Mao Zedong arrived in Chongqing
In early August 1945, Chiang Kai-shek sent three telegrams urging Mao Zedong to go to Chongqing to participate in the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Republic of China. Clear-eyed people know at a glance that Chiang Kai-shek has set up a feast at the Hongmen Gate. If Mao Zedong did not come, Chiang Kai-shek would have blamed Mao Zedong and the Communists for "not wanting peace and provoking civil war."
Mao Zedong decided to go deep into the Dragon Pond Tiger's Den and meet Chiang Kai-shek in person to expose his conspiracy of "fake peace and real civil war", an act that Liu Yazi praised as "great courage". At that time, the Politburo did not agree to Mao Zedong's going to Chongqing, and Mao Zedong believed that the significance of going was greater than not going, "going, so that you can get all the initiative." We must fully estimate the possibility of Chiang Kai-shek forcing us to make an alliance under the city, but the signatory hand is mine. ”
On August 28, Mao Zedong and his party arrived in Chongqing by plane. When Mao Zedong, dressed in a Zhongshan suit and wearing a helmet-style sun hat, walked out of the cabin, it immediately attracted everyone's attention. The day after arriving in Chongqing, the Ta Kung Pao carried the headline "Mr. Mao Zedong is coming!" published an editorial. The editorial states:
"Now, When Mr. Mao Zedong comes to Chongqing, he and Chairman Jiang have been separated for nineteen years, and after a long period of internal strife, eight years of war of resistance, and a lot of clutching and joy, now on the day of the great victory of the country, once they shake hands again, it is really an unprecedented reunion! Seriously perform this reunion comedy, know that this is the most hobby of Chinese people! ”
Mao Zedong used his actions to inform the people of the world that communists came to Chongqing sincerely to seek peace and truly to seek the interests of the broad masses of the people. However, neither Mao Zedong nor Chiang Kai-shek thought that a poem would be like a bombshell, causing a huge sensation in Chongqing, and finally causing a siege in the Kuomintang cultural circles.
This song is "Qinyuan Spring Snow":
The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow. Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, only the rest is reckless; the great river is up and down, and it is suddenly lost. Mountain dancing silver snake, the original chi wax elephant, wants to be higher than the Tiangong test. On a sunny day, look at the red makeup wrapped, very charming.
There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, causing countless heroes to bend their waists. Emperor Han Wu of Qin lost his literary style slightly; Emperor Songzu of Tang was slightly inferior. A generation of heavenly pride, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow to shoot large eagles. Count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty.
"Qinyuan Spring Snow"
Written in a breathless, imaginatively romantic, beautiful and lofty style, this poem was written by Mao Zedong in early February 1936 and is the pinnacle of Mao Zedong's surviving poetry. At that time, Mao Zedong led the anti-Japanese vanguard army to cross the Yellow River in the east and arrived at Liucun Village in Shilou County, Shanxi Province, which coincided with heavy snowfall. Witnessing the spectacular snow scene, Mao Zedong's poetry flourished, so he created this poem, which later caused a sensation in Chongqing.
After the creation of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", it was not published until 10 years later. During the Chongqing negotiations, Mao Zedong took time to visit Liu Yazi. Mao Zedong and Liu Yazi met as early as 1926, Liu Yazi was 6 years older than Mao Zedong, and their love of reading, coupled with their love of fighting and hugging, made them quickly become good friends.
To interject here, when the two met each other, they were like this: Mao Zedong was the acting head of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee as a member of the Communist Party, and Liu Yazi was a member of the Kuomintang Central Control Committee.
On March 20, 1926, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" with the aim of undermining the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, seizing the leadership of the revolution, and deliberately attacking and ostracizing the Chinese Communist Party. Liu Yazi was very angry, and he immediately published a "Letter to the Comrades of the Kuomintang", exposing the counter-revolutionary nature of the Kuomintang rightists and denouncing Chiang Kai-shek's perverse behavior, which left a deep impression on Mao Zedong.
In 1929, Liu Yazi wrote "Six Songs of The Slogan of Survival", one of which was: "The tomb of the head of the Divine Spirit Peak is green, and the Red Banner of Shonan is running across the line." The world's reputation was ruined by The original Hugh asked, and the two Lenins of the world were destroyed. Liu Yazi pointed out in his self-annotation that the "two Lenins" in the poem refer to Sun Yat-sen and Mao Zedong respectively.
Liu Yazi praised Mao Zedong so much, knowing that Mao Zedong was not yet the leader of the Communist Party, not even a political commissar, but he compared him to sun Yat-sen, the father of the country. Later, when the Anhui Incident broke out, Liu Yazi even denounced Chiang Kai-shek's despicable behavior, and as a result, he was expelled from the party by Chiang Kai-shek.
