Ten years of grinding a sword, the 83-year-old "Ci Hai" new version is coming soon! Uncover dozens of processes behind 1 word, polished by 1,000 experts
Important people entries, new Jin Yong, Rao Zongyi, Yu Guangzhong, Chen Zhongzhong!
This morning, the marketing seminar of Cihai (7th Edition), the largest comprehensive dictionary in China, was held in Chengdu.
Cihai is the only large-scale comprehensive dictionary in China that integrates the main functions of dictionaries, language dictionaries and encyclopedia dictionaries with words and words, and is published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, accompanied by generations of Chinese memories. It was first compiled in 1915 by the famous Chinese educator and publisher Lu Feikui. The first edition was born in 1936 and is a well-known dictionary brand with a history of 83 years. Since the third edition in 1979, a stable ten-year revision law has been formed, and by the sixth edition was released in 2009, the cumulative circulation reached 6 million copies, and the number of sub-volumes reached 20 million, setting a record for the circulation of large-scale reference books in China.
Ten years of grinding a sword, the 83-year-old "Ci Hai" the seventh edition will be officially launched in September this year with a new look. The reporter saw this exquisite set of sample books in advance. So, how was the seventh edition of Ci hai edited? How is it different from the old version? About the story behind "Ci Hai", the Red Star News reporter revealed the secret for you!
The seventh edition of Ci Hai
10,000 new entries have been added
Including Jin Yong, Yu Guangzhong, Márquez and so on
It is understood that the seventh edition of "Cihai" has 8 volumes, with a total word count of about 24 million words, a total of more than 130,000 entries, 10,000 new entries, and more than 75% of the original lexicon have been revised and updated.
New terms in politics, economy, science and technology, literature and art, etc., updated the interpretation of laws and regulations, international units, and related terms of social life.
For example, the new titles have various hot words of public concern, such as the latest communication technologies 4G, 5G, touch screens, Internet of Things, big data commonly used in daily life, unmanned vehicles, quantum communications and other words that represent future development technologies.
In the financial sector, a number of new terms have been added, such as hedge funds, angel investment, shadow banking, reverse repurchase, quantitative easing, third-party payment, cross-border e-commerce, RMB cross-border payment system, initial public offering bank (IPO), crowdfunding, and bitcoin.
Chinese literature has added new entries on important figures, and Red Star News reporters have seen Jin Yong, Rao Zongyi, Yu Guangzhong, Chen Zhongzhong, who have died in recent years.
Foreign literature complements the newly deceased important writers, such as Nobel laureate García Márquez, Saramago, Doris Lessing, Günter Glass, etc.
In addition, the living writers who are not included in the genre are also supplemented by his influential representative works, such as Naipaul's "The Mystery of Arrival", Philip Ross's "Ghost Writer", and Kazuo Ishiguro's "Buried Giant". Among them, the Eastern European literature articles have been revised a lot this time, and many new articles have been added and deleted, reflecting the new breakthroughs and new achievements made by the academic community in the field of Eastern European literature research that was originally relatively unpopular in recent years.
Cultural relics archaeology has added famous literary and polymaths who have passed away, such as Zhang Zhongpei, Wang Zhongshu, Xu Pingfang, Ma Chengyuan, Wang Shixiang, etc. From 1990 to 2015, a total of 26 years of 26 years of the country's top ten archaeological discoveries are particularly important items, such as the dinggong site, the baqiao site, the leifeng pagoda site, the liye city site, etc., focusing on the famous figures in the field of Chinese cultural relics and archaeology in the 20th century and the achievements made by the Chinese archaeological department in recent years.
At the same time, more than 18,000 new color maps were added, and many photos were updated and the maps were redrawn. Some of the exquisite hand-drawn illustrations that have survived from the previous editions have been preserved, which the editors consider to be exquisite "I am afraid that it is an unprecedented masterpiece in the history of Chinese publishing".
Compiled by more than 1,000 top experts in various disciplines
Readers can access online services anytime, anywhere
The 83-year-old "Cihai" has now begun to take the digital route, and the content of "Cihai" has been fully digitally transformed and the database has been built.
