Students told me that in the Longhua Martyrs Cemetery in Shanghai, young people from all over the country bring flowers to commemorate the Chen family brothers every day. They also said that Chen Qiaonian's phrase "Let our children and grandchildren enjoy the happiness of our predecessors in exchange for cutting thorns and thorns" has become one of the most popular quotes on the Internet.
It turns out that more than 90 years later, the sacrifice of the brothers can still bring so many people to move. In fact, back in Shanghai from 1927 to 1928, the death of the Chen brothers also touched the young people of that generation, including Zhou Enlai, who had a deep friendship with them.
However, many people have ignored the impact of Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian's departure on the Chen family. The family, at the center of the revolutionary whirlpool, became even more vulnerable by the departure of two outstanding members.
In particular, the murder of the second brother Chen Qiaonian even directly changed the fate of some family members. What's going on? And listen to the author's details. I believe that after reading it, everyone will have a deeper understanding of the Chen family and the brothers and sisters of the Chen family.
Chen QiaoNian stills
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" >: 4 brothers and sisters have deep feelings</h1>
Chen Duxiu has 4 important red faces, and the most children born to him are the original high public. She gave birth to a total of 3 sons and 2 daughters, of which Chen Yannian, Chen Qiaonian, Chen Songnian and the eldest daughter Chen Yuying, a total of 3 sons and 1 daughter.
She and Chen Duxiu belonged to an arranged marriage, and When the two were married, Chen Duxiu had just been admitted to Xiucai. The elders took charge and asked him to marry gao dengke, the deputy general of the Anhui commander-in-chief, to gao dengke.
For this wife, Chen Duxiu also liked it at the beginning, because the other party was a decent and dignified lady. But gradually, there were more and more children, and Chen Duxiu became more and more active in the revolutionary cause, and the two slowly came to the point where water and fire were intolerable.
The two began to argue constantly. Gao Zhongzhong was very dissatisfied with the things that Chen Duxiu had done outside to lose his head. She once scolded Chen Duxiu, who cut off his hair, as a foreign devil, and in order to prevent her husband from going out to engage in revolution, she also hid his study abroad funds. For such a wife, Chen Duxiu really couldn't love it. Soon after, he left home.
Since then, Gao Volkswagen has been living alone with 3 sons and 1 daughter. Without the care of their fathers, the feelings of these 4 children are superb.
The eldest son, Chen Yannian, is the absolute leader of the 4 children, and he is also the one who understands the suffering of his mother the most. He always believed that his mother was a woman who had been failed by her father. Therefore, from the beginning of his understanding, he had a deep complaint about his father. Especially after hearing that his father was out again, living with and marrying his aunt Gao Xiaozhong, his resentment turned into an even greater hatred.
Chen Yannian
The eldest daughter, Chen Yuying, is the only woman among the four children, and she is 2 years younger than Chen Yannian, which means that she has to take on the responsibility of the eldest sister. For the eldest brother Chen Yannian and the two younger brothers, she has always been extremely caring.
The second son, Chen Qiaonian, is 4 years younger than the eldest brother, and he is an absolute follower of the eldest brother. In his eyes, his brother is a bully, and he is the one who can give him direction. During his hard work on the streets of Shanghai, studying in France, and returning to China to engage in revolution, he always walked side by side with his eldest brother.
The third son, Chen Songnian, was the youngest, and he was born in 1910. When he was born, the eldest brother was 12 years old and the second brother was 8 years old. As a child, he often couldn't keep up with his two older brothers.
In his later years, Chen Songnian recalled such an event, which was enough to reflect the brothers' 3 life by their mother's side. In 1913, the children's fourth grandfather, Chen Xifan, died, and they were mourning in front of the coffin with their mother.
Yuan Shikai's cronies heard about this and thought that Chen Duxiu would return, so they sent a group of thugs to the Chen family to arrest people. They searched the Chen family for half a day, but found nothing, so they decided to arrest Chen Duxiu's sons. When 15-year-old Chen Yannian heard that he was going to arrest people, he immediately fled with his brothers over the wall.
Faced with the not-so-tall wall, the second brother Qiao Nian quickly followed, but Song Nian, who was only 3 years old, accidentally fell into the bathtub of the next door neighbor's house. The eldest brother and the second brother were about to go back and pull him, and the thugs came. Fortunately, the neighbor was in a hurry, saying that Song Nian was his child and that he was bathing the child, which saved him. Then, the thugs who could not catch people were extremely corrupt, so they arrested Chen Yongnian, the child of the great uncle's family, and counted them.