Mao Zedong and Liu Yazi
In 1932, Mao Zedong led the Red Army to several victories against "encirclement and suppression", which made Liu Yazi even more excited. Liu Yazi wrote the "Four Cuts of HuaiRen" accordingly, the first of which was: "It is also common under the plain gate, how to get rid of ying in the bag." With the grasp of the 100,000 troops, they ascended to the altar to see Mao Lang. In the poem, "Mao Lang" Liu Yazi notes himself "Mao Runzhi", and he expresses his admiration and respect for Mao Zedong with the allusions of Pingyuan Jun and Mao Sui's self-recommendation.
Mao Zedong also gave a high evaluation to Liu Yazi, especially admiring his poetry, praising: "Mr. Poetry should be humbled, look down on Lu You and Chen Liang, and read it to make people feel inspired." It's a pity I can only read and can't do it. But one more reader than me out of millions of readers is not an insult to Mr. Mister, and I am proud of it again. On the third day of coming to Chongqing, Mao Zedong hosted a banquet at his Guiyuan apartment, liu yazi, Shen Junru and others.
The two said goodbye after a 20-year absence, and during the banquet, Liu Yazi mentioned to Mao Zedong that he was compiling a poetry anthology from the Republic of China period, hoping to send a copy of the "Seven Laws and Long March" that he had written earlier, and Mao Zedong said that he would send a copy in a few days. Liu Yazi was very happy, and recited a poem on the spot, "On August 28, I smelled the coming of Chongqing, and met on the afternoon of the 30th at the zengjiayan and gave a poem":
"Farewell to Yangcheng in the nineteenth autumn, reunion to shake hands in Xiyu Prefecture, great courage and sincerity, everywhere labor and people still rest." Linyu Cangsheng new country, Yunlei Qingshi old boat. Zhongshan Carr double source, a smile Kunlun on top of the head. ”
On September 2, the poem was published in Chongqing's Xinhua Daily under the title "Giving Mao Run's Old Friend." On October 7, Liu Yazi received a letter from Mao Zedong and opened it to see that it was not "Seven Laws and Long March", but "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". Mao Zedong attached a sentence, "When I first went to northern Shaanxi to see the heavy snow, I filled in a poem, which seemed to be slightly closer to Mr. Mao's words, and the record was corrected." ”
Mao Zedong gave this poem to Liu Yazi at this time for a reason. In the letter to Liu Yazi on October 4, it can be seen that "I have previously told two words: the future is bright, and the road is tortuous. My generation mostly thinks about the word twists and turns, and the few reflect the reality, so as not to have a lot of distress when disappointed. Overcoming difficulties is by no means so easy. This point is referred to by Mr. Deep Hope as a cohomology. ”
Liu Yazi
Mao Zedong believed that the road was difficult and tortuous at present, but as long as we had the conviction of victory, the victory of the revolution was only a matter of time. Mao Zedong presented the term "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" to express the heroic ambition of revolutionaries and the lofty feelings of home and country.
After Liu Yazi read "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", he was directly shocked, and immediately wrote a harmony poem according to the word plate, entitled "Qinyuan Spring, the beginning of the second rhyme Maorun to see the heavy snow in northern Shaanxi, can not be as original as it was":
Twenty years of reunion, a new word, meaning the clouds floating. Sighing green plum wine stagnation, Yu Huai is confused; The Yellow River is turbid and the whole world is gushing. Neighbor Di Shan Yang, Bo Ren by me, drawing the sword is difficult to flat block high. Sad, crying peerless soldiers, absolutely charming.
Talent letter beauty and delicacy, look at the ancient words people bent waist. Count Huangzhou too defensive, jude arrogance; Jiaxuan resident, only to solve the complaint. More smiling Hu'er, Nalan Rongruo, Yan wants to be affectionate with the carving. The king and I will go up to heaven and earth and grasp this dynasty.
Subsequently, Liu Yazi forwarded the two poems to Chongqing's Xinhua Daily, hoping to publish them publicly. However, the publication of Mao Zedong's poems at that time must be approved by himself, and Mao Zedong had already returned to Yan'an. The person in charge of the Xinhua Daily reported the matter to Zhou Enlai, who held that the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Republic of China were in a critical period, and that some sentences in "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" had aroused controversy and were not suitable for publication immediately.
