Culture is the product of the times, adhering to the position of Chinese culture and constantly casting the glory of Chinese culture is the responsibility entrusted by history to generations. For thousands of years, in the process of long-term social activities and production and labor, Lejiazhuang people have created the ancient civilization of Lejia and formed an ancient culture with the characteristics of the times, that is, temple culture and filial piety culture.
1. Temple culture
Temples are a cultural feature of feudal society for thousands of years, and they are temples where people worship heroes and ascend to idols to form a shrine.
Since ancient times, the people of Lejiazhuang have revered our great mother, Jiang Yuan, who raised the Shennong clan to benefit the society, called the Virgin Mother. The honored one is guan gong who is not mu Houlu, who travels thousands of miles to find the loyal and benevolent brother Liu Bei, who has no foothold. The revered is the hand-to-hand medical saint Sun Simiao. A temple was built for them and a golden body was sculpted. The old village has the Temple of our Lady of The Virgin, the Temple of the Yaowang, and the Temple of Guandi.
According to legend, in the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, there were mountain gods and road temples built in the east of Lejiahou Village. The villagers prayed to the mountain god to protect the living beings. In the west of the village, there are medicine kings, horse kings, and land temples to protect people and livestock in all seasons. Incense is burned every day, and the moon is worshipped. During the Ming Dynasty, the new city of Lejiahou Village was completed, and in the following year, the two temples in the east and west of the village were merged into one, and the statue of the five piers was placed in one, and the villagers called the Five Temples (Small Temple). The temple is two feet wide, five feet deep, and one and two feet high. Temple roof ridge, cloud walking beast, four corners and eight directions, planting flags, giant support purlins, eaves buckets, blue brick squares, wearing boots and hats. On the left side of the façade, an crane spreads its wings, and on the right is a peacock open screen window. Painted purlins with elegant patterns. The murals on both sides of the temple praise the chivalrous heroes of the world, lash out at the villains, and commit adultery and chaos in the country. Its frescoes come to life. The five idols are dignified and dignified. In the middle sits the medicine king, the mountain and road gods on both sides, the horse king fury on the left, and the land xing on the right. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in the west of the Five Dun Gods, a portrait of the city emperor was placed. Pious men and women who called the soul of the father and the disaster of the mother all prostrated themselves before the emperor of the city.
There are huge soap horn trees in the southeast of the temple, which shade the temple gate, which is a landscape. It is known as the umbrella of all peoples. Every year on July 12 is a traditional temple fair, the temple is full of cigarettes, day and night, and the flow of people near and far is endless.
This is where people gather all year round. In the spring morning, the villagers talk about the New Year under the trees, wielding knives and sticks, full of life. In summer, the villagers cooled under the trees, talked about the past and the present, and laughed loudly. In autumn, the villagers tell the joy of the harvest under the tree, send each other blessings, and care for each other. On winter nights, villagers play music under trees, talk about state affairs, and talk about Chinese and foreign news. In the past, whenever the rain was scarce, the instruction to take the rain was initiated from here, and adults and children wore willow branches on their heads, wore cloaks, and drums and drums, and looked up to the sky to pray for rain. The incense is poured out, and the grace of God is sincerely repaid.
Every July 7th, ask the seventh sister to ask about everything. It is inevitable to put incense cases in front of the temple, make virgin boys and girls, send out Sven, and shout for days: Seven sisters and seven sisters Hi, hi, the flowers on the plane tree blossom, the flowers bloom, the trees swing again, put my seven sisters down, I send spicy seeds to the seven sisters, the seven sisters sew socks for me...
In 1952, during the campaign to emancipate the mind and break superstition, the five gods of the five temples were smashed, but the temple body still existed, and it was later used as a storage room for the production team. In 1967, the Five Temples were demolished as materials for the construction of Shuangle Primary School.
The Five Temples survived in their homeland for more than 500 years, and they are still remembered to this day.
