In 1945, just as the Japanese devils were about to surrender, Chiang Kai-shek aimed his entire gun on the Communists.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek looked at the Communist Party very unfavorably and often made small and big moves behind his back. Now that the War of Resistance was over, Chiang Kai-shek had consciously left the Communists long enough to breathe, and it was time to kick out the only stumbling block on the road to his dictatorship.
Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek not only wanted to solve the great problem of the Communist Party as soon as possible to achieve dictatorial rule, but also did not want to bear the insult of breaking peace and provoking a civil war, so he had a plan and set up a feast at the gate of Hongmen.
Chiang Kai-shek wrote to the Communist Party of China on many occasions in the newspapers, addressing Comrade Mao Zedong and expressing his sincere invitation to Comrade Mao Zedong to go to Chongqing to hold peace talks with him and jointly discuss China's future path.
However, what Chiang Kai-shek did not expect was that Comrades Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and others actually had "great courage in the sky," and they risked their lives to go to this "Hongmen Feast"!
This made Chiang Kai-shek's calculations fall short, but one count could not be achieved, and another plan was made. During the negotiations, the CCP received accurate information: Chiang Kai-shek advocated that Comrade Mao Zedong be made the governor of a province. After learning of Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy, Mao Zedong was not angry, but instead smiled and asked, "Which province to go to?" ”
What is Chiang Kai-shek's plan? Which province did he want Comrade Mao Zedong to go to as governor? What is Comrade Mao Zedong's view on this proposal by Chiang Kai-shek?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" > Chiang Kai-shek's feast</h1>
In 1945, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was victorious, and the international community and the people of Chinese were looking forward to the arrival of peace and the rebirth of China.
However, in the eyes of people of insight, there was a huge danger lurking in China at that time, and this huge danger came from Chiang Kai-shek's attitude.
Chiang Kai-shek
Previously, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek regarded the Communist Party as a "big problem in his heart." He preferred to let the Japanese aggressors settle their internal "contradictions" first, regardless of whether they were concerned, and also called it "the outside world must first be at home," and launched a frenzied and cruel persecution and revenge against the Communist Party personnel and the masses of the people who supported our Party.
At a time when our party and people were actively resisting the war and shed blood and sacrificing themselves to save the country and save the people, they were still facing the flesh and blood of their compatriots, and Chiang Kai-shek's action of "suppressing the communists" not only weakened China's anti-war strength, but also made the international community laugh at all.
Later, forced by the grim situation of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the danger of the fall of the national territory, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to reluctantly form an alliance with our Party to unite against Japan. Even so, Chiang Kai-shek never stopped his small actions.
After the Japanese devils surrendered, Chiang Kai-shek's menacing eyes once again fell on the Communists—and now only this last stumbling block remained.
At that time, the CPC was also thinking about how China should take the road in the future after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and where the CPC should go.
To this end, the CCP held a number of meetings to discuss and finally determine the CCP's demand for China's future path: to oppose exploitation, oppression and dictatorship, to establish a democratic coalition government, and to let the people be the masters of their own affairs.
What this demand reflects is the CPC's goal of striving to realize the people's independence and self-reliance, and the revolutionary achievement of resisting exploitation, oppression, and dictatorship that the CCP has achieved at all costs with its life and blood.
This basic demand of the CHINESE Communists, from another aspect, is to give its own bottom line, as long as Chiang Kai-shek can achieve this demand, the CCP will take Chiang Kai-shek as the leader, and China's domestic disputes will be completely eliminated.
It is reasonable to say that the revolutionary achievements that Chiang Kai-shek, who has always sought with the "Three People's Principles" as the concept of struggle, should be consistent with this demand, and the two parties will successfully achieve Democracy and peaceful development in China based on the common revolutionary goals.
However, Chiang Kai-shek once again proved with his actions that he was nothing more than a vain attempt to dictatorship under the banner of democracy.
When the CCP's demands reached Chiang Kai-shek's ears, he was furious and openly proposed at a party congress that "the center of the work after that lies in the elimination of the Communist Party."
As soon as the news came out, many sides shook and the situation was tense. Various democrats have actively campaigned to persuade peace and try to prevent China from relapsing into a war of internal friction.