However, Zhou Enlai, out of respect for Liu Yazi, agreed to publish Liu Yazi's peace first. Also published was a quotation written by Liu Yazi:
Yu Zhirunzhi, in May 1926, was also the head of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou. And in 1945, he revisited Yuzhou, shook hands and was confused, and the feeling of soaking mulberry in linggu was invincible. Yu Suorunzhi wrote the Long March poem See Hui, but when he first went to northern Shaanxi to see the snow "Qinyuan Spring". In addition to reading, I sighed that I was the first player since China had a word, although Su and Xin failed to resist, the situation was Yu Zihu? Itch the trick and repeat this.
Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Liu Yazi
After the word Liu Yazi was published, it immediately attracted widespread attention in Chongqing, and everyone rushed to see Mao Zedong's original words. On October 24, the "Liu Shiyin Painting Group Exhibition" was held in Chongqing Sino-Soviet Cultural Association, and at the opening ceremony, Liu Yazi's latest poetry manuscript was exhibited, which included Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", which was copied by readers.
Wu Zuguang, editor of the Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine, also saw the poem, and he was impressed by Mao Zedong's boldness and published it on November 14 in the second edition of the supplement "Western Night Tan", which was the first public publication of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". In a short period of time, more than a dozen newspapers and periodicals in Chongqing have reprinted one after another, which has caused a sensation in Chongqing and even the whole country.
As soon as "Qinyuan Spring • Snow" was made public, such as a thunderclap on the flat ground, almost overnight people rushed to tell each other, and everyone talked about each other, which became the most important talking point for people after tea and dinner. At the same time, from the young to the elderly, from the low-level officials of the Kuomintang to the cultural circles, the praise for this poem was incessant, and Chiang Kai-shek himself also watched it.
Liu Yazi, who received the gift, was even more excited, and he spoke highly twice: "After reading the exhibition, I sighed that I was the first to do it since China had a word, although Su and Xin Yu failed to resist the hand, the situation was Yu Zihu? "Qinyuan Spring is a song, Yu Tui is a song for thousands of years, although Dongpo and You'an are still stunned, let alone the Southern Tang Dynasty Xiaoling and the Southern Song Dynasty."
When Wu Zuguang published this poem, he also added a passage of words, "Mr. Mao Runzhi can speak words, and it seems that few people know." There are those who have copied the word "Qinyuan Spring", the style is unique, the literary sentiment is lush, and the boldness is unattainable. Such a recommendation directly aroused the anger of Chiang Kai-shek and others, who at that time banned all of Mao Zedong's poems, quotations, etc., and some people did not even read Mao Zedong's handwriting.
Many were misled by the Kuomintang propaganda department as "a bunch of bandits with no culture." The sensational effect of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" made the Kuomintang authorities restless. Chiang Kai-shek summoned Chen Bray, the "literary bold" who drafted the document for him, and asked him what the word was.
Chen Brei replied truthfully: "The momentum is magnificent, the air swallows mountains and rivers, and it can be called the best of the world." Chen Brei was highly praised, which was enough to illustrate the level of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". Chiang Kai-shek was a little upset and said, "I see that Mao Zedong is ambitious, has imperial thoughts, and wants to go backwards." You quickly organize a group of people to write articles criticizing Mao Zedong's 'imperial thought' in the name of commenting on Mao Zedong's poems, so that the people of the whole country will know that Mao Zedong did not come to Chongqing to negotiate peace, but to claim the emperor. ”
In order to eliminate the influence of Mao Zedong's words, Chen Bray held an emergency meeting to respond, and for a time dozens of lyrics attacking "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" appeared in the newspapers controlled by the Kuomintang, many of which directly attacked Mao Zedong for expressing "imperial thought" in the words. Of course, there are also many similar imitations of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" to create.
For example, Sun Sunquan, principal of Beiping Girls' First Middle School, created "Qinyuan Spring":
The Three Chu Xing Division, marching north into the Long March, saved the national flag flying. Refers to the sunset of Fusang, and the Kou descends to be tired; the land rises from the land of Shenzhou, and the lonely is gushing. Sweep away the atmosphere, return the Han soil, and ensure peace and high force. Thousands of autumn things, watch the reorganization of the country, the scenery is enchanting.
The literary world revolutionary words are delicate, and there are hoes and evil flowers and pens. The score is thousands of miles, straight to the masses; the triumphant song is a song, and the wind is thin. Whoever is my enemy, but the thief of his people, takes the fierce and stubborn shooting as a carving. Embrace each other, wash the cleansing, and liberate the present dynasty.
