At the Zunyi conference, four people who played an important role in promoting it: Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou Enlai, Wang Jiaxiang, and Zhang Wentian, and Zhang Wentian was particularly critical. From the convening of the Zunyi conference to the implementation, Zhang Wentian has played an important role.
It is often said that the Zunyi Conference saved the Red Army and the Party, but in some respects it can be said that Chairman Mao, together with Zhang Wentian and other comrades, successfully promoted the holding of the Discipline Inspection Conference and saved all this and established this special honor. Zhang Wentian was the first protagonist to promote the successful convening and implementation of the Zunyi Conference.
So, what happened to Zhang Wentian, who contributed to the successful convening of the Zunyi Conference in 1935?
Zhang Wentian
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" was elected as general secretary > zunyi meeting and received supreme command</h1>
Born in Shanghai, Zhang Wentian studied a lot in exploring the road to saving the country and the people in his youth, published countless articles, and translated several foreign masterpieces.
Many of Zhang Wentian's articles and works played an important role at that time, and he used his unique insights and theories to promote new ideas, which also gave him a higher political ideology and excellent insight in his continuous study.
At the Second National Congress of the Chinese Soviets on January 21, 1934, Chairman Mao was elected Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic, and Chairman Mao's original position as Chairman of the People's Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic was continued by Zhang Wentian.
In some special periods, Zhang Wentian had some work contacts with Chairman Mao through a period of work, and he sincerely admired Chairman Mao's style of seeking truth from facts. On August 1, 1934, after Ruijin was bombed by the enemy, Zhang Wentian and Mao Zedong's residences were moved out of their original places, and the two temporarily lived in the west of Ruijin City and became neighbors.
In the process of getting along day and night, they all learned more about each other, Zhang Wentian's thinking changed greatly, and he learned a lot of knowledge from Chairman Mao, which also had a profound impact on him.
After the Start of the Long March, he lived with Mao Zedong and Wang Jiaxiang, and the three of them marched all the way to discuss lessons and analyze the main points of mistakes about command. Zhang Wentian also mentioned in the article that this period of work and getting along laid the foundation for the great victory of the Zunyi Conference.
At the meeting, his opinions expressed the correct military line with Chairman Mao, the military line of decisive battle and defense, which was widely supported, and chairman Mao was elected as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and Zhang Wentian was elected as general secretary. All this also laid the foundation for the success of the correct military line of the Party and the Red Army.
In February 1935, the central column of the Red Army marched to the "Three Provinces of Jiming", where Zhang Wentian was elected by the central authorities.
After the second capture of Zunyi, Zhang Wentian, who had assumed overall responsibility for the CPC Central Committee, proposed that Mao Zedong be the commander-in-chief of the former enemy. Later, Zhang Wentian adopted Mao Zedong's opinion and formed the "Three Personnel Leading Group" of Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, and Wang Jiaxiang to command the military, making Mao Zedong the de facto military commander of the Central Red Army.
After that, Zhang Wentian worked closely with Mao Zedong to defeat escapism and separatism and win the great victory of the Long March.
Zhang Wentian was very humble when talking about the merits of the Zunyi Conference, insisting that the merits of the meeting belonged to Chairman Mao and should not belong to him. He respected Chairman Mao and consulted with Chairman Mao in everything, which aroused dissent, saying that he should not always run along.
He smiled and said frankly, "Whoever holds the truth in his hands will go with whomever he wants." Zhang Wentian took the lead in supporting Chairman Mao and promoting the realization of the great turning point in the history of the Party and the military turning point of the Long March, and he played an indelible and important role in the Zunyi Conference, which was a turning point in China at that time, and Zhang Wentian was one of the important impetus for drawing this point.
With him, he had everything to follow, and Zhang Wentian was outstanding.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhang Wentian after the Zunyi conference</h1>
In the years after the Zunyi Conference, the meetings held by the Party Central Committee were all convened and presided over by Zhang Wentian. According to statistics, as many as 137 times before and after. Before 1938, Zhang Wentian convened and presided over the Central Committee.
It should also be pointed out that when Zhang Wentian was general secretary, he was the only one who was able to convene central meetings, some of which also made decisions on important political or organizational issues.
In the three or four years since the Zunyi conference, it was General Secretary Zhang Wentian who represented the Party Central Committee in contacting and handling major organizational issues with various quarters. At that time, the important organizational relations and organizational issues were all managed and handled by Zhang Wentian in the name of the Secretariat of the Central Committee or in his capacity as general secretary.
