Cover news reporter Zhang Jie
100 years ago, a boy named Guo Dingsheng was born into a family surnamed Guo in Kaifenghui County, Henan Province, China. After the early death of his birth mother, he was abused by his stepmother, and his academic career was repeatedly interrupted. Later, he was defeated by the family road and his father died. He experienced national disasters, civil wars, and finally left his hometown, but he was imprisoned for decades because of his justice. Successive disasters did not crush him, although he experienced vicissitudes and was full of wounds, he still had a pure heart, used writing to find a way out in hardships and hardships, and used the courage to tell the truth to awaken the people in reform. He is the famous contemporary writer Bai Yang. Since the 1950s, he has been writing novels under the name of Guo Yidong, which is the beginning of his writing career. In the 1960s, he wrote essays under the pseudonym Bai Yang. It is well known to the public for its sharp and profound essay collection "The Ugly Chinese". There is such a saying, "There are Chinese people, and there are works by Bai Yang. ”
"Bai Yang Vernacular Edition zizhi Tongjian" is a historical masterpiece written by Bai Yang with ten years of achievements. "Bai Yang Yue: Zizhi Tongjian Revelation" is Bai Yang himself selected 862 "Bai Yang Yue" comments from the "Bai Yang Vernacular Edition of Zizhi Tongjian" and spent five years compiling them. For each article of "Bai Yang Yue", Bai Yang first refined the typical historical facts in the "Zizhi Tongjian", and then attached historical commentary, one matter after another, small details and major events are clear at a glance, and it is easy to understand, vivid and fluent to read. He started from history to understand the source of suffering Chinese the feudal era; he took the ancient as a mirror and expressed his understanding and feelings as a modern person. "Bai Yang Yue: Zizhi Tongjian Revelation" organically combines the most wonderful stories and most wonderful characters of "Zizhi Tongjian" with the most wonderful historical theory of Bai Yang, so it can also be called the "essence version" of "Bai Yang Vernacular Version of Zizhi Tongjian". 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of Mr. Bai Yang's birth. At the end of the year, "Bai Yang Yue: Zizhi Tongjian Revelation" was published by oriental publishing house.
"Returning is still a teenager"
In 1967, Bai Yang was sentenced to 12 years in prison. During his deep imprisonment, expelling the loneliness and despair in his heart, he began to read history a lot. As Mrs. Zhang Xianghua, Mrs. Bai Yang,000, said: "After being imprisoned, Bai Yang did not applaud and applaud, and the pursuit of life was different, forcing him to have time and space to reflect." It was in such a difficult and difficult environment that Bai Yang completed three works: "Chronology of Chinese History", "Genealogy of Chinese Emperors, Empresses, Princes, Princesses and Princesses", and "Outline of the History of Chinese", and laid the foundation for his concept of human history: "Do not sing praises for kings, only speak for Cangsheng". In particular, "Outline of the History of Chinese", since its publication in 1979, has been widely praised by the public for more than 40 years, which has become another inflection point for Bai Yang to step out of his life. Bai Yang, who ended his 9-year and 26-day prison career, had the idea of translating and writing the Zizhi Tongjian for a wide range of readers.
So from 1983 to 1993, in the ten years, Bai Yang read at least 40,000 words of original texts (including punctuation and annotations) every month, wrote a first draft of about 75,000 words, handed over a proofreading draft of about 150,000 words, and the necessary maps and appendices. Ten years later, Bai Yang's vernacular edition of "Zizhi Tongjian" was finally published. In addition to the full vernacular translation, Bai Yang also comes with about 600,000 words of "Bai Yang Yue". "Bai Yang Yue" is Bai Yang's evaluation of important historical figures and typical historical events in the Zizhi Tongjian, and it is also an alternative understanding of history by modern people. The advent of the vernacular version of "Zizhi Tongjian" has achieved the reputation of Bai Yang's "humanistic master", and historian Tang Degang praised: "The Baiyang Vernacular Version of Zizhi Tongjian is Bai Yang's tablet in the history of cultural transformation! On this basis, Mr. Bai Yang spent 5 years refining 862 typical historical events in the "Zizhi Tongjian", with the historical commentary of "Bai Yang Yue", and compiled into a book "Bai Yang Yue: Zizhi Tongjian Revelation".