Anyone who buys the "Ci hai" (seventh edition) color picture book, get online services, and check it anytime, anywhere.
Through the online system, the staff of the publishing house searched with Chengdu as the keyword, and they could see Liu Bei in the Three Kingdoms period, the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu, the Shu painter Huang Xiao after the Five Dynasties, the medical educator Cai Qiao, the astronomer Li Heng, the physicist Pu Fuke, the musicologist Wang Guangqi, the linguist Wang Kun, the Sichuan opera actor Zhou Mulian, Jia Peizhi, the Yangqin actor Li Decai, the writer Ba Jin, Li Jieren, Ai Wu, the literary and art theorist Ah Wei, the journalist Sa Kong, and other Chengdu celebrities in various fields.
It is understood that Internet buzzwords such as "Xida Puben", "Blue Skinny Shiitake Mushroom", "Flood Power" and so on are not included in the list due to reasons such as non-precipitation and poor stability.
What is the difference between Ci Hai and The Internet Encyclopedia? According to the staff of the publishing house, the most essential features are authority and accuracy, compiled by more than 1,000 top experts in various disciplines. Each word, from receiving the word to the publication, contains dozens of processes, and all the words have been verified by all means and repeatedly tempered. Possesses legitimate intellectual property rights and has rigorously reviewed content to provide more accurate information. The encyclopedia on the Internet is provided spontaneously by netizens, and the scientific and accurate content cannot be guaranteed.
The scene of the event
The academic torch is passed down from generation to generation
Students write articles for the late division commander...
How was Ci Hai edited? Behind it is two highly authoritative and high-level codification teams. One is the team of authors, and the other is the team of editors and publishers. From Shu Xincheng, Chen Wangdao, and Zhao Puchu to Chen Zhili, Gan Fuxi, and Zuo Huanchen, here are first-class experts and scholars, who have rich experience in compiling dictionaries.
The editorial board of the seventh edition of Cihai added 14 deputy editors and 81 sub-section editors. In 2015, at a meeting of more than 200 editors-in-chief of sub-disciplines, 70 percent of the people in the eye were full of white hair, hanging old, and the oldest was in his 90s. A large part of these weather-beaten academic celebrities participated in the compilation of cihai for decades. The deputy editors of the seventh edition of Cihai also include Wang Anyi, Wang Xinkui, Ye Shuhua and other first-class experts in various disciplines and fields.
The Red Star News reporter learned that Ye Shuhua, an astronomer and academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, is 92 years old and has insisted on participating in the meeting of editors-in-chief of "Cihai" and contributed his strength to the revision and publication of the new edition of "Cihai" with a high sense of mission and responsibility.
Ye Shuhua
In addition, Lin Shangli, editor-in-chief of the political science sub-section, was transferred from Shanghai to Beijing, still concerned about the work of "Cihai", and used his spare time such as weekends to rush back to Shanghai from Beijing, convened a collective meeting of authors of various sub-disciplines, discussed and approved the list of words one by one, and determined the addition and deletion of entries.
Chen Dai, the chief editor of the sub-section of Modern Chinese History, has participated in the compilation work since the fifth edition of "Cihai", with a rigorous and meticulous style. When compiling the seventh edition, he was hospitalized due to illness, and in his hospital bed, he still insisted on reviewing all the entries, writing the revision suggestions neatly next to the manuscript, and discussing the doubts with the responsible editors to inform the information that should be re-verified. This serious spirit, this responsibility and responsibility for "Ci Hai" is touching.
For example, Zong Peiling, the editor-in-chief of "Archival Science", is a professor of archival science at Shanghai University, and his teacher Chen Zhaoqi is a famous Archivist and archival educator in China, and is one of the important founders of archival science and archival education in New China. Chen Zhaoqi is also the editor-in-chief of "Archival Science" of Cihai, and the archival discipline entries of the sixth edition of Cihai in 2009 were written and approved by Chen Zhaoqi. After Mr. Chen passed away at the age of 85 in 2016, Zong Peiling took over as the editor-in-chief of the seventh edition of Cihai Archives. Zong Peiling repeatedly told the editor: "Our compilation and revision this time is actually based on the results of Mr. Chen's work, and we must be rigorous and careful, cautious and cautious, so as not to be sorry for the painstaking efforts of our predecessors." At Zong Peiling's suggestion and with the approval of the Cihai Editorial Committee, Chen Zhaoqi, the former editor-in-chief of the Cihai branch, was included in the seventh edition of Cihai as an important figure in archival science, and the author of the entry was Zong Peiling. Students write entries for the teacher himself, which is not only a sympathy for like-minded people, respect and gratitude for the preachers, but also a sense of mission and responsibility to pass on the academic torch from generation to generation.