In the years following the Zunyi Conference, China was at a turning point in the revolution, from the victorious meeting of the Long March to the great strategic changes in the Civil War to the War of Resistance Against Japan. Due to the relatively strict system of collective leadership and division of labor responsibility system at that time, Zhang Wentian completed the drafting of all reports and resolutions related to the general political situation and strategic approach.
Zhang Wentian, together with Mao Zedong and others, led the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Red Army into Wuqi Town on October 19, 1935. After the famous Battle of Zhiluo, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed through Anse to reach Wa Yao Fort.
Zhang Wentian lived in Wayao Fort for more than seven months. During this period, he presided over the meetings of the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee on many occasions, and drafted the "Resolution of the CPC on the Current Political Situation and the Party's Tasks" here. And during these days, Zhang Wentian and Liu Ying became revolutionary partners, and the two fell in love for many years.
On December 12, 1936, a major historical event in China, the Xi'an Incident, broke out. The day after the incident, Zhang Wentian presided over an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to discuss the policy of dealing with and handling the Xi'an Incident.
At a time when history was at a critical juncture, Zhang Wentian presided over an enlarged meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee, pointed out the many aspects and problems in the six days since the incident occurred, and proposed that our policy should be adjusted and "more progressive" than before.
The Xi'an Incident was resolved peacefully in a state of flurry, a civil war that plagued the land of China was averted, and a nationwide War of Resistance Against Japan was about to break out.
In the constant aggression of the Japanese army, the two parties began to unite the front, and Zhang Wentian immediately convened a meeting of the secretariat and decided that the main force of the Red Army would be rapidly reorganized in Sanyuan and organized into three divisions, with a general headquarters on it, with Zhu De as the commander-in-chief and Peng Dehuai as the deputy commander-in-chief.
On these issues of fundamental line and policy, Zhang Wentian resisted strategically and decisively, repeatedly stressing that in the united front, "the independence of the party" must be maintained, and that the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army must "preserve the party's leadership, and Zhang Wentian must always firmly grasp the direction of the party and play an important role."
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CPC shifted its strategic focus to the northeast, and Zhang Wentian took the initiative to request to work in the northeast, holding a number of posts successively and making contributions to the opening up and construction of the base areas in the northeast.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was appointed chief representative of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations, but due to the obstruction of the United States and other Western countries, China did not regain its legal seat in the United Nations until 1971, so he did not perform his duties. Later, he served as ambassador to the Soviet Union and executive deputy minister of foreign affairs, making important contributions to the diplomacy of new China.
Zhang Wentian rebuked himself very strictly, obeyed the truth, and was happy when he smelled it, and was admired by his comrades. People who have worked with him have said that Zhang Wentian is a very modest person, does not put up a shelf, is willing to listen to all kinds of opinions, and gives different views. Zhang Wentian has been serving as general secretary since the Zunyi conference, handling and resolving a number of issues and delivering many speeches.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhang Wentian in his later years</h1>
As the leader of the country in the early days of our country, Zhang Wentian knew that there were not many people who knew him, and like most heroes, his old age was no longer as full of vigor and vitality as when he was young. He had experienced poverty and illness, but none of this had brought him down or worn away his spirit.
In Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, Zhang Wentian lived there for six years, and at the beginning, Zhang Wentian changed his name to Zhang Pu, saying that since he was an ordinary person, he would be called Zhang Pu.
In the days of "seclusion" in Zhaoqing, Zhang Wentian and his wife had almost no financial resources and lived a very hard life. During his years in Zhaoqing, despite all the difficulties, he never forgot the original intention of the communists, always remained loyal to the communist belief, and longed to continue to work for the party and the people in his lifetime.
On October 31, 1969, Zhang Wentian came to Zhaoqing to live in a bungalow in the dormitory area of the Zhaoqing Military Sub-district cadres on the outskirts of the city, and when Zhang Wentian left Beijing with only two large boxes of books and simple luggage. Since there was no source of salary for a long time, the couple could only temporarily borrow living expenses from the Zhaoqing Military Sub-district.
During his stay in Zhaoqing, although he experienced many difficulties, he did not forget that he was a party member, did not forget the original intention and mission of the communists, and always maintained the excellent traditional style of communists, which made people deeply moved. Diligence and simplicity are Zhang Wentian's consistent style of life. He is plainly dressed, and even if he is broken, he always sews it and continues to wear it.
