Spirit and flesh, the "awakening" of the spirit stems from the torment of flesh. The torment of flesh comes from two "hungers", food hunger and sexual hunger. Hunger gives rise to desire, and desire gives rise to will (spirit). Food hunger is superficial hunger, and sexual hunger is essential hunger. The excitement aroused by "sexual hunger", that is, the strong will, is the fundamental "crude oil" that activates the life machine and turns on the power of worship.
You see, this world is called "will."
Nietzsche, the controversial "philosophical giant", left many intellectual legacies to posterity, the largest of which is his theory of "will". He praised that everything in the world is a product of the will, and that the birth and development of things, the strong and the weak, the prosperity and desolation, the survival and the demise, are all determined by the will.
The will is the spirit of the universe, and the will is the mother of all things. When the will awakens, so does the universe. When the will is strong, the planet moves, and everything grows. When the will turns to decay, the sun goes out and mankind dies. The great absolute will, the yeast of the will, distributes to mankind, and allows the will to determine the life and death of humanity as a whole and of the individual. This universe cannot be without will, otherwise everything will be in emptiness and dead silence.
The will determines everything, and this theory is also called voluntarism. Such a theory is not an innovation, as German thinkers hold. Hegel (1770-1831) was a famous German philosopher. He defended continental nationalism, created idealistic systems, and proposed valuable dialectical ideas.
He believes that the formation and development of everything in the world is related to the "absolute concept". The essence of the absolute concept is "unfolding", like the folding fan used by the Orientals, everything in the universe was originally a "landscape" hidden in a fan, and when the fan unfolded, the "scenery" was displayed and the universe was displayed. Nietzsche's "willism" bears similarities with Hegel's "conceptualism."
Special mention should be made here of Schopenhauer (1788-1860). He was also a German philosopher, and it was he who officially pioneered voluntarism. If Hegel's conception of absolutes is primarily concerned with the will of the universe, then Schopenhauer speaks not only of the will of the universe, but also of the will to life.
This will to life is specified as the will to survive and the will to reproduce. Man's life is busy with the two things of "food" and "sex", which is the essence of life, and because of the realization of the essence, the individual and the population to which he belongs can exist and continue.
In the face of the will, everyone in the world is so passive and helpless. The vicissitudes of the sea and the mulberry fields, the changes do not live. Landslide tsunami, unexpected. Its human life, ascension and disaster are irreversible, and its prosperity and demise are unpredictable. His life, ups and downs, honors and humiliations are fickle, and life, old age, illness and death are difficult to predict. Supernatural willpower is like an indulgent monster, doing whatever it wants.
At the same time, he was unable to suppress the crazy carnal desires and violent emotions of the fragile little minds of mankind, and eventually succumbed to the inner restlessness of the body organs and became anxious, so he embarked on the path of pessimism.
"Will to Power"
Unlike Hegel's cosmopolitan willism (the concept of absolutes) and Schopenhauer's will to life, Nietzsche proposed the "will to power" theory. He declared that the world "has no causal relationship at all except from will to will." "The world is the will to power — what a man!"
What is power? Max. Weber believed that "power means the power to carry out one's own will in the face of resistance in certain social relations." ”
Whether it is nature or human beings, it changes all the time, and this change arises from the potential force - the natural force of nature and the social force of human beings. Such forces, enormous and blind, threaten and impact. There is a force that can harness these two forces, such as harnessing a fierce horse and a dragon, and taming it, and that is power.
Generally speaking, what people call power refers only to social power. This power determines the trend and direction of history, the order and stability of society, and the acquisition and distribution of benefits.
At the heart of Nietzsche's will is power. He shook his lips in class, he wrote a book at his desk, and he finally said the truth in his heart: The most beautiful thing in the world is power! This is the tough horse whip that can make the horse gallop, this is the strong stick that can force people to submit, this is the golden scepter that makes people worship.
The Will to Power– An Attempt to Reevaluate All Values is an important work into which Nietzsche devoted his efforts during his lifetime to the final draft. After Nietzsche's death, his sister Elizabeth collected the book from a large number of manuscripts left by Nietzsche and published it under the name.
Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, Western Europe outside of Germany, such as England and France, gave rise to the doctrine of free will. It is believed that the beginning of free will is the emergence of human autonomy, the cultivation of a self-reliant personality, and the establishment of a free subject. Once human beings have grown from an "unfree childhood" to a "free adult." Human subjects were established, civil society was established, and love and good deeds were spread.
Nietzsche despised the free will described above and emphasized the will to power. He said that the meaning of life lies in "an intention to express power, or the use of power, that never tires." "It is the courage to summon up the will, to take up the weapon of power, to exploit the outside world, to drive the environment, to enslave the other." What is the use of freedom? In the jungle, you live and die, possessing, devouring, conquering, evil acts "good", everywhere.
