<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > is difficult and obscure</h1>
The qing dynasty is the closest to us, and there are countless wild history stories. Of course, this is also because of its road to prosperity, which is a legend. This time, let's take a good look at this legendary Qing Taizu, Nurhaci.
A journey from scratch
In the eighth year of the Wanli Calendar (1580), Aisin Kyora Chuying was born, the first son of Nurhaci.
At that time, it was still the era of Li Chengliang, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, who was invincible, and Nurhaci was only 22 years old, and it was the time of the nest, and it was estimated that the joy of being a father could not dilute the bitterness in his heart.
When Li Chengliang was in charge of Liaodong, he escaped a warlord alive. There are many ethnic minorities in this place, and he is not limited to the real knife and real gun, but likes to take advantage of the contradictions between the tribes, cross the border, and play with it on the applause. Nurhaci's maternal grandfather, grandfather, and father almost all died in the war around 1580. Nurhaci also became a prisoner of Li Chengliang for a time.
Nurhaci is a man of great speech and extraordinary appearance, but he is very popular with Li Chengliang (and his wife). To say that Li Zongbing's face is also thick enough, there is no consciousness of killing his father and ancestors, and he took Nurhaci for a while. Later, Nurhaci couldn't stand it anymore and used the excuse to leave. How invincible li Chengliang was back then, how about putting the young man back? Just let him go.
It is also said that "the wife of Chengliang is strange in appearance, and the return of yin and indulgence". But all in all, Nurhaci definitely can't get into Li Chengliang's eyes, the defeated generals, the dogs that have lost their families, what is there to care about.
Nurhaci had no choice, even if he later unified the Jurchens and had a huge army, but before Li Chengliang's death, he did not dare to invade Liaodong south. Li Chengliang's hands were stained with blood, and as a result, he could still live to be ninety years old, and it was estimated that Nurhaci would be broken.
Daming did not dare to provoke, first clean up his own backyard.
The Draft History of the Qing Dynasty says: "The journey meets the head of the capital, and the nine disciples follow it." Taizu is both returned and has a thirteen. "Not bad, my grandfather and father also left some money for themselves."
Nurhaci sent someone to the government to complain that you had killed my grandfather and father. Daming was still quite generous, and sent someone to find out the remains of his grandfather and father and send them back, and also sent thirty horses as compensation. His father had served as a commander, and the Ming Dynasty also let him inherit this position. In fact, this is just the policy of the ethnic minorities [to control the yi and rule by the customs], and his father is a small chieftain, so he will give him an official. In fact, there are few people and weak, and there is no competitiveness.
But for Nurhaci, that's enough.
Gamble on the conquest of sex
In the eleventh year of the Wanli Calendar (1583), the twenty-five-year-old Nurhaci officially raised an army and began his journey with dozens of troops, gradually encroaching on the nearby forces with extraordinary courage and wisdom. In every battle, it was almost always "leading twelve people to pursue them", "defeated by twelve horses", and "advancing with eighty horses, and seeing the enemy army's eight hundred enemy troops standing by the river". This process is really tears for the hearer and sad for the listener.
In the thirteenth year of the Wanli Calendar, after some operation, Nurhaci set his sights on the Jurchen Clan's Zhechen Department. In February, he attacked Jiefan City (Jiefan City, on present-day Fushun, Liaoning) with 25 armored soldiers and 50 soldiers, but the attack was unfavorable, and Nurhaci was forced to retreat. The other side led four hundred people to chase, and Nurhaci single-handedly turned back to meet the battle. Both Neshen and Bamuni, the lords of the mortal realm, thought he had come to give the head and rushed straight up. Neshen went up first, swung down with a knife, and was flashed by Nurhaci, only to cut off the horse whip. Nurhaci cut him off with his backhand. Bamuni rushed forward, wanting revenge, but Nurhaci stopped his horse and suddenly fired a cold arrow, killing him with one blow. The enemy was stunned and watched as Nurhaci departed.
In April, Nurhaci made a comeback and led eighty horsemen to re-enlist the Zhechen Army, encountering eight hundred enemy troops. Nurhaci saw that the enemy army was strong, and some people had the heart to retreat. Nurhaci angrily rebuked the crowd, and led his brother Murhazi and two close attendants to the enemy position, shooting more than twenty enemy troops. Zhe Chenbu had never seen such a lifeless madman, and was frightened and fled.
