Xia Shi (1888 – October 6, 1950), a character Lianggong, crossed to Japan in 1904 and was admitted to the Dongbin Military Academy, specializing in military affairs. In August 1905, he joined the Chinese League founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Japan. After completing his studies, he returned to China, returned to Sichuan to join the New Army, became an infantry platoon leader of the New Army, and was stationed in the provincial capital of Chengdu.
<h3>Late Qing Dynasty</h3>
When Xia was in charge of the vice governor of Sichuan
There are four brothers in the Xia family, the second oldest in the summer, commonly known as the second brother of Xia, and the jianghu people call it the second brother of Xia. In the twenty-eighth year of Qing Guangxu (1902), he entered the Zigong Private Shuren Second Class School. In the 30th year of the Qing Dynasty (1904), he crossed to Japan and entered the Infantry Department of Dongbin School to study military affairs. In August 1905, under the introduction of a friend, Xia Shi joined the Chinese League founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Japan. At the beginning of the 34th year of the Qing Dynasty (1908), he returned to Sichuan and engaged in military surveying and mapping in Sichuan and Tibet. Later, he served as the infantry platoon commander of the 17th town of the New Army.
Since the Sino-French War, the gateway to southwest China has been opened by the great powers, and the right to build railways has become the fat meat coveted by the West for a time. Britain and France and other countries have sent engineers and technicians to Yunnan and Sichuan to explore railway lines, and the Construction of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, which was contracted by France, began in 1904. In 1904, the governor of Sichuan, Xi Liang, formed the Sichuan-Han Railway Corporation, and the people of Sichuan, young and old, except for the extremely poor, became shareholders. In 1907, the Sichuan-Han Railway was changed from a self-run to a commercial railway, and the company's articles of association stipulated that foreign capital could not be absorbed, but the great powers joined forces to put pressure on the Qing court. In 1909, Britain, France, and Germany forced Zhang Zhidong to sign a draft contract for the sichuan-Han and Cantonese-Han railway loans, and the United States immediately proposed that "interests be equally shared", and Japan also took advantage of the fire to rob and rob the railway interests of southwest China. In May 1909, the Qing court issued an edict announcing that the Sichuan-Han and Cantonese-Han railways had been nationalized, and a loan contract of 6 million pounds had been signed with the British, American, German and French banking groups. This undoubtedly made the equity accumulated by the people of Sichuan over the years into nothing; the imperial court forcibly nationalized the railway, which aroused the resolute opposition of the shareholders' representatives of Chuanlu. On June 17, 1909, the Baolu Comrades Association was formally established in Sichuan, and the constitutionalists Pu Dianjun and Luo Lun were elected as the president and vice president. Subsequently, all walks of life in various industries throughout Sichuan have also set up comrades' associations to protect the road. The original policy of the comrades' association was to "fight for the road in peace," but the Qing court responded with "strength to suppress." Under these circumstances, the revolutionaries contacted the leaders of the various local robes to hold a "gathering hall assembly" in Luoquan on August 4, 1909, and decided to organize the Comrade Baolu Army to launch an armed counterattack. In the provincial capital, on August 27, 1909, the city strike and class strike began, and the action quickly spread to the whole of Sichuan. However, instead of reflecting, the Qing court intensified its efforts, on the one hand, it ordered Zhao Erfeng to effectively suppress it, and on the other hand, it also made Duan Fang urgently lead two elite E's troops into Sichuan. On September 7, 1909, the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, commonly known as the Ghost Festival, Zhao Erfeng designed to trap Pu, Luo and other nine road protection leaders, and the citizens rushed to the Governor's Court yamen to petition, but they were shot by the guards, killing 32 people on the spot and injuring countless people. The revolutionaries Cao Du and Zhu Guochen used "water telegrams" to quickly report to various localities, and a few days later, various comrades began to besiege the provincial capital. Zhao Erfeng was suddenly trapped in a situation of internal and external difficulties. The news of the success of the Wuchang Uprising launched by the Hubei New Army reached Sichuan, which greatly encouraged the will of the revolutionaries and made them speed up the pace of the uprising. The gunshots of the Longquanyi uprising began at this critical moment. The time of summer is the true soul of the Longquanyi rebel army.
