Alexander. Nevsky
He is a Neva Hero;
He is a defender of Russia;
He was a national hero of Russia;
He was called "the greatest Russian";
His life was full of tragedies;
His life was full of controversy;
He was capable and had brilliant records, but he lived in the darkest and most humiliating era in Russia;
He had the ambition to conquer the world, and many times won many victories with fewer victories, invincible and invincible, but encountered the Mongol cavalry that swept the world;
He became famous as a teenager and became famous, but in order to preserve the Orthodox faith and the fire of Russian civilization, he chose to bow his proud head, abandon his dignity, and submit to the Mongols.
He loved Russia and the Russian people, but in order to calm the anger of the Mongols, he had to personally lead troops to suppress the people's resistance.
Some say he is a traitor outright, suppressing his rebellious compatriots in order to curry favor with the enemy;
Some say he was the great hero who saved the Russian nation, fending off crusader invasions in the west and dealing with the mighty Mongol Empire in the east, saving the Russian nation from slaughter.
He was Russia's tragic hero Alexander. Nevsky.
First, have great ambitions
Alexander. Nevsky was the eldest son of Yaroslav II, Grand Duke of Vladimir.
Since childhood, he is intelligent and studious, and he admires heroes.
Alexander the Great, who swept the world all his life, was his most admired hero, and he hoped that in the future he would be able to become like Alexander the Great.
Alexander the Great
However, Russia at that time was fragmented, conquest and cannibalism, and could not provide the stage for his dreams.
The Western Catholic-led Crusaders were intent on attacking the Orthodox Russian outliers, while the Mongol Empire in the East was eyeing a deadly blow to Russia.
Second, the teenager became famous
From 1096 to 1291 AD, the Catholic Church in Western Europe launched nine crusades, mainly against Muslims in the Middle East, and later began to invade the polytheistic and Orthodox countries on the Baltic coast.
Russia, an Orthodox country, also faced crusades.
The Crusaders conquered many Russian territories.
Crusades
In order to defend the Orthodox faith, Yaroslav II took his son Alexander and led an army to Jerpt to meet the Crusaders.
In the early morning of July 15, 1240, Alexander alone led an army, taking advantage of the fog, to sneak into the Crusader camp, the infantry attacked in the middle of the road, and the two wings of the cavalry encircled, defeating the Crusaders.
Due to the suddenness of the attack and the proper tactics, the Russians lost only more than 20 men, but sank three Crusader ships, killed more than 200 generals, and countless soldiers.
In the Battle of Jerpt, Russia won a great victory, and Alexander became famous as a teenager and became famous all over the world.
Iii. Neva Heroes
In 1241 AD, the Crusaders crossed the Neva River and invaded Russia.
Alexander led an army that led the heavily armed, heavily armored, and well-armed Crusaders into the frozen lake.
After that, Alexander led his army to surround the Crusaders, forcing them to huddle together and unable to move.
Soon, the ice was overwhelmed and suddenly cracked, and the Crusader soldiers fell into the cold waters of the lake and drowned.
Neva River
crusade
Alexander led his army again to defeat the well-equipped Crusaders with fewer victories, achieving the great victory of Chude Lake and obtaining the title of "Hero of the Neva River".
Russia hosted a grand banquet for Alexander to celebrate the victory.
The Russian people welcomed Alexander as a hero and welcomed Alexander with his army.
With his brilliant victory, Alexander defended the Orthodox faith and defended Russia.
After the victory at Lake Chud, the Crusaders no longer dared to cross the Neva River and invade Russia.
Great Victory at Lake Chude
Alexander's superb battlefield command ability and outstanding achievements forced the Crusaders to sign a contract with Alexander and return the Russian territory they had previously occupied.
Once again, the Russian people ushered in the dawn of peace and began a peaceful and beautiful life.
4. The Mongol Expedition to the West
In 1236, Genghis Khan's grandson Batu led an army of 150,000 to launch the Second Western Expedition.
Genghis Khan
Battus
Mongol Expedition to the West
In 1237, Mongol cavalry arrived in the Russian Principality of Ryazan.
Batu issued an ultimatum to the Ryazan Principality, demanding that they surrender one-tenth of their property.