This is just a microcosm of the Chen brothers living with their mother in their hometown, and this is a true reflection of the hardships they suffered in their youth. It is also in this kind of family that lacks fatherly love and is in danger at any time, these 4 children know what it means to watch over each other from an early age.
Chen Qiao Nian
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > two: After Chen Qiaonian was killed, his sister died of sadness, and the 18-year-old third brother dealt with the aftermath</h1>
The four brothers and sisters separated in 1915. This year, Chen Duxiu returned to Shanghai to start a new youth, and he took the Yannian and Qiaonian brothers from their hometown in Anhui. After that, the eldest daughter Chen Yuying and brother Chen Songnian who stayed in their hometown had very few opportunities to see them.
It was not until 1927 that Chen Yuying and Chen Songnian received the news that their eldest brother Chen Yannian had been killed in Shanghai. When my grandmother and mother heard the news, they immediately fainted. His father, Chen Duxiu, was nowhere to be seen at this time, in fact, he was in a very dangerous situation at that time. And Yannian himself did not marry a wife. Who should take care of this? Except for Chen Yuying and Chen Songnian, there was no one else.
The two brothers and sisters rushed from their hometown in Anhui to Shanghai. That year, Chen Songnian was only 17 years old, and his sister Chen Yuying was 27 years old. When the two brothers first arrived in Shanghai, they were not familiar with life, and they came to the prison gate to make a request: Return my brother's body.
The authorities did not expect that at this time, there were still people in the Chen family who dared to collect the corpses. Fortunately, the two brothers did not join the party at that time, so the authorities had no reason to arrest people. But they refused to let the brothers and sisters take away the corpses, or even let them look at their brothers, and it was useless for them to plead
Then, the people on the streets of Shanghai saw such a scene: at the place where Chen Yannian was sacrificed, two young people burned some incense and some paper money, respectfully paid tribute, and then hugged their heads and cried. They were Chen Yuying and Chen Songnian, who had never seen the body of their brother.
Chen Yannian stills
After this incident, the Chen family was obviously more worried about the situation of the second son, Chen Qiao Nian. His mother, Gao Zhong, and his grandmother, who had loved him so much since childhood, had persuaded him. However, the death of the eldest brother made him hate the reactionaries even more, and he could not give up.
In February 1928, Chen Qiaonian was arrested. On 6 June, enemies who could not get any information from him took a stab at him. In the TV series "The Age of Awakening", the situation when Chen Qiaonian was sacrificed was restored. One of the details is very real, as he walked through the heavy handcuffs, the ground was stained with blood. Yes, during nearly 4 months of imprisonment, he was subjected to inhuman torture.
This bad news soon spread back to his hometown in Anhui. For her mother, Gao Zhong, the pain of losing her second son was not something she could bear, and since then she has been ill and died two years later. And Chen Qiaonian's aftermath is still handled by Chen Yuying and Chen Songnian.
This time in Shanghai, Chen Songnian still remembers it very clearly in his later years, although he was only 18 years old at that time. He remembered that shortly after arriving in Shanghai, his sister Chen Yuying fell ill.
On that day, the authorities also refused to hand over Chen Qiaonian's body. When the two sisters and brothers came to his righteous place, Chen Yuying learned that her brother had suffered a lot before he died, and was greatly stimulated for a while. The pain of losing two brothers in a row broke out at once. Since then, she has been insane and sick.
After Chen Songnian did a good job of the aftermath of the new year, he tried his best to send his sister to the hospital. Because he did not have enough money, he had to ask his father's old friend in Shanghai for some money. Unfortunately, although the doctor tried his best to save Chen Yuying's life, she soon followed her second brother Qiao Nian. At this point, Gao Zhongzhong raised 3 sons and 1 daughter for Chen Duxiu, leaving only the youngest son Chen Songnian.
Chen QiaoNian's death had a huge impact on the Chen family. My sister and mother died one after another due to excessive grief, and the entire Chen family was like a bird of fright.
As a father, Chen Duxiu's reaction after Chen Qiao Nian was killed is little known. It wasn't until many years later that his old friend Pu Qingquan remembered that there was actually one thing that could prove his grief. It was 1936, and his son Joe had already died 8 years later:
This year, Chen Duxiu was arrested for the fourth time for revolution. Soon, he heard that the "Xi'an Incident" had broken out. Hearing this news, he asked his friend in prison to drink a little wine and specially made some food. Before eating vegetables, he offered two glasses of wine: one for all his colleagues who had sacrificed; The second cup, for two sons. He poured a second cup of wine, offered it to the ground, and the old man burst into tears, and whimpered, "For the Father, make this cup for you two!" After all, Chen Duxiu was still proud of these two sons.
