In 1937, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, which was organized into three divisions, namely the 115th Division, the 120th Division and the 129th Division.
At that time, Zhang Hao was appointed political commissar of the 129th Division (director of the Political Training Office), and Chairman Mao said to him: "If Lin Yunan is still here, simply the three divisions of the Eighth Route Army will be covered by your Lin family." ”
Lin Biao was the commander of the 115th Division, and in the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he was famous for his Ping-type Guan Dajie, so what happened to Zhang Hao and Lin Yunan? Why did Chairman Mao say this?
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Zhang Hao's original name was Lin Yuying, and he, Lin Yunan and Lin Biao (Lin Yurong) were the famous "Three Brothers of the Lin Clan" in the history of the Communist Party of China.
The three of them are cousins, of which Zhang Hao (Lin Yuying) was born in 1897 and is the oldest, Changlin Yunan is 1 year old and Changlin Biao is 10 years old.
Lin Yunan and Lin Biao were both born in Huanggang, Hubei Province, linjia dayuan, and Zhang Hao was born in Linjia Dyepu Bay, and the two villages are separated by less than a mile.
The first of the three brothers to participate in the revolutionary progressive organization was Lin Yunan. When he was studying in the central part of the "Chung Hua University" in Wuchang, he joined the "Mutual Aid Society" founded by The Academic Affairs Director Yun Daiying to study and publicize new ideas.
When the May Fourth Movement broke out in 1919, Lin Yunan was one of the leaders of the Wuhan student patriotic movement. He also wrote a letter to Zhang Hao in his hometown, asking Zhang Hao to "work in the countryside as well." ”
Zhang Hao was born in a half-cultivated and half-weaving hand-dyed weaving family, due to his poor family, he intermittently attended private school when he was a child, and became the main force of home handicraft workshop work when he was a teenager.
In 1916, Zhang Hao married Tu Junming, who came from a poor peasant family. At that time in China, the small craftsmen's families at the bottom of society felt the most about the plundering of foreign powers and the squeeze of capital, and Zhang Hao, who was only 19 years old, was very depressed and did not know where the way out was.
The new ideas spread to him by his cousin Lin Yunan made him feel novel, as if he saw a glimmer of light in the darkness.
In the summer of 1919, Lin Yunan and other young students returned to their hometowns to propagate revolutionary ideas, and together with Zhang Hao and others, he built a Junxin Primary School and began social reform activities. The school was closed for lack of funds, but zhang hao resumed the school with the support of Yun Daiying and local temples.
Looking back, this Junxin Primary School has extraordinary historical significance.
In July 1921, Yun Daiying, Li Qiushi, Lin Yunan, Zhang Hao and others initiated the establishment of a "coexistence society" with a communist nature in The Junxin Primary School. Soon, when they learned of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Lin Yunan and Yun Daiying immediately joined the Communist Party of China.
In 1922, through the introduction of Yun Daiying and Lin Yunan, Zhang Hao also joined the party and became one of the earliest workers' party members in our party. In order to show his revolutionary determination, Zhang Hao changed Lin Yuying's name to Lin Zhongdan.
After the "Three Lin Brothers" joined the revolution, they later went their separate ways due to the needs of their work, and Junxin Primary School was the place where they had the longest intersection at the beginning.
Lin Biao entered a private school at the age of 9 and transferred to Junxin School at the age of 12. At that time, although he was small, he followed Lin Yunan and Zhang Hao every day, and he was full of ears and eyes, and he also accepted the influence of revolutionary ideas.
After the founding of the Communist Party of China, it concentrated its efforts on the workers' movement. The brothers Lin Yunan and Zhang Hao were both famous leaders of the labor movement in the early days of our party.
After joining the party, Lin Yunan was appointed head of the Wuhan branch of the Secretariat of the China Labor Union, and as soon as he accepted the task, he successfully carried out the strike struggle between the Guangdong-Han Railway Locomotive Office and the Hankou rickshaw workers with his organizational leadership skills.
In January 1922, Lin Yunan went to the Soviet Union to attend the conference of representatives of communist parties and national revolutionary groups in the Far East. Also attending the meeting were Zhang Guotao, Qu Qiubai, Ren Bishi, and others.
After Lin Yunan returned to China, he ran day and night in the three towns of Wuhan to mobilize industrial workers to struggle to get rid of exploitation and oppression.
