01
Revolutionary "Strongest Voice"
"Well, isn't this 'Two Tigers'?" How did it become a revolutionary song? ”
On June 22, at the "Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China" Memorial Hall in Fangshan District, Beijing, two young spectators wearing red scarves were a little surprised when they heard the narrator's story.
The children's song "Two Tigers" is a household name, and whenever the brisk music sounds, both adults and children can hum a few words.
However, what many people do not know is that this children's song has another version in our country, that is, the national popular revolutionary song "National Revolutionary Song" in the 1920s - "Down with the Great Powers!" Bring down the Great Powers! Except for the warlords! Except for the warlords! The National Revolution succeeded! The National Revolution succeeded! Fight together! Fight together! Bring down the Great Powers! Bring down the Great Powers! Except for the warlords! Except for the warlords! The National Revolution succeeded! The National Revolution succeeded! Sing together! Sing together! ”
△ Yellowed "National Revolution Song" song list.
The song was written at a time when the great powers were divided, warlords were strife, mountains and rivers were fluttering, and ancient countries and peoples were struggling together in the dark quagmire.
In 1922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai, which clearly put forward the program of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution and adopted the "Resolution on the "Democratic United Front", which was the first special document of the Communist Party of China on the united front.
The reunification of China is the common demand of the people of the whole country and the aspiration of Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution, for many years. In 1924, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, with the help of the Communist Party of China, convened the First National Congress of the Kuomintang, confirmed the principle that Communists should join the Kuomintang in their personal capacity, and the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation was formally formed. In June 1924, the Whampoa Military Academy of the Army Officers was established to advocate the Northern Expedition.
The building boat crosses the wind and waves at night. In July 1926, the 100,000-strong army of the National Revolutionary Army sang the "National Revolutionary Song" and swore an oath to the Northern Expedition. "The purpose of the Northern Expedition was to overthrow the reactionary rule of the imperialist-backed Beiyang warlords and to realize the independence, freedom, democracy and unity of the Chinese nation. Regarding the start time and purpose of the Northern Expedition, there is no dispute between the Kuomintang and the Communists. In an interview with this reporter, Chen Yu, an expert in military history, said.
In fact, "National Revolutionary Song" was composed by the Whampoa Military Academy to boost morale and mobilize the people, and with the consent of Deng Yanda, director of the Political Department at the time, and Guo Moruo, deputy director of the Political Department, this song was used as the military song of the National Revolutionary Army and the school song of the Whampoa Military Academy. As for the specific authors, one said that he was Kwong Yong, chief of the propaganda section of the Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army, and the other said that he was Luo Zhensheng, executive committee member of the Special Party Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, and both of them were members of the Communist Party of China.
"National Revolutionary Song" borrowed the catchy tune of the French children's song "Brother Jacques", ignited the voice of the people with plain lyrics, and became the "strongest sound" during the first civil revolutionary war. As the late Zhou Weizhi, former chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, said, "At the height of the National Revolution, the National Revolution Song was very popular. Everyone can sing, and although the song is simple, it is very expressive of hatred for imperialism and determination to overthrow the warlords of the great powers. ”
02
Beacon of the year
In only a few months, the National Revolutionary Army defeated hundreds of thousands of troops of Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang with fewer victories and marched north. Because the Chinese Communists played a backbone role in the battle and organized the broad masses of workers and peasants to actively support the Northern Expedition, the revolutionary forces rapidly developed into the Yangtze river and the Yellow River valley.
△ The Northern Expeditionary Army besieging Wuchang City.
"The Northern Expedition dealt a heavy blow to imperialism and the rule of the Beiyang warlords in China, ending the 16-year-long rule of the Beiyang warlord clique since the Republic of China. This war accelerated the course of the history of the Chinese revolution and opened the way for the development of China's new-democratic revolution in the future. Chen Yu summed up that the Northern Expedition was a national unification war with the National Revolutionary Army as the main force on the basis of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists.
In September 1937, Mao Zedong pointed out in his article "Urgent Tasks after the Establishment of Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation": "Since 1924, the Chinese revolution has played a decisive role in determining the situation of the two parties. As a result of the cooperation of the two parties on a certain program, the revolution of 1924-1927 was launched. ...... This is the result of the united front formed between the two parties. ”
One day in the midsummer of 2013, it was drizzling.
