Zang Kejia's poem "Some People" is a rare good poem, whether judged by its ideology or from the perspective of artistry and the social influence of its works.
A good literary work always evaluates its good or bad, good or bad, high or low, and literary field from three aspects. The same is true of poetry. These three aspects are:
First, it is necessary to see whether the ideological content of the work is progressive and correct;
Second, it depends on whether the art form of the work is perfect.
Third, it is necessary to see whether the works can withstand the test of the times and the recognition and love of the broadest masses of the people.
I think Zang Kejia's "Some People" is a classic in China's new style poems.
The famous poet Zang Kejia
"Some People"
——Commemorating Lu Xun has a feeling
Author: Zang Kejia
Some people live
He's dead;
Some people died
He's alive.
Some people
Ride on the heads of the people:
"Oh, how great I am!"
Lean down and be a cow and horse for the people.
Carved names into stone, wanting to be "immortal";
Willing to be weeds,
Wait for the fire underground.
He lives and others cannot live;
He lives for the betterment of the majority.
Riding on the heads of the people
The people broke him;
Give the people cattle and horses
The people will always remember him!
Carved the name into the stone
Names decay earlier than corpses;
Just where the spring breeze blows
Everywhere is green weeds.
He is a man who cannot live if he lives,
He can see;
He lives for the majority
Better alive people,
The crowd lifted him up very high, very high.
——November 1, 1949 in Zang Kejia, Beijing.
In terms of ideological content, he is not only commemorating Mr. Lu Xun, but in essence, this poem has great typicality. In a contrasting way, he praised the heroes of ancient and modern China and abroad who stood together with the people and conformed to the trend of historical progress and development. The lashing exposes the reactionaries who stand against the masses of the people and move against the tide of history, who, although "alive", are actually dead; and the progressive heroes of the revolution who stand with the people, although they are still alive, live forever in the hearts of the masses of the people.
Some people say that this poem is a "poem of saliva", please see the following picture:
I don't think that's objective. This poem has all the artistic characteristics of poetry and is discussed below.
1. The poem rhymes. Rhyme is one of the most essential features of the literary genre of poetry.
Please carefully read the rhyme foot of the whole poem, it is not a rhyme to the end but a change of rhyme foot, its rhyme foot order is: there is "e" rhyme (on, on), there is "a" rhyme (big, horse), there is "ou" rhyme (head, decay), there is "ao" rhyme (grass, burn), there is "uo" rhyme (live, live), there is "a" rhyme (collapse, he), there is "ao" rhyme (morning, grass, to, high).
2. This poem is short in length, and condenses a typical image of a typical social reality with a typical meaning in a condensed, vivid and vivid language. This is the second characteristic of the literary genre of poetry.
The poem begins with a highly summarized social phenomenon in very concise words:
Four short sentences directly hit the people of the two ways of living in the reality of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign societies. Highly generalizable.
The former sentence refers to those who ride on the heads of the people as a blessing, but only live in the shell, walking dead, but life is worthless; the latter sentence refers to those who have lived all their lives for the people and are willing to be cattle and horses for the people, although the life of such people no longer exists, but their thoughts and spirits will always reside in the world, although they are still alive.
3. This poem is very short, but it has the ability of poetry to show a very "pregnant" (Lessing) social beings in a very concise context, thus constructing a unique artistic scene, one by one to meet your eyes to make people think, endless fun.
Like what:
Here the poet's few words paint a picture of social life with contrasting characteristics. Poetry is different from the practical style, it uses figurative thinking to express the poet's views on different views of life and death.
4. Ancient People's Cloud: "Poetry is clumsy in one word", this phrase comes from the Song Dynasty literary theorist Hu Zai's "Yuyin Cong Dialect of Cangxi", this poem pays great attention to the alchemy of words.
For example: "Riding": vividly showing the reactionaries oppressing the people and acting as a blessing in disguise. Another example is: "Falling Down": The people want to overthrow the reactionaries, overthrow the reactionaries, and concentrate hatred and strength on a single word "fall", and "collapse" as a result vividly shows the shameful and inevitable fate of the reactionaries. Then there is "rotten earlier": figuratively writing that reactionaries and corrupt officials want to be famous for eternity but have been left behind for thousands of years.
5. Poetry It needs to be more emotional and exciting.
The ancients cloud "touching people, Mo Xianhu sentimental." Lu Xun also said that literary creation always has to be: "There is a clear right and wrong, there is a warm likes and dislikes." "Reading through the whole poem, the poet has a distinct love and hatred for two different people.