Lin Yunan and Shi Yang, a "labor lawyer", organized trade unions in various industries in Wuhan and established the country's first local federation of trade unions, the "Wuhan Federation of Trade Unions".
Because of his strong organizational skills and speech writing ability, Lin Yunan was appointed as the secretary and director and presided over the work of the Federation of Trade Unions.
Lin Yunan was not only an outstanding leader of the workers' movement in the early days of our Party, but also an extremely outstanding revolutionary propagandist.
In October 1922, he and Shi Yang founded Zhen Bao to cheer for the workers. This newspaper is a drum and a shout for the people, lively and combative, and when each issue comes out, workers, students, and citizens rush to buy and circulate it.
During this period, Zhang Hao also fought side by side with Lin Yunan.
After Zhang Hao joined the "Coexistence Society", he began to go out of his hometown and "break into the world".
Zhang Hao first went to work as a worker in a Longhua dyeing and weaving factory run by Japanese capitalists in Shanghai, returned a few months later and resumed the operation of Junxin Primary School, and at the same time, with the help of the "Coexistence Society", opened a Liqun Towel Factory in Wuhan.
After the founding of the Communist Party of China, Liqun Towel Factory became the office of the Wuhan Branch of the Secretariat of the China Labor Union and the party's contact point. Zhang Hao covered up the secret work of the party as the "boss".
When Lin Yunan and Xu Baihao were organizing a general strike at the Hanyang Iron and Steel Works, Han Laosan, the foreman of the iron furnace, was bribed by the capitalists with heavy money and refused to stop work.
In February 1923, the Beijing-Hankou railway workers' strike, which shocked the whole country, broke out, and Lin Yunan was one of the main leaders of this strike.
On February 7, with the support of imperialist forces, the reactionary warlord Wu Peifu mobilized military and police to bloodily suppress the striking workers along the Beijing-Hankou railway. Lin Yunan, Lin Xiangqian, and Shi Yang were the "first criminals" that the enemy had focused on capturing in Wuhan, and Lin Yunan escaped by chance, while Lin Xiangqian and Shi Yang were heroic and righteous.
After the "February 7 Massacre", in order to preserve the revolutionary forces, according to the instructions of the party at higher levels, Lin Yunan, Zhang Hao, Chen Tanqiu, Li Qiushi and others were transferred to Anyuan, Changsha, and Shanghai respectively. Since then, Lin Yunan and Zhang Hao brothers have gathered less and more.
Lin Biao was admitted to Wuchang Gongjin Middle School at the age of 15, joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1923, and served as the secretary of the League branch of Gongjin Middle School.
In 1924, Lin Yunan, a member of our party, returned to Wuhan to lead the youth movement in Hubei, and Lin Biao, who was studying at Gongjin Middle School, was directly educated and trained by Lin Yunan.
In the "May Thirtieth" anti-imperialist movement in 1925, Lin Biao actively participated in the student movement and initiated the establishment of the "Gongjin Book Club", and was later elected by the Hubei Students' Federation as a delegate to the Seventh Congress of the All-China Federation of Students held in Shanghai.
In the autumn of that year, Lin Biao graduated from Wuchang Gongjin Middle School, and Lin Yunan recommended him to apply for the Whampoa Military Academy. In January 1926, he became a fourth-term student at the Whampoa Military Academy and changed Lin Yurong's name to Lin Biao. Lin Biao transferred from the Communist Youth League to the Communist Party of China at the Whampoa Military Academy.
Since then, the "three Lin brothers" have all embarked on the revolutionary road, but they have played different roles and taken different paths, thus writing different life trajectories.
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In June 1923, the three major congresses of the Communist Party of China were held in Guangzhou, and Lin Yunan participated in the congress as a representative of hubei region. Immediately afterward, he attended the Second Congress of the Chinese Socialist Youth League and was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the League.
Because Lin Yunan was able to write and write and has a rich resume, he was appointed as the director of the organization of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, and the editor-in-chief of "Chinese Youth".
In 1924, after the kuomintang and the communist party established a united front, Lin Yunan served as a youth officer of the Hankou Executive Department of the Kuomintang. From January 1925, Lin Yunan served as a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Movement of the Communist Party of China and went to Shanghai to engage in the leadership of the workers' movement.
In May 1926, after attending the Third National Labor Congress in Guangzhou, Lin Yunan was ordered to return to Wuhan and lead the workers' movement in Hubei with Li Lisan, Liu Shaoqi and others.