Chen Duxiu
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > three: Chen Qiaonian's only daughter was finally found</h1>
After Chen Qiao Nian was killed, the third brother Chen Songnian shouldered the burden of taking care of his hometown in Anhui. In chen duxiu's later years, he has always been accompanied by Chen Songnian. In a sense, Chen Songnian gave him great comfort in his hardships.
At the same time, the fate of another person was also changed by Chen Qiao Nian's death. She is Chen Changhong (chen hong), Chen Qiaonian's only daughter.
The eldest brother, Chen Yannian, has no heirs in this vein. For as early as the beginning of joining the revolution, he had already made up his mind not to consider personal problems for the time being.
When Chen Qiaonian was in Shanghai, he met Shi Jingyi, a progressive young woman, and the two soon got married. After Qiao Nian was arrested, Shi Jingyi rescued her in many ways, but to no avail. At that time, she actually had the flesh and bones of Qiao Nian. Soon after her husband's death, she gave birth to a widowed woman.
At that time, Shanghai was in the period of the White Terror, and Shi Jingyi's situation was also extremely dangerous. In order to save this child, the organization and Shi Jingyi discussed sending it to an ordinary person's home to raise. After that, Shi Jingyi was also sent to the Soviet Union to study.
At first, Chen Changhong was sent to a family surnamed Miao to raise him. The Miao family, who were also from Anhui and had been working as domestic servants in Shanghai, had their own daughter died not long ago, and the comrades thought that raising Chen Changhong would not arouse suspicion. At that time, the organization gave the couple two pieces of ocean and asked them to take Chen Changhong back to their hometown in Anhui. Both of them were also kind people, and they readily agreed.
After that, the Miao couple raised her as their own daughter. Unfortunately, 4 months later, the couple had a pendulum, which was a fatal disease at the time. In desperation, they had to entrust Miao Yu to a family surnamed Chen.
At this point, because the Shanghai party organization has been repeatedly destroyed, coupled with the child's name change and re-entrustment of others, comrades have gradually lost her news, and many comrades believe that this child is likely to survive.
In 1936, when Shi Jingyi returned from the Soviet Union, although she had remarried someone else, she still could not let go of this daughter. Unfortunately, at that time, the soldiers were in chaos, and she searched for a long time and found nothing, which also became the regret of her life. In 1969, before Shi Jingyi died, she entrusted her brother-in-law Yang Qianru's family to find it for herself.
Since then, the Yang family has paid great efforts to find this daughter. It was not until 1994 that Miao Yu, who was 66 years old, was found in Fuzhou. To the delight of the world, like her father, she also embarked on the road of revolution early and became an outstanding female soldier in the New Fourth Army. Perhaps, this is providence in the underworld.
Knowing that her biological father was Chen QiaoNian, Miao Lao was deeply surprised, and she also told reporters about her experience for most of her life.
After being sent to the Chen family by the Miao family's father, her childhood was very bitter. This is not to say that anyone treated her badly, but that it was common for poor girls at that time. She herded cattle and chopped firewood for the landlord's family, lived in the landlord's cattle shed when she was tired, and went to the river to catch fish and exchange some rice when she was hungry. After suffering a lot, she also learned to be strong early.
In 1944, the New Fourth Army came to her village in Anhui, and Miao Yu's life was changed. At that time, a female cadre of the New Fourth Army lived in their village, and seeing that this little girl was pitiful, he took her into the army and worked as a washer in a laundry class.
Soon, because of his good performance, Miao Yu was transferred to the Huaye 10th Corps and went south to participate in the campaign to liberate Fujian. Since then, Miao Yu has made a home in Fuzhou. After the founding of New China, Miao Yu has been working in the public security department of Fuzhou City. She gave birth to a total of 5 sons and 1 daughter, and each child became a talent. After leaving retirement, Miao Yu lived a life of children and grandchildren around her knees, and she was very satisfied with her life.
Miao Yu
After learning his true identity, Miao Yu contacted the children of the third uncle Chen Songnian. Chen Songnian died in 1990, and her daughter Chen Changpu told Miao Yu that her uncle had been looking for her before she died.
When Chen Duxiu's tomb was rebuilt, Miao Yu returned to the Chen family in Anhui province as Chen Qiao Nian's daughter. There, she was warmly received by the descendants of the Chen family, and Chen Changpu stayed with her for several months. Then, she returned to the children of Fujian to raise her children.
93 years ago, when Chen Qiaonian said the phrase "Let our children and grandchildren enjoy the happiness of our predecessors in exchange for thorns and thorns", he was so persistent. Today, a mighty China stands tall in the midst of the world, and his daughter has finally lived a stable life. Perhaps, this was the greatest comfort for him.