In Zhaoqing, their family's meals are always simple. Green vegetables and tofu are the most commonly eaten by them. He liked to eat fish, but he was never willing to buy it. Buy fish every half a month or even once a month. His furniture is also very simple, there is very little furniture, the only two pieces are made by himself, and you can't find any other decent big furniture when you look around.
Zhang Wentian saved a sum of money, but he did not leave this money to his relatives, but selflessly dedicated it to the cause of the party and the people. In March 1973, he was sent to the Guangzhou General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Region for medical treatment due to illness, and the doctor considered that he was not in good health and his teeth were not good in his old age, so he asked the hospital canteen to make some meals for him that were easy to eat and digest.
But he repeatedly said that he did not want to engage in specialization, and he would eat the same as other patients. During his time in Zhaoqing, due to his serious illness, he never went too far when walking, because once he was a little farther, he did not have the strength to go back.
Whenever this time came, the guard soldier who accompanied him on a walk offered to ask the city to send him back by car, but he always said that the city committee should be busy with work, could not trouble others, and really could not walk, so he paid for the tricycle to go back.
Zhang Wentian was very weak due to his long-term diligence and thrift during his time in Zhaoqing.
But he never considered personal gains and losses, nor did he forget his original intention as a communist; he established the lofty ideal of communism and struggled all his life for it, always keeping in mind the future of the country and the destiny of the people, looking forward to the improvement of the situation, the motherland recovering its vitality as soon as possible, and being able to do the work within his power for the party and the people.
He wrote hundreds of thousands of words of notes and articles during his time in Zhaoqing.
At that time, Zhang Wentian's eyesight was very poor, the corrected vision was only 0.2, he wrote tirelessly every day, regardless of the risk, his thoughts sublimated through long-term observation and thinking in his later years were formed into words, leaving a batch of precious "Zhaoqing manuscripts" for posterity, and also wrote the most glorious chapter for his suffering old age.
In 1975, Zhang Wentian's physical condition was getting worse and worse. After receiving the approval of the central government, Zhang Wentian's family went to Wuxi to recuperate for Zhang Wentian in Wuxi. Zhang Wentian's granddaughter Zhang Xiujun traveled to Wuxi 4 times to visit her grandfather.
She recalled that around 1976, Zhang Wentian's health was already very bad, and he could no longer hold the book, so he could only cut the thick book into a small book and read it, insisting on learning. After Zhang Wentian arrived in Wuxi, he still used the name Zhang Pu and often waddled outside to observe the people's feelings.
The vegetable market was his most frequented place, and those ordinary people could not have imagined that this old man, whom he often met, was once one of the most important leaders of our party.
On July 1, 1976, Zhang Wentian passed away. When he was in Wuxi, he arranged the aftermath for himself, saying that it was an aftermath, but in fact, he thought more about the party and the people. He told his wife that he had agreed that after the death of the two men, they would pay all their savings to the party dues.
Zhang Wentian died on July 1, 1976, a day that coincided with the 55th anniversary of the founding of the party.
On August 25, 1979, a memorial service for Zhang Wentian, presided over by Chen Yun and delivered a eulogy by Deng Xiaoping, was held in the Great Hall of the People, in which Deng Xiaoping solemnly praised Zhang Wentian's life's achievements and all his contributions to the party, and called on the whole party to learn from his quality of obedience to the truth, regardless of personal strong party spirit.
In his eulogy on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, Deng Xiaoping affirmed that Zhang Wentian was an outstanding member of the Communist Party and an important leader of our Party for a considerable period of time.
At the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China on July 1, 1981, Zhang Wentian's name was included among the outstanding party leaders who, together with Mao Zedong, made important contributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution and to the formation and development of Mao Zedong Thought.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > summary</h1>
He always believed in the truth, and saw the whole picture of fate one step ahead of us, and sometimes the truth, which was obscured by dark clouds, was difficult to gain trust.
Zhang Wentian selflessly dedicated his life to the party and the people, and he was full of righteousness and a clean wind in his sleeves. Political firmness is inseparable from honesty in life. What is particularly valuable is that as a high-level leader of the party, he has always been able to discipline himself strictly.
Zhang Wentian dedicated his life to the party and the motherland, to seek happiness for the Chinese and the people, and to seek rejuvenation for the Chinese nation; even in the extremely difficult environment of his later years, he never forgot his original intention and kept his mission firmly in mind, which is a brilliant example of communists keeping their original intentions and undertaking their missions.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > literature:</h1>
"Centennial Tide" 2020.6 Zhang Wentian's life course
"Source Stream" 2019.12 Zhang Wentian's touching deeds in Zhaoqing