In January 1927, the first workers' congress of the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions was held in Hankou, and Liu Shaoqi was elected as the secretary general of the trade union, Li Lisan, Lin Yunan, and Xiang Ying were appointed as the directors of diplomacy, propaganda, and organization, and Xu Baihao was appointed as the chairman of the Economic Struggle Committee.
After the establishment of the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, the most beautiful thing it did was to reclaim the Hankou British Concession.
In 1926, when the Northern Expeditionary Army marched into Wuhan, the British warships fired at the Northern Expeditionary Army 50 kilometers upstream of Hankou; the British Ship of the Asia Kerosene Company crashed and sank the Chinese ship Shengui on the surface of the Tuanfeng River in Hubei Province, resulting in the unjust death of more than 500 Chinese compatriots at the bottom of the river; the consulates of various countries, led by the British Consulate, colluded together to demand that the National Government ban workers' organizations...
Lin Yunan proposed that the Federation of Trade Unions hold a large-scale rally to suppress the arrogance of British imperialism. Li Lisan and Liu Shaoqi also agreed.
On December 26, 1926, more than 100,000 workers in Hankou held an "anti-British congress", and the British Concession authorities were so alarmed that they decided to take revenge.
On January 3, 2017, the propaganda team of the Central Military and Political School gave a speech next to the Jianghanguan Bell Tower near the British Concession in Hankou. The Authorities of the British Concession mobilized sailors from British warships to disembark. Heavily armed British troops rushed to the outskirts of the country, pounced on the unarmed crowd, stabbed one person to death on the spot, wounded more than 30 people, and created the "One Three Massacres" in Hankou.
The first workers' congress of the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions immediately sent a telegram to the whole country, and Lin Yunan personally drafted a telegram proposing six demands, including the recovery of the British Concession in Hankou, and five measures such as boycotting British goods.
On the afternoon of the 5th, under the command of Li Lisan, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Yunan, and others, the Federation of Trade Unions held a "memorial meeting for the compatriots who died one or three times" in Hankou, which was attended by 300,000 people.
After the meeting, the demonstrators marched toward the British Concession. Workers' pickets took the lead in storming the concession, quickly dismantling the fortifications of sandbags and power grids, and the angry masses occupied the concession.
Immediately, the Wuhan National Government organized the "Hankou British Concession Provisional Management Committee" to take over the British Concession. At the same time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nationalist Government negotiated with the British side to reclaim the British Concession. In the end, British imperialism was forced to sign an agreement with the National Government in Wuhan to return the British concessions in Hankou and Jiujiang to China.
After the repossession of the Hankou British Concession, Li Lisan, Liu Shaoqi, and Lin Yunan became famous.
After Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, he attempted to bribe Lin Yunan with heavy money. After being categorically refused by Lin Yunan, Chiang Kai-shek became angry and sent someone to arrest Lin Yunan's father and release him after all kinds of torture.
In May 1927, at a critical moment in the Great Revolution, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions under the leadership of the Communist Party of China still successfully held the Pan-Pacific Labor Congress in Hankou. Lin Yunan was appointed as the secretary general of the Secretariat Office of the Conference, and the translation, publicity, conference materials and conference affairs of the conference were presided over by Lin Yunan.
This international conference, attended by representatives of the labor of Japan, Korea, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, has written a glorious page in the history of the international workers' movement.
In order to boost the revolutionary morale of the whole party and the people of the whole country, the CPC Central Committee immediately decided to convene the Fourth National Labor Conference in Hankou in June and appointed Lin Yunan as the director of the Preparatory Department for the Congress.
Lin Yunan once again displayed his outstanding organizational and political talents, not only presiding over the preparation of the conference, but also drafting the declarations and major resolutions of the conference. At the congress, Lin Yunan was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Executive Committee of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and at the second standing committee meeting, he was elected as the secretary-general of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and presided over the daily work of the ALL-China Federation of Trade Unions.
On July 15, 1927, Wang Jingwei rebelled against the revolution in Wuhan, many communists were slaughtered, and Lin Yunan once again became a "major criminal" wanted by the Kuomintang.
Lin Yunan went underground, serving as a member of the standing committee of the rebuilt Hubei Provincial Committee and concurrently serving as propaganda minister, and soon acting as provincial party secretary. At the end of 1927, in order to prepare for the Fifth National Labor Congress, Lin Yunan was ordered to come to Shanghai.