In the third year of Xuanun (1911), the Sichuan Baolu Movement arose. In early October 1911, in order to put out the increasingly fierce road protection movement, Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan, formed the East Road Garrison Headquarters and dispatched troops to garrison Longquanyi, and on October 22 (the first day of September), he led a team of infantry to garrison Longquanyi in Chengdu with the commander of the East Road Garrison.
On the night of November 5, 1911, 3 platoons of infantry and 1 platoon of engineers, cavalry and heavy soldiers stationed in Longquanyi were instigated to revolt with a total of more than 230 people. The rebel soldiers killed Wei Chupan, the commander of the Qing army's garrison on the East Road, and wounded the instructor Lin Shaoquan, who led his troops to the east that night.
When the news of the Longquanyi mutiny reached the provincial capital, Zhao Erfeng urgently ordered Zhu Qinglan, the commander of the Seventeen Towns, to send troops to suppress it. So Zhu Qinglan sent Guan Longguang to lead a battalion of new troops to quickly drive towards Longquan...
Xia Shi originally planned to lead the revolutionary army to the artesian well in southern Sichuan to assist Cao Du in attacking the Salt Patrol Army and establishing a revolutionary regime in southern Sichuan, but unexpectedly, a battalion of the vanguard of the E's army led by Duan Fang had arrived in Zizhou and blocked the way south. Under the severe situation of blocking the front and chasing after the rear, Xia Shi decided to wave his eastern finger and divert to northern Sichuan, because the revolutionaries there, Zeng Shengzhai, were instigating the independence of northern Sichuan. The revolutionary army came to a place called The Release Shop, about 30 miles from the county seat of Lezhi, intercepted a copy of the military mail, and learned that there was a mixed detachment of more than 330 people in the county seat of Lezhi. Xia Shi led the cavalry to take the lead, posing as reinforcements sent from the provincial capital to open the city gate. The revolutionary army occupied the county town without a single shot, and all the garrisons in the city were reorganized, and the ranks immediately grew to nearly one standard of men and horses, and the five branches of infantry, horses, artillery, horses, and reinforcements were complete.
In order to enhance the revolutionary understanding of the soldiers, Xia Shi gathered the whole army to make an ideological mobilization and enthusiastically preached Sun Yat-sen's ideals of national and democratic revolution. The soldiers understood the purpose of the uprising and expressed their willingness to follow the revolution. So, Xia Shi continued to advance with this temporary force. At this time, the pursuing soldiers behind them were approaching step by step, and the Suining area was heavily guarded by patrol troops, and the road to the north had been blocked. Xia Shi decided to lead his troops to Detour to Anyue County and detour north.
When the troops marched to a small school outside Anyue County to rest, a young teacher named Wang Cheng learned that it was a revolutionary army and excitedly reported the situation in the city to Xia Shi. It turned out that there was no garrison in Anyue County, and Wang Menglan, a member of the old alliance, had been running for the revolution for many years, and now he wanted to lead the gentlemen of the whole city anyway, but he was helplessly opposed by the county master, and the two sides were deadlocked.
The arrival of the revolutionary army broke the stalemate in the city. The county prince wrapped his seal and fled, and Wang Menglan opened the city gate to welcome Xia Shi into the city. The revolutionary army was rested in Anyue County. With the help of Wang Menglan, the troops were reorganized, Lin Shaoquan was removed from his post as commander-in-chief, and Xia Shi was formally elected as the commander-in-chief; the soldiers cut their braids and received military salaries; coupled with xia shi and Wang Menglan's speeches and education, the morale of the troops was unprecedentedly high. At this time, the pursuing soldier pipe with Long Guang sent another person to send a letter, suggesting that the danger at the time of summer had passed, and it was safe to plan. It turned out that this Long Guang was also a member of the secret alliance in the army.