Although Sima Zhao's heart was already well known, Chiang Kai-shek still wanted to keep the last fig leaf. He not only wanted to completely wipe out the CCP through war and pull out this "thorn in the flesh," but he did not want to bear the infamy of taking the initiative to provoke a civil war. So he came up with a plan to pour dirty water on the CCP and put them in a dilemma: let the CCP come to Chongqing to negotiate.
Chiang Kai-shek has issued many public statements in the newspaper, saying that he sincerely invited the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party to come to Chongqing to carry out peace talks, and the two sides should conduct in-depth discussions on China's future path.
Everyone knew that Chiang Kai-shek was throwing a "Feast at the Hongmen Gate," but Comrade Mao Zedong resolutely decided to go to Chongqing to participate in the negotiations.
Before leaving, he said to Liu Shaoqi and other comrades: "I am ready to sit in the classroom and be placed under house arrest. ”
Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai
Comrades Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai resolutely boarded the plane to Chongqing, putting their lives and deaths aside, just to win a peaceful future for China!
When the news came out, the people of the country were shocked and moved, and Liu Yazi praised them for their "great courage" in this move. It is conceivable that the people of the country at that time had already clearly seen Chiang Kai-shek's sinister intentions to cover up.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="88" > negotiations dressed in dictatorship</h1>
Because Chiang Kai-shek had many criminal records of launching reactionaries to assassinate people in our Party on many occasions, there was widespread fear at home and abroad that Chiang Kai-shek would ruthlessly create an "unexpected air disaster" and directly kill Mao Zedong and other comrades in the middle of the road. To this end, American advisers specially accompanied them on the plane. This made Chiang Kai-shek not dare to act rashly, and Comrade Mao Zedong arrived safely at the scene of the peace talks.
At the end of August 1945, Comrades Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others arrived in Chongqing and were "warmly welcomed" by "Chairman Chiang Kai-shek."
Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong and the U.S. Envoy Hurley
During the peace talks, Comrade Mao Zedong made it clear that the CPC strives for peace and appealed to Chiang Kai-shek on the issue of the reorganization of the Liberated Areas: The army of 16 armies and 48 divisions should be retained, and the Communist Party should serve as the administrator of five provinces and four cities.
This perfectly reasonable demand was not accepted by Chiang Kai-shek, who intended to establish a dictatorshipal government, and was unwilling to let the Communist Party and other political parties participate in the government together with the Kuomintang, let alone establish a coalition government. He said that the Communist Party could only retain 12 divisions of troops, that the command and leadership of the Liberated Areas must also be appointed by the Kuomintang, and that the Communist Party could participate in politics but could not play any decisive role.
The two sides disagreed, their views were very different, and the negotiations reached an impasse.
In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's hard-line autocracy, Comrade Mao Zedong was still making his last efforts. They visited various democrats many times, gave interviews to international reporters, and told the truth about the CCP's propositions, hoping to change Chiang Kai-shek's stubborn dictatorial insistence with the help of various forces.
Comrade Zhou Enlai made it clear at the meeting that the CPC is holding the greatest sincerity and wants to reach peace talks with an equal attitude. All the CCP wants is to establish a coalition government and take the road of democracy. The CCP is willing to recognize the leadership and dominance of the Kuomintang, as well as Chiang Kai-shek's position as the leader of the whole country.
Mao Zedong
However, even though the Communist Party repeatedly backed down, even if Comrade Mao Zedong and various democrats tried to mediate in many ways, Chiang Kai-shek's desire to achieve dictatorship did not waver in the slightest. Democrats said sadly: "Chiang Kai-shek's painstaking attempts to negotiate peace with the Chinese Communists are nothing more than a drama." ”
When the negotiations failed, Chiang Kai-shek planned to use force to put Mao Zedong under house arrest. However, due to the pressure at home and abroad at that time, it was unable to take action. Chiang Kai-shek did not think much of this, he regarded himself very highly, and he was sure that even if Mao Zedong and others were let go, it would be no big deal. Chiang Kai-shek said he had four million troops and could pack up Mao zedong and the Communists whenever he wanted.