At this time, Shanghai was already in a state of white terror, and Lin Yunan was resourceful and presided over several consecutive national meetings in the "heart" of the enemy. Apart from the Fifth National Congress of Labour, held in November 1929, the most important meeting was the series of meetings of the Preparatory Committee of the All-Soviet Congress.
At that time, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China had already established revolutionary base areas in Jinggangshan and other areas, and the establishment of Central Soviet power was already a task before the Party.
In May 1930, the All-China Regional Congress of Soviets was held in Shanghai, and the congress decided to establish the "All-China Soviet Central Preparatory Committee (Soviet Quasi-Commission)" and appointed Lin Yunan as the secretary-general of the "Soviet Quasi-Association". Since then, the principal leaders of the CPC Central Committee, such as Qu Qiubai, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi, have often studied and worked in the organs of the "Su ZhunHui."
Lin Yunan was responsible for drafting important documents such as the Draft Outline of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the Land Law, and the Labor Law. After the preparatory work for the congress was ready, the Party Central Committee decided that Lin Yunan would go to the Central Soviet Region to prepare for the First Congress of the All-China Soviets.
Unfortunately, on the way to the Central Soviet Region by Lin Yunan and his party, Chiang Kai-shek was launching a great encirclement and suppression of the Red Army, and they could not enter the Central Soviet Area and were forced to return to Shanghai. Later, the underground party secretly delivered relevant documents to the Central Soviet Region, which played an important role in the construction of the soviet power.
While Lin Yunan was working in Shanghai, Li Lisan's erroneous "Left" line was rampant within the party. Lin Yunan, who has a relatively high theoretical level of Marxism-Leninism and rich experience in struggle, profoundly realized that the enemy is strong and we are weak, and that rioting in the cities and letting the Red Army attack the central cities will cause huge losses to the revolution, so he waged a resolute struggle against Li Lisan's mistakes.
Lin Yunan, He Mengxiong, and others were ostracized because of their opposition to the "Lisan Line," and Lin Yunan was disqualified from attending the Central Committee Plenary Session.
In September 1930, the Party Central Committee held the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in Shanghai, and Li Lisan's "Left" erroneous line was corrected.
However, wave after wave of unevenness has risen again.
On January 7, 1931, Mif, the head of the Eastern Department of the Communist International, came to China and, using the method of surprise attack, convened an enlarged meeting of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, and used the "Left" dogmatic sectarian groups to exclude some members and alternate members of the Central Committee and push Wang Ming, who was not even a member of the Central Committee, to the leading post of the Central Committee.
Wang Ming pursued a more leftist line than Li Lisan, adhered to the "city center" theory, and emphasized the so-called "regular warfare" and "all-round attack" in the military field. In terms of organization, it vigorously practiced nepotism and engaged in "brutal struggle and ruthless crackdown" against comrades in the Party.
In order to ensure that the party's cause would not be harmed, on January 8, Lin Yunan, He Mengxiong, Li Qiushi, and 18 other party members opposed the election of the Fourth Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee and issued a "Letter to Comrades" to the party, exposing Wang Ming's behavior of undermining party discipline, undermining inner-party democracy, and plotting to usurp the party's power.
With the power in his hands, Wang Ming carried out cruel attacks on those who disagreed with him or opposed him, and he not only branded Lin Yunan, He Mengxiong, and others as "rightists," but also threatened to expel them from the party.
On January 17, 1931, Lin Yunan, He Mengxiong, and others met at the Oriental Hostel on Hankou Road in Shanghai and the Zhongshan Hotel on Tianjin Road to study how to carry out the struggle against Wang Ming and thoroughly correct the erroneous line of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee.
In the middle of the meeting, they were surrounded and arrested by the Kuomintang military and police almost at the same time because of the traitors' whistle-blowing. The manhunt lasted overnight, and by the 18th, a total of 36 CCP members had been arrested at the same time.
This is the famous "Oriental Hostel Case", a major mystery case in the history of the Communist Party of China. Exactly who is the whistleblower has not been determined within the party, and all the party members arrested are opponents of Wang Ming's "left" line, which is very strange in itself. In recent years, many historical studies have shown that the "Oriental Hostel Case" seems to be related to Wang Ming and Kang Sheng.