This poem later attracted the attention of Mao Zedong, who wrote to Liu Yazi on January 28, 1946: "The harmony words of Mr. Sun and the harmony words of Ms. Sun (i.e., Sun Sun Tsuen) have all been accepted; 'Warm feelings in the heart, return to the mountain wife', I will say the same." In short, thank you for your efforts for the country. ”
Mao Zedong in Chongqing
For example, Wang Xinming, chief writer and deputy editor of the Kuomintang Central Daily, assumed the pseudonym "Donglu Poet" and wrote a japanese poem "Qinyuan Chun • Cimao Runzhi":
The anti-japanese army was new, ordered to make meritorious contributions, and supported The East Drift. When wandering in the wrong direction, the middle of the night is confused; the shock is frightening, and the whole world is frenzied. The Kou side is deep, the wall is difficult to recur, and looking back at the Central Plains Beacon Heights. But he turned against him, watched the killing and plundering the land, and showed off his arrogance.
The mountains and rivers are beautiful and delicate, and the smiling grass heroes also bend their waists. Want to wing the king to throw pen, Ben Wei Cai Algae; Oshi inscription wall, dream good at the wind. Unfortunately, the side door was mistaken, and the final result was false, and the cliff of Lema was deliberately carved. It is not too late, butcher's knife should be put down and become a Buddha.
Wang Xinming touted Chiang Kai-shek throughout this poem, reversing right and wrong, vigorously praising Chiang Kai-shek, wantonly slandering Mao Zedong, and asking him to put down the butcher knife.
There is also a "Peace Daily" sponsored by the Kuomintang Military Committee that also publishes a japanese poem, written by Yi Junzuo, who has long been engaged in newspaper culture in the Kuomintang military and political circles. Yi Junzuo, who received a bachelor's degree in arts from Peking University and a master's degree from Waseda University in Japan, was a knowledgeable scholar whose literature, poetry, books, and paintings were all exquisitely crafted, and he was known as the "Three Xiang Talents".
The full text of Yi Junzuo's hezi:
The national pulse is like silk, the leaves fall and the flowers fly, and the stems are broken and fluffy. The pain is everywhere, and the burden is in vain; the vast and hundred senses are gushing about it. Killing the official Huang Chao, the pit soldiers are white, how many times do you see the demon descending the road getting higher? Ming Shen, forbearance shattered, buried enchanted.
Gold is difficult to store Ajiao, Ren Ye state demon Rongxue thin waist. Look at the desert lonely smoke, raw and sharp; beauty vanilla, dead left "Leaving the Riot". A thought is uneven, a thousand autumns of meritorious sins, and the history of Youth is selflessly carved. It was only dawn, and it was a long night, and it was even more waiting for the Ming Dynasty.
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek toasted each other
I have to say that Yi Junzuo's lexical skills are indeed very strong. The whole text of this poem seems to exude the feelings of worrying about the country and the people, but in fact, it is not easy to frame the revolutionary armed forces led by the CPC as huangchao "killing officials" and "pit soldiers" in white.
Yi Junzuo was extremely hostile to the people's revolution and fantasized that the Kuomintang regime could extinguish the revolutionary forces. In the words, Yi Junzuo called "Qinyuan Chun Xue" a "smelting demon", especially at the end of the irony, forcibly installing the crime of the imminent outbreak of civil war on the ccp's head, which can be described as shameless.
In order to expand his attack on this word, Yi Junzuo went so far as to call himself the "Ally Lord" and frantically called on the "World Lyricist" to respond positively in the press:
"The countryside is lonely, and I recently had to read the "Ta Kung Pao" to reprint the words Mao Zedong and Liu Yazi. The mao words are rough and majestic, and the willow words are grumpy and bitter. Because of the rhyme of the times, the voice of the whole people, not the private opinion of one person; look at the world of lyricists, smell my rise! ”
There are many similar three songs and words above, but none of them can surpass the realm of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". At this time, the Peace Daily, which belonged to the Kuomintang military unification system, published so-called "letters from readers," one of which was titled "The Rise of the Remnants of Feudalism."
This incendiary article directly criticizes Mao Zedong, and the author shamelessly writes: "Our thousands of years of wang hegemonic thought is very easy to dominate people's hearts ... Even the 'leaders' of Yan'an 'wanted to compete with the Heavenly Examination'. In "Qinyuan Spring", 'still looking at this dynasty', the ambition is naturally extraordinary, but the face of Qin Shi Huang has appeared! ”
There is also a "letter from the reader" that is even crazier, directly calling this angry word "slandering the ancient and modern, in fact, the feudal remnants have once again raised their heads!" Seeing that Chongqing's cultural circles were endlessly attacking Mao Zedong's words, some progressives joined the ranks of polemics and launched a war without smoke of gunfire with these reactionaries, who either sang Mao Zedong's words or attacked the shameless rumors of reactionary literati.