In the face of the Japanese aggressor Chiang Kai-shek's lack of confidence and retreating again and again, but in the face of the Communist Party of China Chiang Kai-shek's confidence and repeated persecution, such a nestful attitude is really ridiculous! lamentable! Alas!
U.S. Envoys Hurley, Chiang Kai-shek, and Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek's ultimate goal is to achieve dictatorship, the Communist Party's ultimate demand is to achieve democracy, the two sides naturally cannot talk, and the Chongqing negotiations have not made any progress for a month. It was at this time that the Chinese Communists received accurate information, from which they learned the bottom line of Chiang Kai-shek's negotiations.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" Data-track="89" Where do > go to be governors? </h1>
The Southern Bureau of the CPC provided Mao Zedong and other comrades with an accurate piece of information concerning the opinions of the Kuomintang, quoting Kuomintang insiders as saying: Chiang Kai-shek advocated that Mao Zedong hand over the Chinese Communists' troops and liberated areas, and when it was necessary to make concessions, Chiang Kai-shek was ready to let Mao Zedong serve as the chairman of the Xinjiang government.
Xinjiang – Far from the Central Plains, far from the political center. Getting Communist leaders to hand over their troops and liberated areas to remote Xinjiang would be tantamount to seizing power and being exiled.
The CCP negotiators and democrats were shocked by Chiang Kai-shek's brazenness, but Comrade Mao Zedong laughed, shook his head and sighed. Over the years, the arrogant Chiang Kai-shek still did not take the Communist Party seriously, and Chiang Kai-shek, who was only one step away from dictatorship, would no longer treat others with an equal attitude.
Mao Zedong told U.S. adviser Hurley: "The Chinese Communists advocate peaceful nation-building, as long as we can implement a democratization system, abolish the army, and let me be the governor of any province, it does not matter." The crux of the matter is whether the country can implement a democratic system after we hand over the army and the Liberated Areas to Chairman Chiang Kai-shek, and if not, we will not be able to accept it with peace of mind. ”
Mao Zedong's attitude was very clear: In order to build a country peacefully and to realize democracy, our Party is willing to make the greatest sacrifices and retreats. In contrast, Chiang Kai-shek wrote in his diary: "First give the chairman of a province to satisfy him for a while, so as to see the after-effects."
Chiang Kai-shek tried to stabilize Comrade Mao Zedong with the benefits of a provincial chairman, and then he would try to do so later. Anyway, he had four million troops, and Mao Zedong could not escape the palm of his hand. Comrade Mao Zedong, however, was not the short-sighted man he imagined. On the contrary, Comrade Mao Zedong had a long-term vision and thoughtful thinking, and did not take the sugar-coated poison he handed him.
Hurley told Chiang Kai-shek of Mao's answer, and Chiang Kai-shek, seeing that Mao was ill-fated, decided to use the absolute force of the "four million" army to force Mao to compromise. While peace talks were still in progress, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Kuomintang troops to launch an attack on the troops in the Liberated Areas.
In order to achieve a deterrent effect, Chiang Kai-shek directly aimed his gun at the famous Liu Deng army of the CCP, and the warlord leader Yan Xishan led a large number of troops to attack Liu Deng's army stationed in Shangdang.
Deng Xiaoping said to the soldiers: "Comrade Mao Zedong will be safer only if we fight well and beautifully." ”
Every Chinese, every Chinese soldier, knows the weight of this sentence and the huge impact that this battle will have on China's future. It can be said that this war directly affects China's future direction.
The poorly equipped Liu Deng army erupted with unrivaled strength, and they beat Yan Xishan's army to the ground and defeated them completely! Not only did they destroy more than 30,000 enemy troops, but they also captured a large number of equipment and materials.
When Comrade Mao Zedong personally took risks for the sake of all the Chinese, the people's sons and soldiers in the rear were also defending the great man with their own lives and blood and protecting China's democratic future!