In prison, Lin Yunan withstood the severe torture of the enemy, preferred to die unyieldingly, and maintained the firm stand and lofty character of a Communist Party member.
As early as 1927, he had sent people to bribe Lin Yunan with heavy money without success, but this time he still had illusions, so he instructed Chen Lifu, secretary general of the Kuomintang Central Committee And director of the Organization Department, to come out to "persuade Lin Yunan to surrender."
Chen Lifu deliberately used a special plane to "pick up" Lin Yunan to Nanjing. Within the Kuomintang, Chen Lifu's eloquence was outstanding, and he thought that persuading Lin Yunan to submit to the Kuomintang would not be a problem. Unexpectedly, from the very beginning of the persuasion, he was refuted by Lin Yunan.
Chen Lifu had no choice but to use the last move, he held out his hand to shake hands with Lin Yunan, but the Kuomintang reporter present held up his camera but could not find the opportunity to press the shutter. Chen Lifu felt extremely humiliated that he had not even obtained the materials for political propaganda.
After Chen Lifu failed to persuade him to surrender, he called Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek angrily ordered, "Kill! ”
On February 7, 1931, Lin Yunan, He Mengxiong, Li Qiushi, Hu Yipin, Yin Fu, Rou Shi and 24 other Communist Party members and revolutionaries bravely took up their righteousness in Longhua, Shanghai. Lin Yunan was 33 years old at the time.
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After the "February 7 Massacre" in 1923, Zhang Hao went to Changsha according to the instructions of his superiors, where he led the strike petition activities of rickshaw workers. In the autumn of that year, he was ordered to go to Anyuan again.
Zhang Hao served as the sales director of the Anyuan Road Miners' Consumption Cooperative and participated in the work of the Anyuan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Workers' consumption cooperatives were proposed by Mao Zedong when he came to Anyuan to bypass middlemen and enable poor workers to buy bargains. Zhang Hao worked tirelessly, enthusiastically served the workers, and ran the cooperative well, and he gained a high reputation among the workers.
On May 1, 1924, more than 10,000 workers in Anyuan solemnly gathered to commemorate International Labor Day. Zhang Hao was elected as the commander-in-chief of the conference and gave a wonderful speech at the meeting.
Shortly after May Day, Zhang Hao was selected by the organization to go to the Soviet Union to study at the "Communist Labor University" in Moscow. Also studying with Zhang Hao were Deng Xiaoping, Li Fuchun, Nie Rongzhen, Guan Xiangying, and others.
After the May Thirtieth Movement in 1925, when cadres were in urgent need in China, Zhang Hao ended his studies in the Soviet Union and returned to China under the pseudonym "Lin Chunshan" to serve as the secretary of the Yangshupu Department of the Shanghai District Committee of the Communist Party of China.
On December 6, 1925, the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions held a gathering of 10,000 people and put forward the slogan of "opposing the fall of the feng" in support of the "capital revolution" initiated by Li Dazhao and Zhao Shiyan.
The Shanghai Garrison Command dispatched hundreds of policemen and horse teams with live ammunition to surround the venue.
After the rally, tens of thousands of people marched, and Zhang Hao led the workers in the hudong district to the front of the line. The enemy suddenly opened fire in the air, and the procession was chaotic.
Zhang Hao was a pioneer and fought with the enemy in spite of himself. His head was stabbed with a bayonet, bleeding profusely, his shirt was stained red, and his chest was bruised and purple by the enemy's butt.
He struggled with his arms and shouted, "Rush! rush! Rushing... before he could finish shouting, he fainted and fell to the ground.
The masses thought that he had sacrificed, and the crowd was excited, carrying Zhang Hao, who was covered in blood, and rushing towards the military police. Frightened, the enemy was stunned and did not dare to move. The parade finally broke out of the encirclement circle of the military and police, marched mightily on Qingyun Road, Baoxing Road, and Zhonghua New Road, spreading for miles, with slogans shaking the sky and shaking Songhu.
Zhang Hao was sent by comrades to Baoshan Lujisheng Hospital for rescue and escape, but left a serious brain injury sequelae.
Zhang Hao took advantage of the opportunity to go home to recuperate from his injuries and mobilized his wife Tu Junming and his younger brother and brother-in-law to join him in revolutionary work.
In 1927, when Wang Jingwei launched the "July 15" counter-revolutionary coup in Wuhan, Zhang Hao insisted on fighting in the Tiger's Den Wolf Cave regardless of his personal safety. In the spring of 1928, the central government sent him to Hunan, where the White Terror was particularly severe, to restore the damaged Hunan Provincial Party Committee.