An introduction to the cihai family history
Each word list ranges from word receipt to finalization
It has to go through dozens of processes
According to the staff of the publishing house, the revision and compilation of "Cihai" is a systematic project, which has a meticulous overall design, and makes specific provisions on the total number of entries in the whole book, the proportion of ordinary word entries and encyclopedia entries, the proportion of encyclopedia entries Chinese and science subjects, and the number of entries in various disciplines according to the actual situation.
Each word enters a rigorous working procedure from the word collection stage. When receiving words, there should be a basic word list, and on this basis, the word list should be added, deleted, modified, etc., and then enter the expert argument stage, and the final word list should be sorted out according to the expert opinions, and the editor-in-chief of each sub-section should be issued to the writer. The writer first tries to write various splines, conduct arguments and discussions, and then write them on a large scale after finalization. The author finalizes the draft, submits it to the editor-in-chief of the sub-section for review, and submits the final draft to the publishing house and the publishing house for review. Some important disciplines also require external experts to conduct external review and key reading. Each word item goes through dozens of processes from word receipt to finalization.
The entries in "Ci Hai" are just over 100 words, and they are the most reliable and reliable "hardcore dry goods" provided by experts in various fields with a rigorous attitude. For example, the journalism scholar "Huang Tianpeng", the birth date in his life deeds has been said to be 1904, 1905, 1908 and so on. Huang Hu, the editor-in-chief of the journalism department of the seventh edition of "Cihai" and a professor at Fudan University, deliberately contacted Huang Tianpeng's family, went to the city where they lived, obtained real first-hand information to revise, and drew the final conclusion that Huang Tianpeng was born in 1909, solving the long-outstanding problems in the field of news history.
Added illustrations
During the revision of the seventh edition of cihai, some people questioned what "稷" was. In order to clarify this problem, Professor Wang Jiru, editor-in-chief of the sub-discipline of the "Cihai" language section, took pains to write the interpretation of the [Ji] article.
Wang Jiru, born in 1943, is a professor and doctoral supervisor of Soochow University, whose research involves three fields of hermeneutics, philology and Dunhuang studies, and has participated in the revision of many editions of Cihai.
Wang Jiru consulted major reference books, related research books, and also checked a large number of pictures and text content on the Internet, and he still lacked the most intuitive understanding of what "稷" was, how it was different from "黍" and "穄", and what was the relationship with today's millet, small yellow rice, and millet. In order to solve this problem, Wang Jiru, who is over seventy years old, has taken a different path and carefully communicated with sellers in Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other places through learning online shopping, because "they understand the differences of these grains" and "sellers always know more about things than we do." Subsequently, Wang Jiru bought millet, rhubarb rice, millet, etc., and cooked them for comparison. Combined with the information consulted, he concluded that millet is called millet, rhubarb rice is called millet, and millet is called millet, especially in Inner Mongolia today. It's just that people sometimes write "穄" as a homophonous "稷". And these two words are different in ancient sounds, but now they are mixed. In order to understand more clearly, Wang Jiru also made a comparison map of the three grains and their plants of millet (millet), millet (rhubarb rice) and millet (rhubarb rice). It is very similar to the plant, except that it is sticky after cooking, while it is not sticky. Wang Jiru said: "I feel that I have figured it out myself, and I am very happy in my heart." ”
Comparison of three kinds of grains: "黍", "穄" and "Millet"
Generation after generation of "Cihai people" in the spirit of "meticulous, careful words and sentences of the "Spirit of Cihai", with seeking truth from facts, excellence in ingenuity and thousands of hammers.
Red Star News reporter Chen Mou photographic report
Edited by Guan Li