng's hometown is the hometown of Wood Carving in Dongyang, Zhejiang, China, so his childhood memories have always condensed too many hometown complexes, as the founder of the Chinese Wupai architectural theory, his living space is naturally tightly embraced with the land under his feet.
We often say that reverence is the source of art. Imagination is the life of artistic creation, but only from the origin, imagination will have the broadest space. Detached from the origin, the imagination will be like a broken kite, with nothing to cling to. Therefore, reverence is not only the origin of art, but also the starting point of imagination and the source of inspiration. Although the creative direction of different works is different, the origin of this origin is the same. Only with this common aesthetic starting point of mankind will the works produce the most extensive aesthetic resonance, whether it is Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Mountain Jutu", Cao Xueqin's "Dream of the Red Chamber", or Beethoven's "Pastoral Symphony" and Grofi's "Grand Canyon Suite".
Mr. Tiecheng's group of ancient Chinese architectural symphonies, because of the integration of multiple beautiful vocal elements, whether you draw out any of the chapters, you can deduce a touching and profound taste and color. Zhu Xi, a scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "The heart of a gentleman is always in awe. "The purpose of artistic creation is inseparable from the knowledge of books and Dali, the pursuit of poetry with words, writing with the Tao, painting the heart, and songs as the voice, in order to achieve the way of the gentleman." In this process, we must "always have reverence", maintain the devotion to truth, goodness and beauty, the reverence for the seriousness of art, and the respect for the audience of art, which is the enlightenment of art, the patron saint of growth, and the only way to become a talent. Therefore, while reading Mr. Tiecheng's "Lanxi Scroll", I must first understand the three rivers of Lanxi in order to understand the relationship between Mr. Tiecheng's emotional entanglement and the remnants of reality.
I remember that although Lanxi has been to Lanxi many times, each time it must be to get off at Jinhua Station, and then take a car to Lanxi, that is, more than 20 kilometers. Since ancient times, this place has a unique geographical location of "the confluence of three rivers" and "seven provinces thoroughfare". Although it is a hilly basin landform in central Zhejiang, the general topographic features are: surrounded by mountains in the northeast, meandering low hills in the southwest, and stretching in the central plain. There are four mountain ranges in the territory: the Longmen Mountains and Jinhua Mountains in the north, the Qianligang Mountains in the northwest, and the Xianxialing Mountains in the south; There are three hills: the northern hills, the southern hills and the western hills; There are two basins: jinqu basin and duntou basin; There is a plain: the Three Rivers Valley Plain. Therefore, Lanxi has been said to have "six mountains, one water and three fields" since ancient times, which can be called "a good place with mountains and water". This land has been rich in orchids in history, and the Lanxi City Chronicle says: "Lanxi is a water, and the shore is more orchid." The creek is named after the orchid, and the county is named after the creek. Ming Zhengde's "Lanxi County Chronicle" contains the verse of "Double Orchid Head": "Hand planting pot orchid incense is full of garden, idle and interesting and profound." Dare to boast of the double calyx bell qiqi, only hate the lone root out of the evening forest. "It is rumored that Emperor Mingwuzong made a special trip to Lanyin Mountain to admire the orchids when he traveled to Jiangnan. There is an average annual frost-free period of 264 days and an average annual relative humidity of about 76%, so it is particularly suitable for the growth of orchids.
The most enviable thing is that the land of Lanxi has long been a land of hidden dragons and crouching tigers in history, and behind the emergence of talents is the Zhong Lingyu xiu and full of spirit of the water and soil. I found from the relevant information consultation that there are 13 Lanxi people who have been selected into the Jinhua Historical and Cultural Celebrity Sculpture Park, they are: Tang Dynasty Prime Minister, Shu Yuanyu, a native of Yantan Village, Fan Jun, a Song dynasty scholar, the founder of Wuxue, and a native of Xiangxi Town, Fan Jun, a backbone of the Zhejiang Eastern School and the Jinhua School at the time of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, one of the "Four Gentlemen of Beishan", Jin Luxiang, a native of Tongshan Houjin Village, a writer of the Yuan Dynasty, one of the "Four Masters of Rulin", a person from Hengxi Town, a painter of the five generations of the late Tang Dynasty, a calligrapher, a poet monk, a person from Youbu Town, fan Zhong, a person from the Southern Song Dynasty, and a native of Lifan Village. Zhao Zhigao, the first assistant of the Ming Wanli Calendar and a native of chengnan corner, Tang Ruyi, a ming dynasty scholar, poet, and a person from chengbei corner, Hu Yinglin, a scholar, poet, and person from chengbei corner, Li Yu, a writer, drama theorist, aesthetician, and a native of Xia Li Village in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Ni Renji, a talented woman in Ni Dacun in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Cao Juren, a famous journalist and writer of the Republic of China and a native of Jiang Fa Village, and Lang Jingshan, a master of Chinese photography and a lang from Youbu, were all from Youbu.