The comrades, fearing for his safety, said: "For the sake of the Party, I must die, and I must go!" ”
After Zhang Hao arrived in Anyuan, he joined He Chang and Teng Daiyuan in forming the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee, and was soon elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial CPC Committee and secretary of the Standing Committee.
Although the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area, which had just been created at that time, was located on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces, it still belonged to the leadership of the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee in terms of party organizational relations.
After several changes in the leadership of the provincial party committee, Zhang Hao, who supported the situation alone, sent people to contact Mao Zedong several times and gave instructions from the provincial party committee. He also sent workers from Anyuan and other places to the Red Fourth Army to solve difficulties such as funds and medicine for the Jinggangshan base area.
On July 22, 1928, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, and Huang Gongluo launched the Pingjiang Uprising, which threatened Xiang'egan and shook all of China. Zhang Hao played an important role in organizing the Pingjiang Uprising, and he gave clear instructions on the establishment of the Fifth Red Army and the strengthening of the party's leadership, strategic guidelines and direction of the march.
Zhang Hao's activities gradually became exposed, and he became a key target for the Kuomintang. Zhang Hao shaved his hair as a monk and insisted on working in the temple. Later, some people rebelled, and he escaped from the tiger's mouth under the cover of the abbot monk Lang Jue (Zhang Zhonghua).
At this time, Zhang Hao was already penniless, so he had to dress up as an ascetic, dressed in robes, holding a wooden fish, pedaling grass shoes, begging along the way, and walking for more than 1 month before he "survived the dead" and arrived in Shanghai. When Lin Yunan saw him, he couldn't even recognize this dark and thin brother, and the figure of the former Kuixiong was only a skeleton.
After Zhang Hao took over the organizational relationship, he served as the secretary of the Huxi District Party Committee in Shanghai. During a rally, in order to rescue two female workers, he was arrested and imprisoned in The Blue Bridge Prison in Shanghai, where he was beaten to the point of swelling and bruising his face, and his head was seriously injured again.
Zhang Hao pretended to be a "madman" in prison and deceived the enemy. After 4 months, he was released from prison on bail by the party organization. After his release from prison, he participated in the Fifth National Labor Congress and became the head of the All-China Seafarers' Federation of Trade Unions.
In April 1930, Zhang Hao, as a commissioner of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, went to Harbin to lead the Manchurian workers' movement. Soon, the central government transferred him to Shenyang to form a provisional Manchurian provincial party committee and act as secretary of the provincial party committee.
In order to restore and develop the party's organizational work among the masses, he personally went to the Fushun Coal Mine and the Shenyang Arsenal to carry out activities. In order to connect with the masses and to deal with the enemy, he blackened his face with soot and worked with the workers. In less than four months, the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee had more than 900 party members and more than 1,200 league members.
On November 11, 1930, zhang Hao was arrested by the Japanese on a train when he returned to Shenyang from the Fushun coal mine due to betrayal by traitors.
The Japanese devils knew that he was a member of the Communist Party and wanted to open a gap in the party organization from him, so they tortured him. Counting nine cold deaths, the enemy poured him cold water, his stomach was swollen, and he stepped on and kicked on his stomach with large leather boots, and the water and blood flowed out of his nose and mouth.
During the second interrogation, he was given pepper water and kerosene, and he passed out again. Just after waking up, the enemy stripped him of his clothes and put him in the cold, damp basement, trying to freeze him alive.
Zhang Hao's life was very hard, but he still survived.
Zhang Hao encouraged the victims who were arrested together and firmly affirmed their innocence. In the end, 29 victims were acquitted, and only 5 were sentenced, zhang Hao was the heaviest one, and was sentenced to five years in prison.
On the eve of the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo, Japanese imperialism announced an amnesty in order to buy people's hearts and minds. The party organization seized the opportunity to rescue Zhang Hao from prison in February 1932. When Zhang Hao was released from prison, his health was already extremely bad, and he even needed help from others to walk.
At the beginning of 1933, Zhang Hao accepted a new responsibility, and he went to Moscow under the pseudonym Li Fusheng to serve as a member of the delegation of the Communist Party of China to the Comintern and the representative of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions to the Red Workers' International.