Our Lady of The Lady Temple: Built in the light years of the Great Qing Dynasty, the temple body is majestic, the four corners are planted with flags, the temple ridge is flying birds and animals, the temple surface is carved with flowers and screens, the inner wall is surrounded by murals, and the myths and legends are all in sight.
The Virgin Mother, the three gods of the three nights, the warm pavilion, presents a hundred flowers treasure tent, and the yellow robe is added to the body. Offerings of tribute fruit, cigarette smoke. The sound of chimes is loud, good men and women chanting Buddhist sutras, and there is noise day and night. Those who lack heirs beg for children and daughters; those who are unlucky in bad luck ask for alms; those who are sick and sick hope for God's blessings. precisely:
The holy temple was inaugurated on the side of the road,
I hope that everyone is safe.
Locate the Bagua Qiankun,
Children and grandchildren are born.
In the thirty-one year of the Republic of China (1942), Wen Yushan served as the director of the Fufeng County Public Security Bureau, and the three holy mothers of Wenle Jiahou Village, the temple was tall, the wood was excellent, and the temple of the village virgin niangniang was forcibly demolished.
Guandi Temple: During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the Former Lejiazhuang built the Guandi Temple in the east of the ancient city of Lejiaqian Village, with carved beams and paintings, and the momentum is magnificent. Guan Laoye's red face, black and green robes, sitting in the warm pavilion, holding the Spring and Autumn, accompanied by the golden boy and jade girl. The gongs and golden drums, the sound of the chimes are loud, and the scene of the prosperous year is displayed. Good men and women, worship the Supreme.
In 1953, the idol was demolished and the temple was used as a school classroom.
In the fifteenth year of the Republic of China, lejiahou village built the Guandi Temple, the day of the completion of the temple, coincided with the Jiazi, the whole village was festive, the light bloomed in the middle of summer, playing with lions, running dry boats, and invited to Xi'an Yi Folk Society to sing for three consecutive days. There is an endless stream of people who come to worship the gods. In 1953, the Guandi Temple was demolished for the purpose of repairing the school.
Temple culture, since Zhou Yi handed over soldiers and beheaded the gods, has been the mainstream culture of the Chinese nation, the family sacrifices the six gods, the temple worships the gods of all sides, and is passed down from generation to generation. It is an ancient national cultural characteristic.
2. Filial piety culture
Filial piety comes first, and the filial piety culture symbolized by the Zhenjie Arch is broad and profound.
1. Zhenjie Arch: It was built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and was built by Li Faqian and Li Fakun, the village gongsheng, for the kindness of the ancestors and the mother's Qi Cao.
During the Kangxi Dynasty, the two brothers Li Faqian and Li Fakun studied at the Duoxian Academy (Feifengshan Banma Ancestral Hall) in Fufeng County, and both received tribute and enjoyed a high reputation in the Fufeng region. In the fifty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, his mother died, and for his cousin Mother Lan Shi learned mengmu, Yan Dunzi, three from the four virtues of the Gao Feng Liang Festival in the village two hundred meters away from the ancient Zhou Yuantong Fufeng County Road next to the Zhenjie Archway to show the descendants. The archway is eight feet high, one foot wide and two feet wide, standing four pillars, through three lanes, the middle road is six feet wide, the side road is three feet wide, and the four pillars are about five feet in front and back with pier stones, in the shape of two drums, the middle is carved with flowers and bamboo, and the sides are bulging and smooth. The four pillars are rectangular in shape at eight feet square, with stone strips on the square, plaques on the strips, stone squares on the plaques, and stacked stone purlins on the plaques, in the shape of a tiger holding its head. The low plaque on both sides of the archway is in the shape of a roof, the eaves are carved with floating clouds, the corners are hung with brass bells, the archway is engraved with four big characters of "One Door Festival", the Kangxi Hand Emperor is signed on the side, the plaque on the left side is the Kangxi Year of the Qing Dynasty, the right side of the plaque of the Kangxi Ding Younian (Kangxi Fifty-fourth Year) is written in gongsheng Faqian and Fakun, the plaque is placed on the side of the plaque textured with a textured pen, Zhang Mu solemnly, the two pillars of the middle road, and the inscription on the top is a calligraphy:
Feng Gong looks up to the sun and moon and the brilliance of chang zhao Hou Kun
Dade bowed down to the heavens and the earth purple qi frequently approached Sangzi
Archway to Nantong Lejiahou Village Li surname ancestor tomb, Yingdao on both sides of the standing stone people stone horses, the north of the archway next to the ancient road, placed on the horse stone pier, the stone in the shape of a monkey holding head, for passers-by to stop and get on the horse. The tomb is full of cypress branches, which is actually a landscape in the west of Fufeng County.