In addition, there are Xu Zhaishan, a servant of the Ministry of Works and a scholar of the Jixian Academy who made the emperor's edict in the Tang Dynasty, Xu Anzhen, a person from the back village, Teng Jue, a villager in the temple who participated in the tang Dynasty's Hubu Shangshu and profound knowledge of hundreds of late arts, Du Rulin, a Du zhai person who was the first person in the study of science in the northern Song Dynasty, And So on.
Landscape of the pond settlement in front of Zhiyan Gate
Lanxi is also a county-level city with relatively concentrated cultural relics in Zhejiang Province, in addition to the provincial historical and cultural city, there are 7 provincial-level historical and cultural towns and villages under it, 20 traditional Chinese villages, including Zhuge Changle Village Residence, Zhiyan Village Complex, Huangdian Yede Hall, Xijiang Citang, Yongchang Shangzu Ancestral Hall, Yongchang JiqingTang, Nübu YuqingTang, Meijiang Tongzhou Bridge and other national key cultural relics protection units 8, into the "Three Pu" immovable cultural relics directory 2631, registration information points 2048. Its number and high level are rare in the country. Among these immovable cultural relics, there are ancient city walls, ancient docks, ancient weir dams, ancient village ruins and ancient neighborhoods and ancient alleys, as well as a large number of ancestral halls, incense halls, residences, former residences of celebrities, official residences, guild halls, industry guilds, money houses, accounting houses, shops (cotton shops, pharmacies, pawn shops, tea houses, tobacco shops, cake shops), stacks, workshops, theaters, drum towers, churches, schools, academies, memorial halls, among which there are also a large number of stone structures, such as stone arch bridges, ancient wells, ancient towers (master towers, orphan children's towers, Wenchang pagodas), stone arches (Jinshifang). , Zhenjiefang, Xiaozifang), Wooden Arch, Covered Bridge, Zhaimen, Temple, Nunnery, Road Pavilion and Ancient Tomb, Ancient Boardwalk. In addition to these, there are public housing for homeless households, rented by merchants, and unheard of hunger canteens. The list goes on. In terms of document protection, this alone preserves more than 4,000 genealogies and more than 30,000 other ancient books with more than 110 surnames.
View of The Zhongchi Settlement of Zhuge Village
Zhuge Village is a settlement of Zhuge Liang's descendants, with 159 well-preserved Ming and Qing Dynasty buildings, and in 1996 it was listed by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units with the whole village as the unit, and is currently an important window for the study of ming and qing dynasty residences in the country. Changle Village has a history of more than 600 years. In 1996, together with Zhuge Bagua Village, it was listed by the State Council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units with the overall village as the unit. Zhiyan Village is a settlement of the Chen clan, which began in the Song Dynasty. At present, there are nearly 100 houses, ancestral halls, inns, grocery stores and other buildings in the Song, Ming, Qing and Republic of China periods, as well as about 20 ancient streets and ancient alleys. In 2006, the whole village was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Lanxi has been praised by chinese ancient architecture scholars as a "typical museum of ancient Chinese residences" and a "living fossil" for the study of architecture in the Ming, Qing and Republic of China.
I went to Lanxi this time to prepare for a research conference on the protection of ancient dwellings jointly convened by the UNESCO Asia-Pacific World Heritage Training and Research Center (Suzhou) and the Lanxi Municipal People's Government in the near future. Accompanied by the leaders of the Municipal Cultural Relics Management Department and Mr. Hong Tiecheng, Wang Yanming, an expert in ancient architecture of Jinhua City, and Zheng Bingshun, an ancient architect scholar in Lanxi City, they inspected the Dudu Village of Nubu Town in Pan'an and Lanxi, which is a state-level traditional Chinese ancient village, and was the birthplace of the Ming Dynasty Nanjing Libu Shangshu, a famous scholar, educator and literary scholar Zhang Mao (Zhang Maoshi called Mr. Fengshan), which is known as "one door and four soldiers, two shangshu of uncles and nephews". In the tenth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1120), the ancestor of the village, Zhang Sanqi, migrated to the village from Chun'an to avoid the fangla rebellion, and it has been nearly 900 years. The village has a population of more than 3,400 people and more than 1,100 households, the vast majority of which are the Zhang family. There are many ancient buildings in Dudu Village, such as Yuqing Hall, Zhang's Family Temple, Fengshan Former Residence, Shangshu Stone Arch, Zhengshidi, etc., and there are more than 100 ancient residences. Among them, Yuqingtang is a national-level cultural relics protection unit, and Zhang's Family Temple is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, which has a high historical research value in the history of ancient architecture in Jiangnan. Dudu Village advocates Confucianism, cultivates and reads heirlooms, and the village's "Zhang Family Training", formerly known as "Taifu Zaijun GongJia Training", is one of the top ten most famous family trainings in China.