Guo Moruo
Guo Moruo directly attacked these reactionary literati, and he published a japanese poem in the magazine "Objective" criticizing Yi Junzuo's harmony and the views of other word writers. The full text of this congratulatory message is:
Speaking of emperors, very heroic, the skin is light. Look at the success or failure of ancient and modern times, the words are broken, the congratulations are generous and trustworthy, and the people without instruments are gushing. Wait for the wind, but also easy to water, graceful and high style. Open face, is elegant, refuse to charm.
The voice parrot flipped over, and swung Yangzhou gossip waist. It is said that the red boat is fully loaded, and the king is victorious; the yellow turban rises again, and the moth thieves are in turmoil. Sigh can speak, do not leave the birds, the wood of decaying wood can not be carved. Ho Ho Ho Dao! The sky is foggy and the sun is not damaged.
Guo Moruo's poem still embodies the characteristics of cursing, especially prominently praising Mao Zedong's poem "Gong Kuan Xin Min, No Instrument Min Tao", and also comparing it with "Yi Wait Pei Feng (i.e., Liu Bang), but also Special Yi Shui (i.e. Jing Ke)", directly pointing out that Mao Zedong is completely different from the previous emperors and heroes.
After writing this poem, Guo Moruo was still not relieved. In July 1946, Guo Moruo published an article in the Shanghai Weekly newspaper to justify Mao Zedong's poems. Liu Yazi was also reprimanded by a Kuomintang friend for including "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", and wrote a special article for this purpose, "It is Difficult to Answer Guests". In the text, Liu Yazi criticizes his friend's views one by one, saying:
"Mao Runzhi is the leader of a political party, and as a leader, his tone is broad, unlike the small Confucian who has a skimmed sentence... The 20th century is the century of the people, only the leaders of the people, no reactionary emperors. Isn't tang bo song exactly the great performance of Mao Runzhi? "Qinyuan Spring" said it well: "All the past, count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty." 'It is not a matter of warning that the life of the tyranny of the common one-man thief has come to an end, and that the century of the people has begun. ”
Wang Ruofei
Mao Zedong was far away in Yan'an, and with the blockade of information in the Kuomintang area, he did not know the controversy over his own word in Chongqing, let alone the endless siege of him by the Kuomintang cultural circles. So, how did Mao Zedong respond to these ridicules and sieges?
Mao Zedong later learned of the siege of his own poem from the information provided by Wang Ruofei. At that time, Wang Ruofei had been in Chongqing, and he witnessed the siege of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" by the Kuomintang cultural circles, and he sorted out all the newspapers and magazines that published attacks and words and sent them to Yan'an.
In the face of overwhelming criticism, some of the words were incomprehensible, and Mao Zedong never formally responded. Soon after, Mao Zedong replied lightly to Wang Ruofei's uncle, the patriotic democrat Huang Qisheng (Mao Zedong once praised: during the most difficult time of the Communist Party, people outside the Party sympathized with and cared for the Party first person):
"If Fei fei sends the newspaper to pay for a read, after reading it, he will be begged to return it." Among them, the Kuomintang curses people, crows and cicadas, can spray rice, and pay a look. ”
"Crows and cicadas are noisy, you can spray rice", Mao Zedong responded with confident words and humor. After all, Mao Zedong was superior, so was there really no one in Chongqing who was only eight buckets high and learned to be rich in five cars? Wrong also! At that time, the Masters of the Kuomintang were like clouds, but they only lacked Mao Zedong's lofty pursuit of sacrificing himself and others, and they failed to truly understand what Mao Zedong was pursuing in his life.
Without the feelings of home and country, without the people's supremacy of the heart and courage, without the forward-looking political vision and strategic goals, it is impossible to write such a magnificent and vigorous work. "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" is not so much a poem as it is actually a declaration by the Chinese Communists headed by Mao Zedong to oppose feudalism and oppression, to change the heavens and the earth, and to let the people become the masters of the country.
Mao Zedong returned to Yan'an from Chongqing
Mao Zedong once said, "In order to have the courage to sacrifice more, dare to call the sun and the moon for a new day!" Just as Mao Zedong vowed after the victory of the Long March, "We in the Chinese nation have the courage to fight to the end against our enemies, the determination to restore the old things on the basis of self-reliance, and the ability to stand on our own feet among the nations of the world." ”
Born in a remote rural area, a scholar who has experienced all kinds of difficulties and dangers, has always closely linked himself with the fate of the country and the nation, perhaps this is an important reason why Mao Zedong was able to write such a poem.