Wang Menglan suggested that Xia Shi continue east to Chongqing, where the revolutionaries were ready for an uprising and had rebelled against the patrol battalion and waterway patrol. As soon as the troops arrived in the summer, Chongqing could immediately correct it. Xia Shi adopted this suggestion, so Wang Menglan wrote a letter and sent Wang Cheng to Chongqing quickly. Zhang Peijue, Yang Shukan, and other leaders of the Chongqing League association were overjoyed when they received the letter. It was immediately decided to merge with the Xia Shibu. Three days later, the soldiers arrived in Tongnan and took a boat down to the Yellow Oak Tree in the north of the river. When the Xia army arrived, the Chongqing revolutionaries had an armed support and their spirits were invigorated. On November 21, 1911, Zhu Zhihong was sent to discuss independence with Xia. So the Xia army entered Futu Pass at the same time.
On the morning of November 22, 1911, he led his division to carry the banners of "Republic of China", "Fu Han Annihilation" and "Baojiao and Anmin" and entered the city in a whole team. When Xia Shi led more than a thousand neatly groomed revolutionary troops into the city, the whole city had already hung up a white flag; and the brave revolutionaries also led the daredevils, pinned bombs, and walked majestically toward the heavenly temple. At this time, the Qing court officials Zhu Youji of Chuandong Province, the chongqing prefect Niu Chuanshan, and the Ba County Zhixian Duan Rongjia were already frightened and unincorporated. On the same day, Chongqing declared its independence. The revolutionary party announced the establishment of the Shu military government, promoted Zhang Peijue as the governor, and Xia Shi as the deputy governor, electrified the whole country, and declared the independence of Chongqing.
Chongqing's independence had a huge impact on the whole of Sichuan. On November 27, 1911, the E-army stationed in Zizhou hunted down and killed the two Duanfang brothers. Northern Sichuan and southern Sichuan became independent successively. Zhao Erfeng, who was in the provincial capital, saw that the general situation had gone, and after proposing a series of harsh conditions, ostensibly handed over power to Pu Dianjun, but secretly directed a mutiny.
After the establishment of the Shu military government, the formation of seven infantry standards and an artillery battalion, in December 1911, the Shu military government sent Xia Shi to lead a division to attack Zhao Erfeng, and later learned that Zhao Erfeng had been reprimanded in Chengdu on December 22, 1911, but to stop the western expedition.
Before going west, the Shu army was reorganized into three-way detachments, and after Receiving the appointment of Lin Shaoquan, the commander-in-chief of the Shu Army, who was concurrently serving as the commander of the North Road detachment, he thought that the commander of the detachment was low, and that he was dismissed from his position as commander, that is, he was plotting rebellion. The Shu military government convened an extraordinary meeting of the party members and the heads of various ministries and officers. Wu Yuzhang, a suitable party member, went from Neijiang to Chongqing, and wu Yuzhang was elected as the chairman of the interim meeting. At the meeting, Xia Shi spoke: In the Chinese and foreign military systems, the detachment leader is the leader of the division, the name is not inferior, and the appointment letter does not cancel his commander's position, still wears the commander Guan Defense, is the name of the commander and the commander of the division plus the detachment, the power is not heavy, the appointment is not special. Lin Shaoquan usually stumbled, but now he is even more arrogant, outside the tree of henchmen, plotting to seize power, has been investigated several pieces of evidence. Lin Shaoquan knew that he had been exposed and accepted his guilt, and Wu announced that he should be executed according to military law. At that time, after Lin Zilongquanyi, Zanxiang had a slight labor in military affairs. According to the governor's pardon order, Lin was escorted to his native Hubei. After that, he also served as the commander-in-chief of the Shu Army. The day after Lin's case was handled, Peng Boyuan and Zhou Shaohong, who had colluded with Lin Shaoquan in rebellion, were arrested and sentenced to death. Soon, it was rumored that the Qing government had sent heavy troops to attack Tongguan, and Dian and Qiantong elected him as the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expeditionary Army.