According to legend, in the autumn of the Tongzhi Chen of the Great Qing Dynasty, some people spread the legend that the stone horse of the archway became a golden horse, the children during the day at noon common graves have a golden pony running, the people of the village can hear the sound of the golden horse whining in the middle of the night, and soon after, the news came out, the stone horse was stolen, only the archway remained, showing its own style, passing pedestrians must bow down when they get off the horse, and the gentleman who sits in the car must be rewarded, and the territory of the West House is praised.
In the autumn of the Qing Dynasty, the spear entered the village to loot the archway stele was destroyed, the copper bell was removed, the decorations were smashed, only the building remained, and before the Cultural Revolution, people could still see the half-wall landscape of the archway. In 1966, during the Cultural Revolution, at the climax of breaking the four old and establishing four new ones, the Zhenjie Arch was demolished and the ancient civilization of Lejia ceased to exist. The Lejia Arch has survived on the homeland of his hometown for 252 years.
2. Lejia Ancestral Hall: There are three ancestral halls in Lejiazhuang before and after. There are five ancestral halls and seven ancestral halls in the former Lejiazhuang. Houle Jiazhuang built a Li Clan Ancestral Hall why it is called the Five Family Association and the Seven Family Association, and the former Lejiazhuang Village Old Li Cang and Li Wenbin have never been conclusive before they were born. In 2007, Li Shirong, secretary of the Party Committee of the Fourth Survey and Design Institute of the former Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, led a group of seven of us to Shanxi To look for roots and worship ancestors, and went through the history of eighteen migrations in the fifty years from the beginning of Ming Hongwu to the fifty years after Ming Chengzu and the relevant regulations of immigration: eight brothers went out of three households, five brothers went out of two families, brothers had four or three out of one family, and the single did not move the two elders and the two elders did not move, which is probably from the inheritance system of the eldest son of the Zhou Gong and the way of Kong Meng. According to the data, the childcare was asked to take the female family out. Then the former Five Families and Seven Families of Lejiazhuang moved into this village by the Old Five Families and the Old Seven Families, so they were called the Five Families and the Seven Families, that is, the Li surnamed people of different branches of the same sect. From the location of the ancestral hall, the Ancestral Hall of the Seven Families is earlier than the Five Families, which is a Ming Dynasty building with magnificent architecture and the ancestral tablets; the Ancestral Hall of the Five Families is late, built 200 meters south of the village outside the city, and was built during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. The ancestral hall of the Seven Houses was destroyed in 1958, and the ancestral halls of the Five Houses still exist today and are occasionally offered to the ancestors every year.
Li Clan Ancestral Hall: The Li Clan Ancestral Hall in Lejiahou Village was built after the completion of the village wall during the Ming Dynasty, and the ancestral plaque was built in the city, and the ancestral plaque was erected in the city. During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the ancestral hall fell into disrepair and was relocated to the southwest of the city seven meters away from the city gate tower. In the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, a Xianfeng temple was built in the upper hall for nine years to increase the lower hall, and the upper hall has been destroyed and the lower hall still exists. The ancestral hall covers an area of twelve meters long and four meters wide, surrounded by a high wall, wearing boots and hats, covering the wall, the two halls in the temple face each other from north to south, the upper hall is dedicated to the ancestors, and the lower hall is the place where the family members discuss and mislead.