Our trolley stopped in front of the Shangshu Stone Arch at the mouth of the village under the moisture of the gentle spring rain, where the village secretary Zhang Yajun and the propaganda committee of Nubu Town were already waiting for us, and the raindrops in the sky seemed to fall from the clouds to the ground, washing the entire ancient village clean. In Jiangnan in March, the flowers first wake up, and the fragrance of mud and spring grass lingers in the heart. The ancient archway has been introduced to have been renovated, but the restoration is very reasonable, and the combination of the original preserved stone components and the new components is natural and magnificent. The biggest feeling that the ancient village gives me is that it is quiet, and it is a little overwhelmed by the quiet! As if the loss of the ancient village is really fresh, the road surface after unified rectification treatment, looks cleaner, fresher, more comfortable than those ordinary villages, the only regret is that the chickens fly dogs jump, livestock and poultry wandering around the village the real picture is gone, our nation is from the agricultural civilization came, all poultry and livestock and ploughing the land of cattle, buffalo are an indispensable part of our lives. This is also the most important part of nostalgia, our ancestors have a life contract with them, no one will feel that they are superfluous, we walk with them through the river of time, from bitterness to sweetness, from yesterday to today. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer young people in the village, and there are more and more elderly people, so clean them up again, and the living human fireworks are getting farther and farther away from the original rural life!
The countryside is the countryside, in addition to the clear stream, the simple display of agricultural civilization, the sound of babbling water blending in a piece of the farmer's own land of various vegetables, plants, coupled with life-rich poultry and livestock to form the most simple, the most passionate picture of life, man and nature, man and ancient traditional architecture, man and all things coexist to constitute the most vivid new rural construction demonstration village is the most successful.
Landscape of the Zhang Clan Ancestral Hall settlement in Dudu Village
Dudu Village is located on the west bank of the Lan river, 2.5 kilometers away from Nubu Town, and the 351 National Highway currently under construction is located on the south side of the village. The village is located in the loess hilly landform, sitting north facing south, Ganxi flows from the north of the village into the Lanjiang River, and the provincial scenic spot Bailu Mountain across the stream. The ancestors of Dudu chose to live here. Dudu Village has always been based on the development theme of "Examining the Hometown of the Gods, Studying dudu". There is no problem in using history at all, the key is that the construction of new rural areas must not deviate from the topic, and more national memories and nostalgia are preserved, and the future development potential of this land is immeasurable. I hope that this ancient village will not learn from others, must follow its own ecological balance requirements to take its own development model, use some of the money that is not much, to plant trees (especially fruit trees, which not only decorate the ancient village, but also provide benefits for the villagers in the future), and then vigorously develop a new rural economy according to the characteristics of their own land, and make their own side of the world, which will naturally attract a golden phoenix. Culture, history, architecture and simplicity, they do not lack anything, if you want to really liven up this village, nostalgia is like a dream, never separate! If every household puts ten pots of twenty pots of orchids and makes a veritable orchid village, rural tourism will not lose to others, closely around the culture to do rural revitalization, is the only way out, others have I do not do, others do not have I have. If the village mouth pond is a circle of weeping willows between the peach blossoms, apricot blossoms, a little rain one or two cows eating grass, you see, the taste immediately changes. Looking back on my life, although I have traveled all over the country, I always feel that only by keeping the beautiful countryside can I remember the humanistic nostalgia. We should understand the local heritage from the perspective of human life, think about how to protect the heritage, and coexist with the heritage. As Mr. Tiecheng said: We are not only protecting ancient buildings, ancient villages and ancient cultures, but also protecting our own homeland and protecting our hometown. This understanding of Mr. Tiecheng makes the protection of ancient buildings and ancient villages more meaningful and valuable. The value of rural heritage comes from the overall rural system, and it is bound to deviate from the perspective of the interests of the original inhabitants to focus on the countryside. The ultimate value of a vernacular heritage is relationships with people. We must not underestimate these problems, local culture is an important part of cultural heritage, the root of culture, the soul of the nation, a rare and non-renewable treasure of the world and a rare resource, and an important cultural resource to promote rural construction, rural tourism and revitalization of new rural areas. The study of the profound local heritage has enlightened modern people: what we inherit should not be a purist historical site, but should contain the memory of traditional innovative skills, a mechanism with a good working order, and the ability to recover in the face of a fickle existence. The special significance of the "Lanxi Scroll" is the six words written by Mr. Tiecheng on the cover of the book: "Examples of Human Settlements". Because these six words, the real standard point is "habitable, arable, easy, poetic, and picturesque", can this be said to be the place where the most avant-garde ideological light of our protection work is displayed? I think the answer should be yes.
Off-topic again, let's go back to the discovery of Mr. Iron City's research! Mr. Iron City's great work, like my previous reading of his "Pan'an Scroll", his works are not only rich in text, beautiful, full of dry goods, but also colorful documentary photos, he shows us too many details from different angles of architecture, and the memorable impression makes you unforgettable. Remembering Lanxi, the most memorable is dudu. I suddenly remembered Xu Zhimo's "Farewell to KangQiao" saying: "In the soft wave of the Kang River, I am willing to make a water weed!" For Dudu, I am willing to be her green dice on the soft mud, willing to be a fish in a small stream, and Snuggle with her for the rest of my life!
(The author is a columnist of the Shuangchuang China Column of China Report Network) Source: China Report