On December 31, 1911, he and Zhang Peijue interrogated Tian Zhengkui, the executioner of the "Chengdu Blood Case" and the general office of the Camp Office of the Qing Governor's Office, declared him guilty, and beheaded him for public display.
<h3>Republic of China period</h3>
On March 12, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the military governments of Chengdu and Chongqing merged. He served as the governor of Chongqing Zhenfu. On May 7, he resigned and went to Japan again to study and study in the military. The Sichuan military government approved his resignation and gave him 30,000 yuan in silver for the tuition fee to reward him. In the summer of the same year, he secretly engaged in activities against Yuan Shikai in Shanghai. On February 7, he participated in the Uprising of the Shanghai Revolutionaries against Yuan. After the failure of the "Second Revolution", he fled to Japan. On March 7, he joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Tokyo.
In June of the 5th year of the Republic of China (1916), Yuan Shikai died and he returned to Sichuan. In the 6th year of the Republic of China, the Protector of the Law was promoted by Tang Jiyao as the commander of the Sichuan Jingguo Recruitment Army and the envoy of Chuandong Xuanfu. December. He led two battalions of the Guizhou guerrilla army to capture the Qiu Yuhua Echelon Regiment of the First Division of the Sichuan Army stationed in Hejiang and stationed them in Hejiang. At the beginning of the 8th year of the Republic of China (1919), he led the ministry to Chengdu Damian Shop and handed over Xiong Kewu to collect it. In the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), seeing the warlords' unjust war, strife and discouragement, he was disarmed and returned to the field, and founded Jinjiang Public School in Chengdu, serving as the chairman of the board.
On March 4, 1915, the 4th year of the Republic of China, Zhang Peijue was killed by Yuan Shikai, who "devoted himself to the friendship of life and death in hardships" and took care of the martyrs' families in many ways, and later married Zhang Peijue's third daughter, Zhang Yingshu, as his eldest daughter-in-law. In the 28th year of the Republic of China, he published the "Five Testaments of Zhang Lie" at his own expense to commemorate it. After the failure of the Sichuan Protector, he withdrew from the military and political circles, lived in seclusion in Chengdu to run a school, and went to Shanghai for medical treatment in 1928. In 1938, in order to escape the Japanese army, he returned to Hejiang, Sichuan, to study Buddhism and cultural relics and antiques, and served as a standing committee member of the Hejiang County Buddhist Branch, a director of the Buddhist College of Fawang Temple, and the chairman of the Hejiang County Bank.
<h3>New China period</h3>
After the liberation of Hejiang in 1949, Xia Shi left Chengdu to return to his hometown of Hejiang to live, serving as a member of the Hejiang County Public Security Committee. In 1950, the bandits rioted, and on the orders of the deputy county magistrate of the people's government, he wrote a letter to mobilize the bandit leader Xia Xikui to surrender. However, Xia Shi was subsequently arrested during the zhen rebellion, and on October 6, 1950, he was shot and killed in Chengguan Town, Hejiang County, at the age of 63, on the charge of "organizing and planning a bandit riot".
In November 1987, the Hejiang County People's Court in Sichuan Province was instructed by its superiors to conduct a serious review of Xia Shishi's case, found Xia Shi innocent, and then signed a judgment to rehabilitate Zhaoxue and announce the restoration of his honor as a Revolutionary in Xinhai.
On April 21, 2010, with the consent of the United Front Work Department of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, the tomb of Xia Shi was moved from Hejiang County to the Mopanshan Cemetery in Chengdu.
This article is edited by toutiao wikipedia user 1480637365244 participated in the editing.
![Without going through suffering, you never know how tenacious humans are[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)