Hebei Baoding Military Academy Memorial Hall. A bus stopped in front of the door, and from the car slowly stepped down several elderly people, their looks were either solemn or joyful.
These old men were retired generals from the Whampoa Four Seas Unity Association in Taiwan. The drizzle wet their faces, but they did not care to wipe away the rain, but opened their eyes to carefully look at the photos in the exhibition hall: Ye Ting, Zhang Zhizhong, Fu Zuoyi, Bai Chongxi...
At this time, the melody of "National Revolutionary Song" sounded in the museum, and several old people could not help but sing along.
"The students of the Baoding Military Academy and the Whampoa Military Academy made important contributions to eliminating warlords and the War of Resistance Against Japan, and saved the nation from danger. At present, the students and descendants of the two schools are distributed all over the strait, which has become the bond and foundation of cross-strait feelings. Looking at the beacon fire in the midst of historical materials, one of the veteran generals, Xiao Jianmin, sighed.
Beginning with the adoption of the "Resolution on the "Democratic United Front" by the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the united front under the leadership of the Communist Party of China has a history of one hundred years. It spans all periods of revolution, construction, reform, and the new era, and runs through the unremitting struggle process of the Chinese people to stand up, get rich, and become strong. Zhang Xiansheng, member of the Twelfth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former deputy secretary general of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, told this reporter that on the occasion of the 100 th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, it is of vital significance to conscientiously sum up the party's historical experience and characteristics and laws in leading the united front and to gather great strength for realizing the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.
03
United front
On April 12 and July 15, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei launched counter-revolutionary coups in Shanghai and Wuhan respectively, the fruits of victory in the Northern Expedition were usurped, and Li Dazhao, Chen Yannian, Zhao Shiyan, and a number of other CCP members bravely took up their righteousness. The first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation broke down in an all-round way, and the Great Revolution, which lasted for more than three years, ended in failure.
"The Northern Expedition has both successful experiences and historical lessons. In the later period of the Great Revolution, the right-leaning opportunism represented by Chen Duxiu did not want leadership, believing that since it was a bourgeois revolution, the leadership was bourgeois, and the proletariat at most carried a palanquin and gave the leadership to the bourgeoisie. History proves that whenever the party's leadership over the united front is abandoned, or when it fails to exercise correct leadership, the united front will fail and the revolutionary cause will suffer serious losses; whenever the party's leadership over the united front is upheld and correct leadership is exercised, the united front will develop and grow, and the revolutionary cause will continue to advance from victory to new victory. Zhang Xiansheng said: Among the valuable experiences formed in the hundred-year history of the united front, the most fundamental thing is to always uphold the political leadership of the Communist Party of China over the united front.
At present, there is no museum institution in China that specializes in the history of the united front as the theme of the exhibition. To this end, Zhang Yihe, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and professor of the Department of History of East China Normal University, suggested the establishment of a state-level united front museum to comprehensively and systematically display the history, connotation and culture of China's united front. In his view, whether it is Guangzhou, the birthplace of the kuomintang and the communist party for the first time to cooperate and establish a revolutionary united front, or Shanghai and other places where the Communist Party of China first proposed the idea of establishing a "democratic united front", there are rich historical materials and exhibits, which can become an important window for in-depth interpretation of the roots of urban red culture, excavation of red cultural resources, and further refinement of the spirit of red culture.
The reporter noted that in addition to the two memorial halls mentioned above, the exhibits of the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall History Museum and the Wuhan Revolution Museum all have the lyrics of the "National Revolutionary Song" in the exhibits. "A check of the information, found that it is too subversive imagination!" "I want to reacquaint myself with history!" In the guestbook of the exhibition hall, there is no shortage of such exclamations. Just as today's life is the sequel to The Age of Awakening, children can sing "Two Tigers" and play carefreely, which is also the best footnote to "National Revolution Song"! Bowing back to the light, examining the magnificent journey of a hundred years, the blood and the homeland have always been closely dependent.
Source: People's Political Consultative Conference Daily