It is said that the horizontal are afraid of Len, and those who are afraid of not dying. Nurhaci said in practical action that if I don't want to die, the other side only seeks self-preservation, even if the enemy is outnumbered, it is just a tiger into the flock. With this spirit of immortality, Nurhaci successfully opened up a world in the northeast, gradually annexed the Zhechen department and the Completed Yan department, and spent five years to complete the conquest of the tribes of Jianzhou.
But to tell the truth, Nurhaci at this time was only a small fight. During the same period, the Ming government could also fight two major battles at the same time. First, 40,000 people were sent to follow Li Chengliang's son Li Rusong into the Korean War to help the feudal state resist the invading Japan; soon after, the Tusi Rebellion occurred in the southern Guizhou region, which was dangerous and powerful, and the Ming government had to mobilize the strength of eight provinces to encircle and suppress it. At this time, Daming was still a behemoth that Nurhaci could not imagine.
But it was also these battles that weakened the defenses on the Ming border and gave Nurhaci room to grow.
Unification, the founding of the country, is called the Great Khan
In the forty years of the Wanli Calendar (1611), using the means of long-distance and close attacks, Nurhaci gradually attacked the Jurchens of Haixi, leaving only the powerful Yehe and Ulabu to survive. The following year, Nurhaci extended his claws to the Urab. Ulla was completely unable to resist Nurhaci's attack, and the leader Buzhantai was spared and fled to Yehebu on his own. Nurhaci officially took over the power of the Urab.
Just when Nurhaci wanted to do something to Yehebu with a single blow, Daming, who had been sleeping for a long time, finally spoke up and prepared to shelter Yehebu and prevent Nurhaci's Jianzhou Jurchen family from being dominant. Nurhaci did not dare to be idle, immediately led the troops to retreat, and also specially wrote a letter to the Ming government (cunning), explaining the cause and effect of the war, and said that there was no contradiction with Daming. The governor of Jiliao at the time believed it to be true and reported to the superior that Nurhaci was very obedient and obedient.
The obedient Nurhaci returned to Jianzhou and fell into deep thought.
Today, he has a lot of wings and has a fairly good military strength. At that time, Daming was engaged in fierce internal party struggle, and Daming's strength was greatly weakened.
Most importantly, today's statehood has reached a bottleneck, and to continue the next step of development, it is necessary to cross the boundaries set by Daming.
Nurhaci looked to the south, thinking back to the ups and downs of the past thirty years, and wondering if he remembered the endless fear in Li Chengliang's army. Perhaps his fear is even worse now than he was then.
He has grown up and is in the limelight in Liaodong. But it is also when I grow up that I realize more clearly the gap between myself and Daming. It was so difficult to deal with the internal household affairs of the Jurchens themselves, and Daming was a dynasty that ruled the world for two hundred years. At that time, Li Rusong crossed the Yalu River and beat the Japanese army that invaded Korea to the point of losing its armor and being invincible, and he could see it all. Every night when I think of the style of the father and son, I am terrified and difficult to sleep.
As Mingyue wrote that year: "If you embark on this road, you will not be able to turn back." ”
Stand up and face Daming's sharp edge. Do you really want to stand up?
At this time, Zhang Chengyin, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, sent people to requisition land (Zhang Chengyin, the general of the Ming Dynasty, made people come to ask for land). Nurhaci received the news, pondered for a long time, remembered his dead grandfather and father, and a fire of ignorance burned in his heart.
Oh Darwin! What a humiliation to me!
Nurhaci stood up and looked at the people who had been persuaded to enter, and the fear and anger in his heart were suppressed to the peak.
Let's go.
In 1616, the forty-fourth year of the Ming Dynasty, Nurhaci took the throne at Hetuala (present-day Fushun Xinbin County, Liaoning), Jianyuan Mandate of Heaven, and fixed the name of the country as Jin, known in history as Houjin. Ding four Baylor, five ministers, and listen to the affairs of the country.
In the three years of the Mandate of Heaven, the commanding officers, the Jian Junshi, the promulgation of the Law of War, the seven great hatreds of heaven, personally leading the army, the soldiers tend to be submissive, surrender their troops, and destroy their cities. Zhang Chengyin, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty, led more than 10,000 troops to pursue, and Nurhaci returned to the army to meet the battle, breaking the Ming army and killing Chengyin in battle. Class Teacher.
Daming, times have changed.