After the Red Army began its Long March in 1934, the Party Central Committee and the Comintern lost contact. In order to convey the spirit of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International and to restore ties with the Central Committee of our Party, the Communist International and the Delegation of the Communist Party decided to send Zhang Hao back to China.
In order to conceal his identity, Zhang Hao changed the pseudonym of "Li Fusheng" to "Zhang Hao" this time. The surname "Zhang", which is to commemorate the abbot of Ciyun Temple, Shi Langjue (commonly known as Zhang Zhonghua), who covered his sacrifice, the name "Hao", which means that the torrent of revolution is vast and unstoppable.
Zhang Hao, out of the need to fight against the enemy, also used many other pseudonyms, but the most used, the longest, and in the last moments of his life, the name used was "Zhang Hao".
At that time, the whereabouts of the Party Central Committee were unknown, and only the Existence of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi was known. The route back to Japan was already occupied by the Japanese, and could only go through Mongolia, but it had to cross the uninhabited desert.
One day in November 1935, Li Weihan, then director of the Organization Bureau of the Central Committee, received a telegram from Dingbian in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region, saying that a suspicious Beggar-like Mongolian businessman named Zhang Hao was looking for the Party Central Committee. When Zhang Wentian, Li Weihan and Zhang Hao met, they knew that he was Lin Zhongdan (Lin Yuying) at that time.
Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, who commanded the battle in the town of Zhiluo, were overjoyed to see Zhang Haodu in Ansai.
Zhang Hao's arrival is a major event in the history of the CPC!
First, Zhang Hao brought back the telecommunications code, which enabled the CPC Central Committee to restore contact with the Comintern and also connect with the world, breaking the Kuomintang's information blockade.
Second, Zhang Hao conveyed the strategic thinking of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International on the establishment of an anti-fascist people's united front and the "Letter to All Compatriots for Resisting Japan and Saving the Country" drafted by the delegation of the CPC Central Committee to the Communist International, which Zhang Hao participated in drafting, which promoted the determination of the policy of the Anti-Japanese National United Front of the Communist Party of China.
Third, Zhang Hao turned the tide and made outstanding contributions to avoiding the split of the Red Army.
In the course of the Red Army's Long March, after the Red Army and the Red Fourth Front Army met with MaoGong Division, Zhang Guotao, believing that there were many guns and many guns, always refused to carry out the central government's northward marching route, and also forcibly established the "Provisional Central Committee" on October 5, 1935, appointed himself chairman, and announced the expulsion of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Wentian, Bogu and other party members, and at the same time ordered the Red Fourth Front army to go south.
After Zhang Hao learned of Zhang Guotao's serious mistake, he took a clear-cut stand in safeguarding the political line of the CPC Central Committee represented by Mao Zedong after the Zunyi Conference, and he sent telegrams to Zhang Guotao many times in the name of the representative of the Communist International to oppose separatism and promote unity and unification.
He and Zhang Guotao said that the Comintern spoke highly of the Red Army's Long March, that "the Long March of the Central Red Army was a victory," that "the Comintern fully agreed with the political line of the CPC Central Committee," and demanded that Zhang Guotao cancel the plan to establish a separate "Central Committee" and lead his army north as soon as possible.
In the struggle against Zhang Guoduo's separatism, Zhang Hao skillfully combined the firmness of principles with the flexibility of the tactics of struggle, saying in a telegram: "Brothers and others may submit the controversy over the principles of the central authorities to be resolved internationally" and suggested that "Zhang Guotao may establish a southwest bureau."
Zhang Guotao read the strike telegram and was greatly shocked. His southward march had been defeated, and he did not dare to bear the charge of "disobeying the Comintern" any longer. He weighed it up and was forced to announce the abolition of the second "central government".
After Zhang Hao's patient persuasion, coupled with the continuous struggle of Zhu De, Xu Xiangqian and others, and the promotion of the Second Front's Ren Bishi, He Long, Guan Xiangying and others, Zhang Guotao finally had to agree to go north, and the Red First, Second, and Fourth Fronts met at Huining and Jiangtai Fort in October 1936.
After Zhang Hao arrived in northern Shaanxi, he joined the work of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and served as secretary of the White Area Work Committee and deputy director of the Northeast Army Work Committee, assisting Zhou Enlai in doing a lot of united front work.