"Bai Yang Yue: Zizhi Tongjian Revelation" is divided into three volumes, which is the essence of Bai Yang's historical views, and he expresses the views of modern democracy, rule of law and human rights through comments through "Bai Yang Yue" and historical dialogue.
Write history as a writer
Although he has not received systematic historical training, Bai Yang is rigorous and serious about history. When translating the Zizhi Tongjian, read a large number of historical books and consult a large number of historical materials to ensure the rigor and accuracy of the historical materials. But precisely because Bai Yang is not from a history class, coupled with his many years of experience in essays on "criticizing the inferiority of the Chinese people", his comments on key historical figures and events are sharp and spicy. Therefore, his "Bai Yang Yue" is easy and witty, but he does not lose the "Bai Yang style" sharpness. Even Mr. Jin Yong once praised: "Mr. Bai Yang's in-depth study of Chinese history and his flogging of various ills in Chinese society have long been admired by me." ”
In "Bai Yang Yue: The Revelation of Zizhi Tongjian", Bai Yang not only criticizes the traditional historical views of traditional historians such as Sima Guang, Wang Fuzhi and others, but also expresses his hatred for the powerful and powerful gentry and his compassion for the Chinese people through comments on key historical figures and events. For example, his criticism of traditional historians is bitter and severe: Wang Fuzhi is just a traditional corrupt Confucian, short-sighted, and stubborn. He believed that Sima Guang was a paranoid "supernatural maniac" who opposed all reforms and cared only about the interests of the landlords. He showed no mercy for the satire of traditional emperors: "Liu Che was an out-and-out tyrant. "Wu Cao was the first strong woman to achieve unprecedented success in Chinese history, and she was also a terrible freak." In the face of the continuous wars and chaos in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, the people experienced wave after wave of disasters, and Bai Yang, who had a pure heart, could not help but sigh repeatedly: "Chinese, your name is suffering!" In the face of the small Chinese people who are accustomed to going against the grain and will only nest, Bai Yang, who loves deeply and is responsible, shouts loudly many times: "Chinese people must wake up!" ”
In addition to the rigorous management of history, Bai Yang also holds a "skeptical" attitude toward history, and will boldly question doubtful historical events. For example, many people believe that Zhuge Liang invented the "Wooden Cow Flowing Horse", and even baidu encyclopedia's introduction is "Wooden Cow Flowing Horse is Zhuge Liang's means of transportation for providing grain for the Shu Han army." However, Bai Yang explicitly disputed this historical record in "Bai Yang Yue: The Revelation of Zizhi Tongjian": wooden cattle and horses are not normal. And this is explained. However, because there is no more historical evidence, Bai Yang only raised objections and left it to later experts to examine.
Written for the people to see the "Bai Yang Yue"
The content of the "Zizhi Tongjian" is so numerous and the system is so complex that many people are discouraged and miss the classics. Therefore, when Bai Yang translated the Zizhi Tongjian, in order to make it more convenient for readers to read, he made three major innovations: abandoning the era number and using the Common Era era. Bai Yang did not take the rise and fall of the dynasty as a chapter, but used the Common Era era, put the name of the country and the era number in a secondary position, broke the traditional view of historiography, and could put Chinese history in the world pattern for horizontal comparison. Cut out the complicated and simplify, and call the emperor by his first name. Bai Yang, who adhered to the "view of human history", directly called the once-honored emperor by his name, and pulled the emperor who was high above the altar. For example, he directly called "Liu Che" instead of Emperor Wu of Han. He also translated ancient official names directly into modern positions, such as Prince Washima (the librarian of the Tai Womb) and Zhongshu Ling (Legislator of the Legislative Yuan).
If the traditional "Chenguang Yue" is written for the emperor to see, "Bai Yang Yue" is for the general public. This is also the biggest embodiment of Bai Yang's "view of human history". As a result, "Bai Yang Yue: Zizhi Tongjian Revelation" is no longer just a textbook for the emperor to read, but has become a real "revelation on earth". Bai Yang said in the preface: "I don't think my comments can summarize the overall situation, sima guang and Wang Fuzhi's history of governance, have their historical significance and status, but I am glad that I was born in this era, so that I can observe the truth of the facts from a broader perspective and more information." ”
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