Wen | Wei Xuliang · Anchor | Liu Jingyi
In 1932, the Chinese revolution was in the darkest hour of the sea, due to the Kuomintang's policy of non-resistance, Japan's military offensive in the northeast was extremely rapid, and in only two or three months the three eastern provinces fell almost all, and the Japanese Kwantung Army planned to establish a puppet regime of puppet Manchukuo under the control of the Japanese army. At the same time, the Japanese army continued to create friction and carry out atrocities in Shanghai, and the situation of the Chinese revolution was not optimistic.
In this year, due to the oppression of the Kuomintang's encirclement and suppression and the influence of the "left-leaning" mistakes in the Party, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China faced a grim situation of defeat in armed struggle. It was against this background that Liu Zhidan, a senior general of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and one of the main founders of the Northwest Red Army and the Northwest Revolutionary Base Area, returned to northern Shaanxi after the defeat in the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign and created the Zhaojin Revolutionary Base Area.
"In the first month, it is the New Year, there is a Liu Zhidan in northern Shaanxi; Liu Zhidan is a Qing official, he took the team up Hengshan, bent on communism...", this is a folk song circulating in northern Shaanxi, singing the founder of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi - Liu Zhidan.
He is the "modern rogue" Robin Hood written by the American journalist Edgar Snow, he is the "good leader, good comrade-in-arms, and good friend" in the minds of the older generation of proletarian revolutionary Xi Zhongxun, and he has written a great and legendary life on the historical stage of the Chinese revolution.
Liu Zhidan's handwriting
Liu Zhidan, whose name was Jinggui, zidan and Zhidan, was born in October 1903 in Bao'an (now Zhidan) County, Shaanxi. Liu Zhidan joined the revolution from his youth, joined the Communist Party of China in 1925, and in the autumn of the same year, he entered the Whampoa Military Academy by order of the party. Later, he served as the director of the political department of a certain unit of the Nationalist Army and actively participated in the war against the Beiyang warlords.
After the defeat of the Great Revolution, he traveled to Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi and other places to engage in uprising work. In 1928, he participated in the organization and leadership of the Weihua Uprising. After the September 18 Incident in 1931, he organized and established the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Alliance Army, serving as deputy commander-in-chief and chief of staff. In 1932, he led the establishment of the Zhaojin Revolutionary Base Area.
Liu Zhidan's residence when he was chairman of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission
The establishment of a revolutionary base area is one of the most important achievements of Liu Zhidan's revolutionary career, and it is also his valuable experience of struggle left during the revolutionary period in northern Shaanxi, which is inseparable from his growth experience.
Liu Zhidan has long been educated and educated in traditional Chinese culture, has a very deep affection for ordinary working people, and has witnessed how local powerful forces oppress ordinary people, and has written a complaint letter exposing the ugly crimes of the county governor. When he was admitted to Yulin Middle School, he was admitted because he boldly attacked the decay and darkness of the real society and set up lofty ideals in the Chinese language examination.
Since then, Liu Zhidan has outwitted local criminal and evil forces, participated in the student tide, accumulated experience in struggle step by step in practice, and strengthened his belief in serving the country through revolution, thus laying a solid foundation for the later establishment of revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi.
With his familiarity with the situation of revolutionary struggle in northern Shaanxi and the summing up of the experience of domestic struggle, Liu Zhidan's idea of establishing a revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi has become more and more mature. In the autumn of 1932, Xie Zichang and Liu Zhidan, leaders of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas, met with Xi Zhongxun, who led gansu after the failed mutiny, to formally establish the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base Area centered on Zhaojin, and reorganized the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Group into the Second Regiment of the Twenty-sixth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, realizing the major historical mission of "creating a new Soviet area in Shaanxi-Gansu-Gansu."
The reason why we chose to establish a revolutionary base area in Zhaojin was that Liu Zhidan once said with emotion: "If, like Comrade Mao Zedong, relying on Jinggangshan, we engage in armed division, establish base areas, and gradually develop and expand guerrilla areas, even if a serious situation comes, we will still have a place to stand and room for maneuver." ”
Oil painting with the theme of the revolutionary work in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian base area
History has proved that Liu Zhidan's experience in revolutionary struggle was completely in line with the actual situation at that time. At the same time, with the construction of the Zhaojin revolutionary base area, the Kuomintang's grass-roots political power in northern Shaanxi was gradually destroyed.
The government of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region launched a vigorous agrarian revolutionary movement in the revolutionary base areas, and the vast number of poor people were given land, and at the same time, they also established farmers' markets, enlivened the economic life of the Soviet union, and further consolidated the political power in the base areas.
After that, Liu Zhidan continued his revolutionary struggle in various parts of northern Shaanxi. In the autumn of 1935, under the auspices of the Delegation of the Northern Bureau in the Northwest, a wrong "revolt" occurred in northern Shaanxi, attacking Liu Zhidan for his "consistent rightward leaning" and ordering his arrest, while the base area was also in a serious crisis.
When the CPC Central Committee and the Central Red Army March arrived in northern Shaanxi, they learned of the serious consequences caused by the "purge of rebellion," and immediately ordered "people to be retained under the knife" and "stop arresting people."Liu Zhidan and other imprisoned people were released and allowed to continue the revolutionary struggle.
In April 1936, during the siege of Sanjiao Town, Liu Zhidan personally came to the forward position, commanded the soldiers to charge the enemy, unfortunately shot in the left chest, immediately passed out, and after waking up, he still told his comrades-in-arms intermittently with tenacious perseverance: "Let Song (Ren Poor) Political Commissar ... Command troops... Come on...... Destroy the enemy", said stop breathing, glorious sacrifice, at the age of 33.
All walks of life sent Liu Zhidan's coffin home to the public ceremony
After Liu Zhidan's sacrifice, in order to commemorate him, the CPC Central Committee and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region decided to rename Baoan County to Zhidan County and establish Liu Zhidan Cemetery here.
In 1943, the Party Central Committee and the people of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region held a solemn public funeral ceremony for Liu Zhidan, and Mao Zedong inscribed a monument for him: "Leader of the masses, national hero." Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for him: "Five thousand years up and down, there are thousands of heroes; the hero of the people is Liu Zhidan." ”
Liu Zhidan's life was a life of struggle, a life of revolution, and a brilliant life, and his revolutionary career embodied the lofty integrity and spirit of a true communist. Although he has left us, his firm belief in communism, his unswerving determination to communism, and his revolutionary spirit of daring to struggle and win will always inspire us to forge ahead courageously for the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.