6. Poetry is subtle. Poetry cannot be spoken as directly as prose or fiction genres. This is how the poem has this feature.
Although the poem is written in memory of Mr. Lu Xun, when you read every sentence in the poem and taste every picture, you will feel that it is not only writing About Lu Xun alone, but also highly summarizes the two views of life, life and death and values in ancient and modern China and abroad. Each of its pictures is like a beautiful painting that can make the viewer travel endlessly, it is more like eating olives, the more chewed the more flavorful, in the taste of the poetry language outside the surface contained in the "elephant outside the image, the scenery outside the scene" (Sikong Tu language), "sound outside the sound" (Song Ren Fan Wen's "Qianxi Poetry Eye") and "taste outside the taste" (Yang Wanli's "Xi Zhai Discourse Lecture Notes") contained outside the surface of the poetry language.
For example, let's read the picture shown in the following sentences:
"Some people ride on the heads of the people:
"Oh, how great I am!"
Some people lean down to be cattle and horses for the people. ”
In these four sentences, "bend down to be a cow and horse for the people" evolved from Lu Xun's "self-deprecating" in "horizontal eyebrows cold to a thousand fingers, bowing down to be a widow cow", we will think of Mr. Lu Xun's life.
But when you combine the previous sentence: "Ride on the heads of the people: "Oh, how great I am!" When you taste it together, you will think of the ugly faces of all the people in ancient and modern China and abroad who ride on the heads of the people and make a blessing in disguise, and who profess to be "great"; at the same time, you will think of all the outstanding figures who "bent down to serve the people as cattle and horses", such as Chairman Mao who devoted himself to serving the people, Premier Zhou, who bowed down to death and died, and Jiao Yulu, who devoted himself to serving the people.
Bow down to death and then have been beloved Premier Zhou
These "images outside the image, scenery outside the scene", "sound outside the sound", "taste outside the taste" contained in the surface of the language are exactly the implicit beauty that this poem gives us, that is, Liu Xun said that "the heavy purpose outside the text." ”
7. Poetry creation requires writing skills. The writing technique of this poem is usually most clearly recognized
Artistic technique of contrast. I thought that in addition to contrasting this technique, this poem has a rare technique that he said: "Poetry is based on strangeness, and abnormal conformity is fun." ”
Su Shi said, "Abnormal Harmony is Fun" He said: "Poetry is based on strange fun, and abnormal harmony is fun." ”
The so-called abnormal way is beyond the norm and reasonable. In short, abnormality is to violate people's habitual common senses, common sense, and common things in content, and at the same time transcend the normal state in art; the so-called taoism is that on the surface it seems unconventional, illogical, but fundamentally emotionally logical, the reader not only does not feel illegitimate, but feels novel and strange, and is deeply moved to introduce the reader into the timeless artistic realm for people to chew.
The poem begins with an excellent use of "paradoxical means fun".
These four verses are the poetic eyes of the whole poem, and it plays the role of outlining and leading. According to the normal physical and physical norms, how can a living person die? When people die, why is it said that they are still alive?
However, the poet wisely used the artistic technique of "perverse harmony" to reveal two different views of life and death, outlook on life and values in a sharp contrasting way.
The former sentence refers to those who ride on the heads of the people as a blessing, but only live in the shell, walking dead, but life is worthless; the latter sentence refers to those who have lived all their lives for the people and are willing to be cattle and horses for the people, although the life of such people no longer exists, but their thoughts and spirits will always reside in the world, although they are still alive. Thus the logic of the poet's emotions is reasonable. Such anomalies have a shocking artistic effect.
The social effect of the Collector's "Some People" is inseparable from the combination of the poetry's ideology and perfect artistry. The poem condenses a social reality and truth that goes back thousands of years and continues to the future in a very concise verse: the enemy of the people, although it is still alive and dead, it will stink for thousands of years; serving the people is still alive and well, and it is famous for eternity.
It is foreseeable that, like all the great poets in history: people will remember Du Fu if they remember "Zhumen wine smells of flesh, and the road has frozen bones"; people will remember Du Fu; remember "An can destroy the eyebrows and bend the waist of the magnate, making me unhappy"; in the same way, people will remember Li Bai; in the same way, they will remember "Some people are alive and he is dead; some people are still alive when they are dead." "People will remember the poet Zang Kejia.
In short, Zang Kejia's "Some People" is by no means a "poem of saliva".