When the Red Army's Western Route Army was in trouble, the Central Military Commission decided to dispatch troops to form a "Western Aid Army", with Liu Bocheng as commander and Zhang Hao as political commissar.
In July 1937, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out in full swing. With the efforts of the Communist Party of China, the two parties cooperated for the second time to establish an anti-Japanese national united front. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to reorganize the Red Army into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with three divisions under its jurisdiction, namely the 115th Division, the 120th Division and the 129th Division.
Since the commander of the 115th Division was Lin Biao, the commander of the 129th Division was Liu Bocheng, and the political commissar was Zhang Hao, Mao Zedong said to Zhang Hao: "If Lin Yunan is still here, simply the three divisions of the Eighth Route Army will be covered by your Lin family." ”
The 129th Division was mainly reorganized from the "Aid to the West Army" and based on the troops of the Red Fourth Front, and after Zhang Guotao's problem was dealt with, many cadres and soldiers had very complicated ideas. With his noble character and excellent leadership skills, Zhang Hao quickly twisted the troops into a rope.
In order to adapt to the mountain guerrilla warfare against Japan as soon as possible, the 129th Division set up a rotational training class, and Liu Bocheng and Zhang Hao personally gave lessons to the cadets.
While Zhang Hao was carrying out ideological work in the troops, he also extensively mobilized the masses to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japan. Zhang Hao, who came from the labor movement, often took advantage of the war gap to mobilize workers to join the Eighth Route Army. At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, more than 30,000 workers in the southeastern Jin Dynasty joined the Eighth Route Army and other anti-Japanese armed forces, and in November 1937, more than 3,000 industrial workers joined the 129th Division in Cixian and Liuhegou areas alone.
When Zhang Hao was working in the 129th Division, he often had brain injuries and had to continue to work with a brain device. Later, he often fainted at work.
At the end of February 1938, the Party Central Committee transferred Zhang Hao back to Yan'an, and Deng Xiaoping took over as the political commissar of the 129th Division (which is the origin of the title of "Liu Deng's Army" thereafter).
After Zhang Hao returned to Yan'an, he recuperated and worked at the same time. During this period, he founded the Anwubao Youth Training Class Staff Brigade and the Yan'an Workers' School, and edited the monthly magazine "Chinese Workers".
On April 30, 1940, Lin Yuying, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other central leaders attended the May Day International Labor Day Conference. After the meeting began, he suffered a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, and although he was rescued, he was unable to stand and walk.
In August 1941, Zhang Hao's condition deteriorated and he was sent to Yan'an Central Hospital for rescue and treatment. In February 1942, Lin Biao returned to China via Xinjiang after recovering from his wounds in the Soviet Union, and after he arrived in Yan'an, he rushed to the hospital to visit his cousin Zhang Hao.
Zhang Hao was already very difficult to speak at this time, but he could not let go of one thing in his heart: that is, the so-called "right-leaning" unjust case imposed by Wang Ming on Lin Yunan, Li Qiushi, He Mengxiong, and others, and he painstakingly instructed Lin Biao to reflect the situation to the central authorities and rehabilitate him. (In 1945, the Party Central Committee adopted the Resolution on Several Historical Issues, which gave high praise to Lin Yunan and other martyrs.) After liberation, the bones of the 24 martyrs who died collectively were buried in the martyrs' cemetery of Longhua Martyrs Cemetery in Shanghai. ）
On March 6, 1942, Zhang Hao died in Yan'an Central Hospital at the age of 45.
Before Zhang Hao's public sacrifice, Mao Zedong told Zhu De, Ren Bishi, and others that Zhang Hao's death was a great loss to our party, and in order to show our respect and nostalgia for him, I proposed that several of our principal leaders personally raise the coffin.
Mao Zedong also wrote for Zhang Hao the inscription "Loyalty to the country, although he is still honored in death", and wrote several large characters for his tombstone " Comrade Zhang Hao's tomb".
On March 9, 1942, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Xu Teli, Lin Boqu, Yang Shangkun and other central leading collectives personally carried a coffin for Comrade Zhang Hao and buried the martyrs on the top of Taohualing Mountain.
The brothers Zhang Hao and Lin Yunan were full of revolutionary legends in their lives, and if they had not died young, they would have been present on the upper floors of Tiananmen Square at the founding ceremony.
The revolutionary ancestors have left, but their glorious history, the spirit of heroic struggle, and their indomitable sentiments for the revolution will accompany their heroic names to the world forever!