The goal of the will to power is to invade, defeat and enslave. The aggressor fights with all his might, biting the throat of the opponent with sharp poisonous fangs, and the violated person is trapped in the beast, ready to give the adversor a deadly counterattack. The violated shall not be free, nor shall the aggressor be free, but shall resort to violence, and all men shall be beasts, and they shall eat each other. As for modern times, the power of tools has expanded, and the degree of brutality is even greater than in ancient times.
Where is there justice, where is there morality, where is there righteousness, where is there good deeds? Evil deeds prevail, and the strong win. Nietzsche celebrates evil deeds, which belong to the strong. The strongest must be the most evil. He obliterates the will of the other, and under the blood-stained sword, he makes the dissidents die on the battlefield. He stepped on the body of the corpse to make his will manifest in the world, like the sunrise. He called on people like Napoleon to appear again and again, and that the world of "superman" would last forever.
"Superman" and "Herd"
In Nietzsche's view, in human society, there is a will to power of different quantities and qualities, and the people with a larger quantity and a higher quality will to power are superior. On the contrary, those who have little will to power and low quality in their spiritual connotations are inferior. Man is divided into three classes: superhuman, mortal and slave, all of which are divided by the quality and quantity of the will to power.
He affirmed that humanity was at the end of its life and should give birth to "superhumans", which were "new humans" who should replace existing humans and live in this world. "Superman" is the product of the development of the human spirit to the limit, and is the successor and executor of the "will to power". They stand above life and look down on earthly beings. They transcend ordinary people, just as human beings originate from monkeys but are higher than monkeys.
"Man is great in that he is a bridge but not an end; man is a rope that is tied between beasts and superhumans." This is the opening sentence of his book "What Zaratura Says". In Nietzsche's eyes, ordinary people are bridges, ladders, ropes, a transition before the birth of Superman, an intermediary between apes and supermen. On most occasions, the general public has a chic name ----- "herds".
Nietzsche believed that a true "man" should do his best to expand and spread his own life. Both his innate instincts and his acquired vocation commanded him to conquer the weak and inferior "herds.". Only in this way can we discover the value of existence and discover the joy of living. "Herd animals" refers to ordinary people, people who are satisfied with the joys of ordinary life, people who are "unambitious", people who dare not take risks and people who are content with mediocrity. They are all sentient beings, with no light in their eyes, empty in their stomachs, unlearned and ignorant, ignorant and ignorant, crawling on this planet like ants like dust.
Chinese prophets do not look at people in this way, but put "people" in the highest position, Wang Yangming said, everyone has the nature of conscience in their hearts, walking on the street, you can see "the streets are full of saints." Nietzsche thought the opposite, walking down the street, perhaps saying viciously, "The cattle of the street." What an absurd "theory"!
"Sexual hunger", the source of power for the machine of life
Both Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, as well as Freud, in their narrative of the will, are digging deep into the material and physical roots of the will. At this moment, the most stubborn idealists are also unsteady, and there is a tilt toward materialism. Human life is originally a dual existence of "spirit" and "flesh", and in the final analysis, the occurrence of spirit stems from the torture of flesh. The torment of meat is multifaceted, and it is mainly due to two "hungers", food hunger and sexual hunger.
Hunger gives rise to desire, and desire arises from desire. Food hunger and sexual hunger, food hunger is produced first, sexual hunger is produced later. Food hunger is low-level hunger, and sexual hunger is high-level hunger. Food hunger is superficial hunger, and sexual hunger is essential hunger. Life aspires to "counterattack", originally "hunger", in the final analysis, it is for "sexual hunger". The excitement aroused by "sexual hunger", that is, the strong will, is the fundamental "crude oil" that activates the life machine and turns on the power of worship.
Nietzsche's theory seems to be in line with Freud's theory, showing that the original motivation of man's behavior is determined by sex. When sexual demands are suppressed, the bitter water of sexual bitterness accumulates in the heart. And once this bitter water erupts, it is immediately transformed into blazing lava, enough to destroy everything.
Nietzsche had a physical need, and his sexual desires were stronger than those of the average person. Because of his desire, lack of heart, and loneliness, he said to his friend in a moment of extreme madness, "Since I have had sexual desire, I have not been extinguished again, and compared with this desire, philosophy can only bow to the wind." ”
Due to the limitations of conditions, Nietzsche was unable to fully realize the sexual needs, resulting in an extreme accumulation of sexual desire, and finally the illusion of "sexual conqueror", that is, superman. Nietzsche was brilliant, and this brilliant talent led to the illusion of eventually forming a complete system of "will to power" and "superman" theory. "Power" is the power to conquer the opposite sex, and "superman" is the transcendence of women. In the interpretation of Theory, Nietzsche completed the extreme release of extreme sexual desire, not limited to the local scope of "sex", but further applied to the dissected definition of society and the human heart, explaining the psychological motives that triggered social changes.
Source: Love Thought Network
Author: Sheng Banghe
Editor: Aero
Typography: Nanshan
Audit: Yongfang
Artist/VI: Little Week
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