Seat Roll Liaodong
Nurhaci's seven major hatreds are easy to find on the Internet today, compared with several versions, the general meaning is to harm my grandfather, cross my territory, rob me of money, deceive my people, protect my enemies, "bullying is really bad, embarrassing feelings", can't bear it, no need to endure anymore.
Well, this is the version after summarizing and combing.
It is said that Nurhaci is familiar with the Han classics and has a high level of education. In addition to being a loyal fan of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he also ordered the translation of Chinese classics such as the "Great Ming HuiDian" and the "Three Sketches". This also became a tradition of the Manchu imperial family, and as far as the emperor was concerned, the Manchu emperors were generally of higher quality than the emperors of the Ming Dynasty.
But to be fair, Nurhaci's seven hatreds are really poorly written. The logic of his whole article is very messy, and what can be clearly seen is to complain that the Ming Dynasty favored Ye Hebu, did not move when he was bullied, and jumped out to dissuade him when he hit it back. The behavior is too bad, "The king of the great country built by heaven is the co-lord of the world, why should he complain about our country?" ”
Although the copywriting is not very good, the execution is very high-level. My own place is cold, and poverty is a word. If you want to survive and develop, you have to grab it. Nurhaci formulated the policy of feeding the war with war. In the first month of the fourth year of the Mandate of Heaven (1619), he set his sights on Ye Hebu again, personally led a large army forward, robbed more than twenty villages, and heard that the army had come before withdrawing.
Nurhaci tossed like this, the Ming Dynasty certainly could not bear it. In February, Ming arrived in Liaodong with 80,000 reinforcements, plus Ye He and the Korean army, about 100,000 people, to cut down Houjin. Yang Ho, the left attendant of the military department, sat in Shenyang and dispatched and commanded.
However, the composition of this coalition army is quite complicated, and Yang Ho's business level is not too high, and he has not been able to send troops for a long time. If you don't send troops, this army has 100,000 mouths, and the grain and pay will not keep up. Therefore, the imperial court was anxious to urge Yang Hao to march, and even the Wanli Emperor, who did not go to work every day, could not sit still and personally ordered instructions to send troops. Yang Ho had no choice but to divide his troops into four routes, approached by famous generals of different factions, and besieged the Houjin army.
Yang Ho had been engaged in it for so long, Nurhaci had already discovered the news. Your troops are divided into four roads, then I will concentrate my forces on attacking one of them. In March, the Juniper troops of the Mingxi Route Army advanced to Salhu (near the Dagangfang Reservoir in present-day Fushun, Liaoning), and without waiting for the echo of other route armies, they directly divided their troops to attack Jilin Cliff (present-day east of Fushun City, Liaoning). Nurhaci seized the opportunity to instruct reinforcements to Jilin Cliff while personally leading the Six Flags Army to attack Salhu. Juniper was caught off guard and the whole army was destroyed. After the Jin army took advantage of the victory to pursue, it broke several other Ming armies. Ye Hyuk's army fled back to the tribe in the chaos, and the Korean army surrendered on the spot.
In this battle, several ming troops were almost completely annihilated, losing 50,000 people. Hou Jin captured a large amount of military supplies and achieved the goal of feeding the war with war. The situation in Eastern Liaoning was reversed in an instant. Known in history as the Battle of Salhu.
Nurhaci drummed. In August of the same year, Nurhaci led a large army to besiege Yehebu and conquer it in one fell swoop. The Yehe chief was killed and the Yehe tribe was annexed. In the sixth year of the Mandate of Heaven, Nurhaci moved the capital to Liaoyang and put forward his own slogan of rebellion:
"There is a house to live in, there is grain to eat, and there is land to cultivate."
For a time, the wind and clouds rose and the people returned to their hearts.
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
Nurhaci's life was very bitter, he lost his grandfather and father when he was young, and the enemy was in front of him, but he had to endure it. The only property in hand is only the thirteen pairs of armor left by the ancestors. In this way, Nurhaci, with his perseverance, wisdom, courage and perseverance, stepped step by step to the position of the Later Jin Khan.
At the age of twenty-five, he started almost from scratch, step by step, and the traces of each step were clearly visible. At the age of fifty-seven, Nurhaci unified the Jurchens, established the Jin Dynasty, and swept through Liaodong, almost no one could stop it.
Jin Guonian's name "Mandate of Heaven", in his heart, is this the Mandate of Heaven? No, everyone knows very well that this is not destiny, this is man-made. Those who have aspirations, the matter is accomplished, and it seems so appropriate to put it on Nurhaci, who started from scratch.