The Grand Duke of Ryazan refused to say, "If all the people of Ryazan are dead, you Mongols will be able to obtain all your property." ”
The Mongol cavalry began to besiege Ryazan, and soon the city of Ryazan was breached, the Grand Duke of Ryazan and the defenders were all killed, the Mongol cavalry burned and plundered, and the prosperous and rich city of Ryazan finally became a scorched earth.
After that, the Mongol army continued to march westward, invincible, occupying Russia, Poland, Croatia and Hungary in one go, and did not stop until it stopped in the Adriatic Sea, which was opposite Italy.
Wherever the Mongol cavalry went, the bustling cities were all scorched earth, and corpses were strewn across the field, like hell on earth.
Mongol siege
Batu set up camp in the lower Volga city of Sarai and used it as its capital to establish the Golden Horde that ruled Russia.
The darkest hour of Russian history has arrived.
Alexander's father, Yaroslav II, submitted to the Mongols.
Looking at the humble Yaroslav II, Battus issued an edict to Yaroslav II, allowing him to continue to rule Russia.
Golden Horde
Since then, Russia has been officially incorporated into the territory of the Mongol Empire, and all Russians have become subjects of the Mongol Empire, paying regular tribute to the Mongols.
Fifth, implicit surrender
In September 1246, Yaroslav II fell ill and was said to have been poisoned by the Mongols.
Alexander's younger brother Andrei succeeded to the throne and began to rule Russia.
The strong rise of the Mongol Empire caused panic among the Catholic nations of Europe.
The Pope called on European nations to unite and form a crusade against the Mongol cavalry.
Germany and France responded positively and organized coalition forces.
Form a crusade
Alexander received the Pope's emissaries.
The emissary hoped that Alexander would lead the Russians to convert to Catholicism and join the Crusaders against the Mongols.
Alexander was well aware of the strength of the Mongol Empire, and he was convinced that no army could stand up to the Mongol cavalry, and even a powerful Crusader was definitely not an opponent of the Mongol cavalry.
The Mongol Empire only demanded submission and tribute from the Russians, and did not interfere at all in the beliefs and lives of the Russians, while the Pope demanded that the Russians convert, abandon the Orthodox Church, and convert to Catholicism.
So Alexander decisively rejected the Pope's emissaries.
The messenger was disappointed, and he did not expect That Alexander would refuse.
The Pope's emissaries met Withery, who ruled Russia.
Andrei agreed to the emissary's request and took the lead in rebelling against the Mongols, which resulted in a crushing defeat and the destruction of many Russian cities.
The Mongols deposed Andrei and left Alexander to rule Russia.
Mongol cavalry
The Mongols attacked the Crusaders
In 1257, in order to resist the Mongol taxation, the Russians gathered a crowd to resist, and in order to avoid the Mongol Empire taking the opportunity to slaughter Russia, Alexander personally led an army to suppress the Russian rebellion.
This put Alexander infamous and controversial.
Controversial Alexander. Nevsky
Although Alexander led an army to suppress the Russian rebellion, secretly Alexander was accumulating strength and organizing a rebellion.
His heart still loves Russia deeply, the Orthodox faith, and the Russian people.
Alexander died on 14 November 1263 at the age of 43.
In 1547, in recognition of Alexander's defense of the Russian Orthodox faith, the Russian Orthodox Church enfeoffed Alexander. Nevsky was a saint.
Alexander. Nevsky Cathedral
Orthodox church
On July 29, 1942, when Hitler's army penetrated deep into the heart of the Soviet Union, Stalin declared that Alexander Stalin was the only one to do so. Nevsky is a national hero.
The Soviet army established Alexander. Nevsky Medal.
Stalin
Throughout Alexander's life, there was both The courage of Xiang Yu to defeat the Crusaders and defend russia's western borders many times, and the poise of the Yue King, who was willing to sacrifice himself and taste courage, in order to preserve the Russian state and defend the Orthodox faith, he submitted to the Mongols.
Cao Cao said: "The dragon can be powerful and small, and it can rise and hide; the big is the cloud and the fog, and the small is hidden; the rise is soaring between the universes, and the hidden is lurking in the waves." The dragon is a thing, comparable to the hero of the world. ”
True heroes can not only face the oppression of the enemy and rise up to resist, but also need to bow their proud heads and use their honor and dignity to exchange the people's lives and the flame of national hope when facing a desperate situation.
The latter requires greater courage and is more tragic.
Alexander. Nevsky was a tragic hero.