<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > life experience</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > boyhood</h1>
Born on December 13, 1797 in Düsseldorf, Germany, to a Jewish merchant family. Childhood and adolescence experienced the Napoleonic Wars. From 1819 to 1824, he studied law and philosophy at the Universities of Bonn, Göttingen, and Berlin.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="47" > learning experience</h1>
From 1819 to 1823, Heyne studied law and philosophy at the University of Bonn and then the University of Berlin, where he listened to lectures by the Romantic writer Auguste Wilhelm and the idealist philosopher Hegel. Heine began literary creation as early as the age of 20, and his early poems: "The Troubles of Youth", "Lyrical Interludes", "Homecoming Collection", "Beihai Collection" and other group poems, mostly based on personal encounters and love troubles, reflecting the suppression of individuality under feudal despotism and the distress of not finding a way out. In the winter semester of 1820 he came to the University of Göttingen, where he joined a student organization. However, only in January 1821 he was forced to leave the school and the organization. Also in Göttingen, Heine received his doctorate in law in 1825.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" > writing experience</h1>
"I feel the same pain in Germany as some people, and when I say the worst of it, I say my pain." ("Every Time I Am in the Morning") The personal feelings expressed in these verses have a certain social significance. When the poems were collected and published in 1827, they were titled Collected Poems. They show a distinct romantic style, simple and sincere feelings, strong folk songs, welcomed by a wide range of readers, many of which are composers scored on the music, widely circulated in Germany, is the best work in German lyric poetry.
From 1824 to 1828, Heine traveled to many parts of his homeland and traveled to Britain, Italy and other countries. Because of his extensive contact with society, he deepened his understanding of real society and wrote four prose travel notes.
1830 - Moves to Paris after the French July Revolution.
Heine's ideological contradictions and doubts in his later years are prominently manifested In his belief and understanding of communism, his ideological contradictions are the products of that era, as Lenin said in commemoration of Herzen, "the revolutionary nature of the bourgeois democrats is dying out, while the revolutionary nature of the socialist proletariat is not yet mature, and the revolutionary nature of the socialist proletariat is not yet mature." At the same time, it also reflects the limitations of Heine's own bourgeois worldview.
1843 - Acquaintance with Marx, Heine's creation reaches its peak, and his works are more critical realism.
At the beginning of 5 years after the 18th century, paralysis began to worsen.
In May 1848 Heine went out for the last time and went to the Louvre Museum. Venus the severed arm seemed to evoke his sadness: "I stayed at her feet for a long time, and I cried so sadly that a stone would sympathize with me." The goddess also looked down at me with pity, but she was so desperate, as if she wanted to say: Don't you see, I don't have arms, can't help you? Since this day, Heine has lived in bed for 8 years as a "mattress tomb", but he still continues to create, completing "RomanCello" in 1851.
He died in Paris on 17 February 1856.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="49" > major works</h1>
• The Poetry Collection (1827) earned Heine a worldwide reputation as his first collection of poems, including Groups of Poems such as The Troubles of Youth, Lyrical Interludes, Homecoming Collections, and Beihai Collections.
• Harz's Travels (1826–1831);
• Germany, A Winter's Fairy Tale (1844);
• On the Romantics (1836);
• Song of the Silesian Weaver (1844);
• The beautiful poems of Romancero (1851) attracted many composers to compose music for him, and according to the book Heine in Music (by Gunter Matzner, published in 1989), about 10,000 pieces were composed or adapted for Heine's poetry, of which the five most composed poems were:
"You are like a flower" 388 songs
"A Lonely Pine" 209 songs
"I Cry in My Dreams" 149 songs
"Beautiful May" 130 songs
"Every Time I Look into Your Eyes" 127 songs.
The Lorelais, composed by the composer Friedrich Silcher, was widely circulated.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="50" > character evaluation</h1>
Poetry became Heine's weapon, and in his works he satirized, ridiculed, and attacked Germany. Hidden in this hatred, however, was Heine's inexhaustible love for Germany. As a Jew, he was educated in German culture from an early age, influenced by German culture, and wrote in German. His character was shaped by Germany, who was born and grew up in Slovakia. It was the poet's love-hate affection for Germany that made him feel punished in exile: he became a man without a country. So he vented his love for Germany in a form of irony and hatred. In the preface to the publication, Heine wrote: "Rest assured, I love my country as much as you do. For this love, I spent 13 years in exile, and it was for this love that I wanted to return to exile. ”
As the foremost German-language essayist and journalist, Heine's cultural commentary opened up a whole new style of criticism: not mainly based on systematic and objective introduction and judgment, but on completely subjective personal impressions and feelings. After moving to Paris, Heine wrote numerous articles introducing German readers to the political, social and cultural life of France. At the same time, he was invited by a French magazine to write an article introducing German culture, literature, philosophy and religion to French readers, including "On the Romantics", written in response to the "German Theory" by the French female writer Madame de Steyr, which is particularly representative of Heine's style.
In On the Romantics, Heine made a thorough critique of German Romantic literature. The Romantic literature he saw as "the resurrection of medieval literature" was "a flower of suffering born out of the blood of Christ." This is a strange, dazzling flower..." He used the penmanship of satirical cartoons to vividly exaggerate the characteristics of the representatives of Romantic literature: "The rose color presented in Novalis's works is the red halo of tuberculosis; the purple flame burning in Hoffmann's Fantasy Sketch is a high fever." So, "judging their work is not the business of critics, but of doctors." ”
The poet was not only attacked on all sides during his lifetime, but he was still criticized behind him. In Germany, several proposals to build a heine statue from the 19th to the 20th century were highly controversial. However, Heine seems to have anticipated all this, and in the history of German literature he said with great confidence: "I never cared about my prestige as a poet, and it did not matter whether people praised or attacked my poetry." But you must put a sword on my coffin; for I am a loyal soldier in the war of human liberation. ”
Heine was Jewish and was often attacked for no reason.
At one evening, a traveler said to him, "I found a small island where there were no Jews or donkeys!" His implication was clearly to scold Heine for being a donkey, and Heine said quietly, "It seems that only if you and I go to that island together will we make up for this defect!" Heine's answer is so wonderful! He cleverly countered the traveler's scolding words.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="51" > character memorial</h1>
The Heine Prize, one of Germany's most important literary prizes, was established in 1972 by the city of Düsseldorf and named after the great 19th-century poet Heine (1797-1856) and is currently awarded every two years. The purpose of the Heine Prize is to emphasize fundamental human rights, to promote social and political progress, and to understand each other among peoples. The winners were Habermas of Germany, Simone Weiy of France, Amos Oz of Israel, Hans Magnus Enzensberger of Germany, and Max Frisch of Switzerland.