Upper temple: The ridge of the temple is two dragon happy beads, the flowers are matched by clouds, and the shape of soaring, the four corners of the crane and beast at both ends are inserted, and the glazed cylinder tiles are inlaid around. The front of the main hall, thick pillar square piers, buckets and poles, two sides of the wall wearing boots and hats, outstanding knife workmanship, four Bagua doors opened in the face, side peacock wing windows, fine carving, two inside the hall, work brush paintings, vivid.
The ancestral hall has been built for several years, and there are famous people in the square garden, and the audience praises the ancestral hall.
The lower temple is opposite to the upper temple, and its majesty is comparable to that of the upper temple. The temple ridge is solid and mighty, the clouds do not float but overflow, the two are painted, the color is bright and inky, it seems that people's imagination of nature in ancient times was fully seen.
In the middle of the upper and lower halls, the brick pavement is paved, and the bamboo forests on both sides are lush, like a pavilion painting.
During the Kangxi Dynasty, the upper hall was completed, and there were FaQian FaKun and other village elders who re-represented the ancestors, depicted portraits, wrote family trees, set up desks, and made sacrifice vessels to promote the Li clan. During the Xianfeng period, the ancestral case broke the heavy table of the people, painted the heads of the Qing Dynasty, and painted the case on both sides, depicting twenty-four filial piety figures. Rebuild the desk, add a number of altars, and every night Chinese New Year's Eve, the people in the room gather to kowtow and burn incense before the ancestral case, lay wine on the table, say homely, charcoal fire, warm as spring, everyone rejoices. Worshiping the ancestors on the first day of the New Year is even more imposing, the gongs and drums are noisy, the clan worships the ancestors, the Li people, wearing robes, wearing lining hats, wearing cotton shoes on their feet, holding children in their hands, in the ancestral hall, burning incense, the clan house people to the Qi patriarch's order, lined up in a line to worship the ancestors. It is exactly: the young and strong crowded the courtyard full of lively Qi Chaozong, and the old and young huddled together to respectfully worship the ancestors. First worship the ancestors, and then divide into four rooms to worship the patriarch, civilized etiquette, passed down from generation to generation. It ceased in 1964.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Tan Shaoqiu of Fufengzhi County established a higher primary school in Fufeng County to implement the system of decoction and class teaching, which set a precedent for the abolition of science and technology in our county, which had a great impact. Therefore, the Ancestral Hall Council temporarily used the Lee Ancestral Hall for the purpose of running a school, and recruited students from the village and surrounding villages to study cultural classes.
After liberation, the people's government officially opened a school at the Li Ancestral Hall, and the ancestral hall was incorporated into the school property.
In 1966, in the process of breaking the four old and establishing the four new, the genealogy of the ancestral case was destroyed, and the civilization of the ancestors of the past no longer existed.
In 1986, the spring breeze of reform and opening up blew all over the motherland, and the wind of civilization and righteousness flourished, and some village elders Li Wenhan, Li Xinqian, and others advocated reviving the old style of sacrifice, cousin case, and worship of ancestors to greatly promote filial piety, and restore the former liveliness. After intensive preparations, the family tree of the New Year's Day praised the good daughter-in-law of the village. Playing with lions, running dry boats, playing gongs and drums, the villagers are all happy. In that year, the Shaanxi Peasants' Daily made a report entitled ." The old men are really doing, and the double civilization activities are pioneering", which commends the lejia people's love of life and the promotion of traditional culture.
About the Author
Li Zhimin, male, born in August 1944. He is a member of the Communist Party of China, a highly Chinese, and a teacher at the middle school level. Former mathematics teacher and researcher of the teaching and research department of the Fufeng County Education Bureau, supervisor, retired as the principal of Shaanxi Provincial Opera Art Vocational School. The main partial Fufeng County Lejiahou village chronicle. He is currently the head of the CPPCC group of Chengguan Subdistrict in Fufeng County; the deputy secretary of the Fucheng Xilaogan Party Branch; and the head of the Fucheng Xilaogan Performing Arts Troupe.