The defeat of Yan Xishan's army made Chiang Kai-shek angry and frustrated, and he completely lost patience for negotiations. He directly tore his face and said bluntly to Comrade Zhou Enlai: "If you want peace, just follow my conditions; if you want to fight, let Mao Zedong go back to Yan'an and bring the army to fight!" ”
The next day, Mao Zedong made his attitude clear at the negotiating table: "I may not be able to fight now, but our army can fight with confidence and methods against the Japanese and The Kosovars, and we have our own advantages." ”
In this regard, the arrogant Chiang Kai-shek sneered and did not care.
In such an atmosphere that was close to declaring war, the two sides signed the "Double Tenth Agreement", which drew a "satisfactory end" to the negotiations.
The content of the agreement is roughly as follows: Under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party will strive to avoid civil war and build a peaceful country. Freedom of speech, freedom of belief, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, practice of local autonomy, reorganization of the armed forces in the Liberated Areas, punishment of traitors, disbandment of puppet armies, release of communists who have been innocently imprisoned...
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek
The Double Tenth Agreement has led the international community to believe that China will build a peaceful country and usher in peace and democracy. However, our Party knows very well that Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorial mind will not change and that war is about to begin.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" Data-track="90" > is it a civil war or a foreign war? </h1>
In June 1946, Chiang Kai-shek tore up the Double Tenth Agreement and brazenly provoked war.
Many people think that the War of Liberation was a civil war between different political parties in the country, but this is not the case.
First: This is a foreign war against imperialist colonization.
If the Communist Party represents the interests of the broad masses of the common people, then Chiang Kai-shek represents the interests of imperial colonialism. The reason why the United States vigorously supported Chiang Kai-shek and provided a large amount of arms and materials to the Kuomintang was to support Chiang Kai-shek as a puppet and establish a "new China" that was ostensibly independent but was actually colonized by the United States.
When the United States "supported Chiang Kai-shek and opposed communism," Chiang Kai-shek "repaid the favor by throwing a peach."
At the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the US military wanted to borrow Chinese places for test bombing, and Chiang Kai-shek readily agreed, and set aside a large piece of Chinese land for the United States to let it test bomb with peace of mind. While kneeling down to the United States, Chiang Kai-shek beat China's territory and tens of millions of people to the ground, his head broken and bleeding!
If our Party had not won the war of liberation, with such a servile leader, it is conceivable how dark China's future would be.
Therefore, this war that seems to be between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang is actually a struggle between the Communist Party of China against imperial colonialism, a struggle between the Chinese and the invaders! It's a foreign war!
Second: It is a foreign war against exploitation, oppression and dictatorship.
Looking back at chiang kai-shek's history of his rise to the throne, it is not difficult to find that he represents the interests of the landlord ruling class and US imperialism. For this reason, although he carried out the revolution under the banner of the "Three People's Principles," he opposed the democratic system proposed by our party, and the wolf's ambitions were clearly revealed.
If Chiang Kai-shek is allowed to achieve dictatorial rule, then the revolution that China has worked so hard for decades will become a bamboo basket. China's blood and sacrifices for democracy and equality will be in vain. After a huge circle, China will return to the original point again: the dictatorship of the ruling class, the exploitation and oppression of the people, the imperialist occupation of China's interests, China has essentially returned to the semi-colonial and semi-feudal period!
The Son of Heaven guards the gates of the kingdom, and the King dies. As the leader of China, Chiang Kai-shek took the knees of the imperial colonists and invaders, and joined forces with the enemy to aim the muzzle of his guns at his compatriots and at the land of China that nurtured himself. In order to achieve the ambitions and selfish desires of his own dictatorship, he did not hesitate to cut off the century-old revolutionary cause, and did not hesitate to trade the lives and land of his countrymen!
However Chinese people have already stood up after a hundred years of displacement and oppression, after a hundred years of bloodshed and sacrifice, and it is impossible to be "slaves" anymore!
A puppet leader like Chiang Kai-shek, such a "colonial leader," stands against the people of the whole country, and although he holds an army of four million and is fully supported by US imperialism, he cannot finally fight against the awakened dragon of the East!
Those who win the hearts and minds of the people win the world, and history is created by the people. Under the leadership of Chairman Mao, our sons and daughters of China defeated the big landlord class! Defeated feudal exploitation! Defeated the colonial invasion! Defeated Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship!
Long live the Communist Party of China! Long live the people!